Bianca Bianca Gold Bionca Seven Bionica Lynenette Champaign Bridgette Bleu Bridgette Blue Brigette Bleu Brigette Blue Lynn Connelly Mrs Clark Kim Kum Kimmy Toyota Eden Kim Kwan Kimmy Jee Kimmi Gee Kimmi Kimi G Kimi Ji Kimi Jee Sam Katie Allisa Allure Alyssa Allyssa Allure Alicia Allure Allysa Allure Amia Moré Amia Moore Amia Amore Tricia Trisha Jessica Jewell Heather Horne Jessica Conners Jessica Rabbit Jessica Collins Heather Hornay Kimare Broody Jessica Alexis Lamore Alexis Amour Alexis Brittney Britany Skye Britany Sky Britney Skye Brittaney Skye Brittany Sky Britney Sky Brittany Skye Alana Ev Alona Alana Allana Evans Jenna Talia Lucy Blaze C ey Cumms C ey Alexander Andi San Dim Andi Love Andi Crush Andie San Dim Rock Christina Inked Andi Andi Love Lilith Rose Kerri websites Katie Stives Alexa Nicole Aleska Nicole Aleksa Nicole Alysa Alysha Gapolexa Lora Alisya Eloa Bobbie Starr Bobby Starr Bobbi Bobbi Star Annette Swartz Anette Annette Schwartz Annette Annetta Schwarz Naomi Cruise Nyomi Cruise Naomi Cruz Summer Monroe Miss Moretti Amia Moretti Amea Moretti on websites Abbey Ileana Amia A ianna Angel A inna Angle Au ianna Scarlett eamz Alannah Rae Alanah Ray Katie Koxxx Flower Aarlynn Aarilyn Berra Aaralynn Barra Arryolyn Barra Aaryn Barra Aaralyn Aaralyn Berra Aarolyn Barra Kelly Fucking Wells Kelly Fuck'n Wells Kelley Wells Kelly Fuckin' Wells Kelly Fuck 'n Wells Rebecca Edna Purviance The Girl James T Kelley James T Kelley Mitzi Gaynor Martha Stewart Jeanne Crain Jeanne Crain Letty P Eddie Albert Eddie Albert Austin Mack Beverly Garland Beverly Garland Buster Crabbe 'Slinger' Dunn Larry "Buster" Crabbe Katherine DeMille Katherine DeMille Molly Dunn Katherine de Mille Tom Keene Tom Keene Jim Travis Richard M ur Sheriff Ed Smalley Clay Tanner Clay Tanner Buck Henry The Escort Vincent Gardenia Vincent Gardenia Krim Joseph Maher Joseph Maher Sisk Hamilton Camp Hamilton Camp William Callaway Harley William Bronder William Bronder Sorrell Booke Al G Karp G Wood G Wood An ew Constable Colleen Dewhurst Monique Aldo Sambrell Aldo Sambrell Miguel Aldo Sanbrell Ian McShane Wolfe Lissner Nigel Davenport Nigel Davenport Bob Matthews Donald Sinden Donald Sinden Eddie Davies Paul Luty Paul Luty Daphne Oxenford Daphne Oxenford Deborah Watling Deborah Watling Gerald aycott James Cossins Roy Barraclough Peregrine Patricia Hayes Patricia Hayes Air Hostess Mollie Sugden Mollie Sugden Doris Check In Girl Frank Thornton Frank Thornton Travel nt Ronnie Brody Ronnie Brody Courier Ernest Arnley Ernest Arnley Customer Alec Bregonzi Alec Bregonzi sistant Felix Bowness Felix Bowness Barry Halliday Barry Halliday Didi Sullivan Didi Sullivan Fiona Lewis Fiona Lewis Venetia T P McKenna T P McKenna Frank Fletcher Joss Ackland Joss Ackland Edgar Lowis Cathleen Nesbitt Cathleen Nesbitt Mrs DakinElizabeth Knight Elizabeth Knight Patti Colin Welland Colin Welland Tom Binney Tony Selby Tony Selby DuncanJohn Hallam John Hallam Terry Del Henney Del Henney Webb Ben Howard Ben Howard Henry James Cossins James Cossins Brown Antonio Tarruella Antonio Tarruella Motorcycle Policeman Robert Coleby Robert Coleby Hitch HikerPat Zurica Pat Zurica st Man Patrick J Zurica Rocky Taylor Rocky Taylor nd ManClifton James Clifton James StreigerBob Balaban Bob Balaban Victor KarpBibi Osterwald Bibi Osterwald Mums GornikFrank McRae Frank McRae Hermann X Don Calfa Don Calfa Stosh GornikHarvey Evans Harvey Evans IrvingHank Stohl Hank Stohl JohnsonLiam Dunn Liam Dunn PainterJack Riley Jack Riley JacksonPat Zurica Pat Zurica Man in privyHarvey J Goldenberg Harvey J Goldenberg st policeman RosewaterJeannie Linero Jeannie Linero LolaPe o Gonzalez Gonzalez Pe o Gonzalez Gonzalez MiguelitoAnthony Palmer Anthony Palmer Chief AppletonHarvey Solin Harvey Solin Sally Kirkland Sally Kirkland JanetBruce M Fischer Bruce M Fischer Mathew Anden Mathew Anden Jack Perkins Jack Perkins Ross Durfee Ross Durfee Jorge Moreno Jorge Moreno Jamie Reidy Jamie Reidy Hank Worden Hank Worden Hoke Howell Hoke Howell Bentley Arthur Malet Arthur Malet Everett Stephanie Faracy Stephanie Faracy CorinneJeannie Linero Jeannie Linero LaviniaHarry D K Wong Harry D K Wong GardenerGeorge J Manos George J ManosLt Henry LawtonPat McCormick Pat McCormick John NobleJack Starrett Jack Starrett Gen George CrookJohn Durren John Durren Jay Robinson John C RupertJohn tin John tin A eva Rose Reva Rose Richard Todd Sir Walter RaleighJoan Collins Joan Collins Beth ThrogmortonJay Robinson Jay Robinson ChadwickHerbert Marshall Herbert Marshall Lord Leicester Robert Dudley Dan O'Herlihy Dan O'Herlihy Lord DerryRobert Dougl Robert Dougl Sir Christopher HattonRomney Brent Romney Brent French Amb sadorLeslie Parrish Leslie Parrish Anne Marjorie Hellen Lisa Daniels Lisa Daniels MaryLuluRobert Foulk Robert Foulk Commissioner DingleBrayden Linden Brayden Linden FrankKaren Mae Johnson Karen Mae Johnson Lola Karen Rae Johnson Francis R Cody Francis R Cody Rhett Francis Cody Darra Lyn Tobin Darra Lyn Tobin Elvira Darra Lynn Tobin Hank Whickham Hank Whickham SpeedJ Rob Jordan J Rob Jordan Officer NerdmanHerb Marlis Herb Marlis LloydMarshal Joe LeFlors Meg Mazursky AmyGlenna Sargent Glenna Sargent NancyViola Spolin Viola Spolin Mrs Morrison MotherAn e Philippe An e Philippe An eMichael Lerner Michael Lerner LeoJoan Delaney Joan Delaney JaneNeil Burstyn Neil Burstyn NormanLeon Frederick Leon Frederick LewisCarol O'Leary Carol O'Leary MarleneTox ohar Tox ohar ToxSophia Krischer Sophia Krischer Sophi ne Krischer Gene Krischer GenePaul Mazursky Paul Mazursky Hal SternJeremy Slate Jeremy Slate Capt Emmet CrawfordEnrique Lucero Enrique Lucero GeronimoStafford Morgan Stafford Morgan Gen Nelson MilesDon Collier Don Collier Mr NickellJames Oliver James Oliver Mickey FreeGeorge Reynolds George Reynolds st RustlerWilliam Smith Jr William Smith JBenny Baker Benny Baker Jim TraftLeif Erickson Leif Erickson Curley Prentiss Glenn Erikson David Canary Candy CanadayArthur Hunnicutt Arthur Hunnicutt Salty HubbardEric Christm Eric Christm Bobby DanMike Mazurki Mike Mazurki Big JackJohn Carradine John Carradine Preacher DillardIvor Francis Ivor Francis BankerJim Connell Jim Connell Hotel Man rRobert Sorrells Robert Sorrells SidGuy Wilkerson Guy Wilkerson SheriffMilton Parsons Milton Parsons UndertakerSunshine Parker Sunshine Parker Bum Lee McLaughlin Lee McLaughlin Stanley An ews Stanley An ews Clay JacksonRichard Carle Richard Carle Sheriff BinghamIrving Bacon Irving Bacon Windy Watkins Traft ForemanEffie Ellsler Effie Ellsler Granny DunnJan Duggan Jan Duggan Carrie BinghamWalter Long Walter Long Bev WilsonChester Gan Chester Gan ClarenceRichard Alexander Richard Alexander Seth HaverlyBudd Fine Budd Fine Sam Haverly Bud Fine Jack Pennick Jack Pennick WearyRest of c t listed alphabetically Curley Baldwin Curley Baldwin Man at Dance Ed Brady Ed Brady Jackson Henchman Charles Brinley Charles Brinley Barfly Jack Rube Clifford Jack Rube Clifford Rodeo Announcer Frank O'Connor Frank O'Connor Bartender at Mace's Saloon Bob Reeves Bob Reeves Henchman Don Roberts Don Roberts Guncheck Room Clerk Henry Roquemore Henry Roquemore Rodeo Judge Tom Smith Tom Smith Man at DanceC sie MackJackie Coogan Jackie Coogan Swifty MorganBarry Kelley Barry Kelley Captain Hugh McCarthyTed de Corsia Ted de Corsia Georgie ParkerLeonard Graves Leonard Graves Tim CooganValerie Allen Valerie Allen Flora ChorineHank Henry Hank Henry Burlesque ComedianSophie Tucker Sophie Tucker Sophie TuckerRest of c t listed alphabetically Ned Gl s Ned Gl s Johnson Eric Alden Eric Alden Doorman at the Copacabana Robert quith Robert quith Nightclub Patron Bill Baldwin Bill Baldwin Radio Announcer on Loudspeaker Bobby Barber Bobby Barber Waiter Don Beddoe Don Beddoe Heckler at the Copacabana Russ Bender Russ Bender Man in Hotel Suite John Benson John Benson Hood Billie Bird Billie Bird Ticket Seller C hier Jan Bradley Jan Bradley Telephone Operator Judith Bradshaw Judith Bradshaw Chorine Wally Brown Wally Brown L Veg Heckler Paul Bryar Paul Bryar Heckler Benny Burt Benny Burt Taxicab iver Florine Carlan Florine Carlan Chorine Fred Catania Fred Catania Bouncer at Silver Door James Cavanaugh James Cavanaugh Burlesque Straight Man Edith Clair Edith Clair Nightclub Patron Au ey Conti Au ey Conti Girl in Hotel Suite Jimmy Cross Jimmy Cross Jack Jann Darlyn Jann Darlyn Girl in Hotel Suite Joseph Donte Joseph Donte Man in Hotel Suite Phyllis Dougl Phyllis Dougl Chorine Heidi Duval Heidi Duval Chorine Dick Elliott Dick Elliott Man Shaving Shirley Falls Shirley Falls Fl hy Blonde Franklyn Farnum Franklyn Farnum Nightclub Patron Darlene Fields Darlene Fields Chorine Ruby Fleming Ruby Fleming Nightclub Patron Kathleen Gallant Kathleen Gallant Heckler's Wife Paul Gary Paul Gary Man in Hotel Suite H W Gim H W Gim Janitor Mary Ellen Gle on Mary Ellen Gle on Girl on Chair Regina Gle on Regina Gle on Girl in Hotel Suite Joe Gray Joe Gray Fighter Reita Green Reita Green Chorine Donna Jo Gribble Donna Jo Gribble Chorine Kit Guard Kit Guard Doorman at the Valencia John Harding John Harding Johnny Allen Maurice Hart Maurice Hart Man on Squawk Box Ed H kett Ed H kett C ino Patron Len Hen y Len Hen y Heckler Bill Hickman Bill Hickman Hood Knife Paula Hill Paula Hill Chorine Harold Huber Harold Huber Harry Bliss Edward Ingram Edward Ingram Nightclub Patron Dorothy Johnson Dorothy Johnson Nightclub Patron Lorna Jordon Lorna Jordon Waitress Howard Joslin Howard Joslin Nightclub Patron Kenner G Kemp Kenner G Kemp Elevator Operator Man at Benefit Jack Kenney Jack Kenney Hotel Clerk Walter Woolf King Walter Woolf King Mr P Richard Kipling Richard Kipling Man at Craps Table Larry Knight Larry Knight Dealer Lucy Knoch Lucy Knoch Chorine Joseph La Cava Joseph La Cava Waiter Estelle Lawrence Estelle Lawrence Nightclub Patron Ned Le Fevre Ned Le Fevre Austin Joanna Lee Joanna Lee Chorine Carl M Leviness Carl M Leviness Wedding Guest Arthur Lewis Arthur Lewis Man in Hotel Suite Au ey Lowell Au ey Lowell Chorine Mike Mahoney Mike Mahoney Man at Benefit Nightclub Patron Helene Marshall Helene Marshall Girl in Hotel Suite Leon Martin Leon Martin Man in Hotel Suite Thom Martin Thom Martin C ino Patron Oliver McGowan Oliver McGowan Judge Dennis McMullen Dennis McMullen Photographer Ron McNeil Ron McNeil Cab iver William Meader William Meader Man in Hotel Suite Sid Melton Sid Melton Racetrack Runner Paul Millard Paul Millard Nightclub Patron Harold Miller Harold Miller Nightclub Patron Man at Benefit Frank Mills Frank Mills Florist Truck iver Ralph Montgomery Ralph Montgomery Man in Hotel Suite Pat Moran Pat Moran Man at Craps Table Sol Murgi Sol Murgi Wedding Guest Forbes Murray Forbes Murray Nightclub Patron William H O'Brien William H O'Brien Nightclub Patron George Offerman Jr George Offerman Jr Elevator Starter Alan Paige Alan Paige Man in Hotel Suite Arturo Petterino Arturo Petterino Maitre D' Murray Pollack Murray Pollack C ino Patron William Pullen William Pullen Letty's Husband Mabel Rea Mabel Rea Chorine Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt Mrs Roosevelt Franklin D Roosevelt Franklin D Roosevelt President Franklin D Roosevelt Edna Ryan Edna Ryan Chorine Paul Salata Paul Salata Hood Cosmo Sardo Cosmo Sardo Maitre D' Jeffrey Sayre Jeffrey Sayre Elevator P senger Slot Machine Player David Siegel David Siegel Dealer Billy Snyder Billy Snyder Man in Hotel Suite Ann Stebbins Ann Stebbins Chorine Jack Stoney Jack Stoney Racetrack Patron Football Game Spectator Robert Strong Robert Strong Waiter Brick Sullivan Brick Sullivan Wedding Guest Elliott Sullivan Elliott Sullivan Nightclub Patron Kay Tapscott Kay Tapscott Chorine Harriette Tarler Harriette Tarler Chorine June Tolley June Tolley Girl in Hotel Suite Mary Treen Mary Treen Heckler Carl von Schiller Carl von Schiller C ino Patron Ned Wever Ned Wever Pierson Dave White Dave White Officer Eric Wilton Eric Wilton Samuels Letty's Butler Her FatherEric Campbell Eric Campbell Mr StoutHenry Bergman Henry Bergman Mrs StoutAlbert Austin Albert Austin CookLeota Bryan Leota Bryan Edna's Friend Claire Bloom TherezaNigel Bruce Nigel Bruce PostantBuster Keaton Buster Keaton Calvero's PartnerSydney Chaplin Sydney Chaplin NevilleNorman Lloyd Norman Lloyd BodalinkAn e Eglevsky An e Eglevsky DancerMelissa Hayden Melissa Hayden DancerMarorie Bennett Marjorie Bennett Mrs AlsopWheeler yden Wheeler yden Thereza's DoctorBarry Bernard Barry Bernard John RedfernStapleton Kent Stapleton Kent ClaudiusMolly Glessing Molly Glessing Maid Mollie Glessing Leonard Mudie Leonard Mudie Calvero's Doctor Leonard Mudi Loyal Underwood Loyal Underwood Street Musician'Snub' Pollard 'Snub' Pollard Street Musician Snub Pollard Peter Sellers Evelyn Tremble James Bond Ursula An ess Ursula An ess Vesper Lynd James Bond David Niven David Niven Sir James BondOrson Welles Orson Welles Le ChiffreJoanna Pettet Joanna Pettet Mata BondDaliah Lavi Daliah Lavi The Detainer James Bond Woody Allen Woody Allen Jimmy Bond Noah Deborah Kerr Deborah Kerr nt Mimi Lady Fiona McTarryWilliam Holden William Holden RansomeCharles Boyer Charles Boyer Le GrandJohn Huston John Huston M General McTarryKurt K znar Kurt K znar SmernovGeorge Raft George Raft Jean Paul Belmondo Jean Paul Belmondo French Legionnaire Jean Paul Belmondo Terence Cooper Terence Cooper Cooper James Bond Charles 'Bud' Tingwell Captain Jaffe s Peter Copley Peter Copley Charles Wilson s Geoffrey Palmer Geoffrey Palmer Chief Officer s Erik Chitty Erik Chitty Bernard s Ronald Lewis Ronald Lewis Max Harrow David Langton David Langton Morrison James Maxwell James Maxwell Jon Foster Tom Criddle Tom Criddle Doctor Keith Buckley Keith Buckley Scotty Jessica Dunning Jessica Dunning Annika Tenniel Evans Tenniel Evans QT Jane Jordan Rogers Jane Jordan Rogers of Friend Peter Madden Peter Madden Spelman Alan Downer Alan Downer John Sherwood Tony W r Tony W r Harvey Geoffrey Kenion Geoffrey Kenion Birch Michael Danvers Walker Michael Danvers Walker Brett David Munro David Munro Ken Patrick Scanlan Patrick Scanlan A Captor Milo O'Shea Milo O'Shea Henry Wilkes Anthony Bate Anthony Bate General John Gabriel John Gabriel E terbrook Seb tian Breaks Seb tian Breaks Paul Porter Petra Davies Petra Davies Mary Birkett Wendy Gifford Wendy Gifford Susan Calvin Peter Barkworth Peter Barkworth Philimore David Collings David Collings R Daneel Olivaw John Robinson John Robinson Saint Robert James Robert James Kersh Derek Benfield Derek Benfield Moore Clifford Cox Clifford Cox Ewan McKenzie Shirley Cain Shirley Cain Frances Mervyn Jerry Stovin Jerry Stovin Spaceship captain David Cargill David Cargill Radio man One Raymond Hardy Raymond Hardy Radio man Two Robert MacLeod Robert MacLeod American John Wentworth John Wentworth Barton Barry Warren Barry Warren Larry Belmont Bernard Brown Bernard Brown Frank Bowers Two James Copeland James Copeland Oliver MacDonald June Ellis June Ellis Brenda Gerald Sim Gerald Sim Det Sgt Greene John Berwyn John Berwyn Japhet Garfield Morgan Garfield Morgan Bit Part Steve Peters Steve Peters Man Jonathan Adams Capt Julius Belwether RNMarcia Bennett Marcia Bennett Girl at lodging houseTony Caunter Tony Caunter Sir William CongreveRobert Caw on Robert Caw on Robert Fulton Carl Conway Carl Conway Sailor in DevonAubrey Danvers Walker Aubrey Danvers Walker SullivanPatricia Gordino Patricia Gordino Young lady in carri Paul Grist Paul Grist Lt Simon Lamb RNJames H well James H well Sailor aboard the 'Relentless'Ricky Lansing Ricky Lansing Coachman William Mervyn Chief Insp Rose s Keith Barron Keith Barron Det Sgt John Swift June Tobin June Tobin Alice Brand s Richard Armit Alec Track Navin Chowdhry Navin Chowdhry Naz Osbourne Zoe Telford Zoe Telford Jane Cameron Ciarán McMenamin Ciarán McMenamin Paul Keane Billy Geraghty Billy Geraghty Kurt Jagger Francesca Fowler Francesca Fowler Coma Patient s Pooky Quesnel Pooky Quesnel Christine Whelan Lorna Fitzgerald Lorna Fitzgerald J mine Campbell Rebecca Sarker Rebecca Sarker Nina Osbourne Chloe Howman Chloe Howman PC Rowena Banks John Carson John Carson Anthony Brand Steve Peters Steve Peters Staff Officer at the AdmiraltyRex R hley Rex R hley Jim Harris Murray Melvin Murray Melvin John Moffatt John Moffatt Emma Bakhle Lucy Bernadette Windsor Bernadette Windsor Alice Phyllida Law Phyllida Law Aunt Gwen Royce Mills Royce Mills Uncle Peter Russell Lewis Russell Lewis Patrick Oona Kirsch Oona Kirsch Rachel François Evans François Evans Bill Ève Karpf Ève Karpf Mademoiselle Blake Butler Blake Butler Brown Aimée Delamain Aimée Delamain Aunt Olive Carol MacReady Carol MacReady Mrs Clayton Joan Sav Joan Sav Mrs Naylor Paul Luty Paul Luty Jonathan Ryde Jonathan Ryde Nigel Godfrey Nigel Godfrey Edward SeeleyFrançois Evans François Evans Paul Anthony Paul AnthonyAncient AdmiralKyn ton Reeves Kyn ton Reeves AdmiralTerry Scully Terry Scully Lord NelsonPaul Greenwood PC Michael 'Rosie' Penrose s Tony Haygarth Tony Haygarth PC Wilmot s Lorraine Peters Lorraine Peters Aunt Ida s Frankie Jordan Frankie Jordan Gillian Chiselhurst s Penny Leatherbarrow Penny Leatherbarrow WPC Brenda Whatmough s Allan Surtees Allan Surtees Uncle Norman s Paul Luty Paul Luty Chief Inspector Dunwoody s Avril Elgar Avril Elgar Millie Penrose s Maggie Jones Maggie Jones Glenda s Don McKillop Don McKillop Bill s Tim Turner Peter Brady s Lisa Daniely Lisa Daniely Diane 'Dee' Wilson s Deborah Watling Deborah Watling Sally Wilson s George Cole David Bliss Hugh Sinclair Hugh Sinclair Bob Batten Frances Bennett Frances Bennett Pam Batten William Kendall William Kendall Gilbert Dudley Tracy Connell Tracy Connell Abdul Annette Kerr Annette Kerr Mrs Lodge Karl Howman Jacko s Mike Walling Mike Walling Eric s Jackie Lye Jackie Lye San a s Howard Lew Lewis Howard Lew Lewis Elmo s Elizabeth Counsell Elizabeth Counsell Veronica s Gary Waldhorn Gary Waldhorn Lionel s Erika Hoffman Erika Hoffman Lesley s Nicky Croydon Nicky Croydon Jean s Wendy Craig Barbara Gray s John Quayle John Quayle Duke of Broughton s Natalie Forbes Natalie Forbes Tilly Wilcox Maid s Yootha Joyce Mil ed s Brian Murphy Brian Murphy George s Norman Eshley Norman Eshley Jeffrey Fourmile s Sheila Fearn Sheila Fearn Ann Fourmile s Nichol Bond Owen Nichol Bond Owen Tristram s Brian Haines Captain Petherbridge s John Ronane John Ronane Johnnie s Aubrey Richards Aubrey Richards Governor Yates s Neil Wilson Neil Wilson Joe Salcott s Aubrey Morris Aubrey Morris Arnold Gerson s Peter Hughes Peter Hughes Hotel Man r s Roy Patrick Roy Patrick Detective Sergeant s Michael Al idge Michael Al idge Major Spencer s Tamara Hinchco Tamara Hinchco Carol Sandford s Dudley Foster Dudley Foster Gilbert Platt s Michael Gwynn Michael Gwynn Director Glyn Houston Glyn Houston Inspector H tings Newton Blick Newton Blick Herman Gold Nyree Dawn Porter Nyree Dawn Porter Caroline West David Saire David Saire Nigel John Hurt John Hurt Private Briggs Leo Carera Leo Carera Abb Tukur Garfield Morgan Garfield Morgan Det Supt Miller Robert Hardy Robert 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Hodge Raymond Hodge Court Orderly Carolyn Pertwee Carolyn Pertwee Cecily Norman Pitt Norman Pitt Lord Stapleton Ralph Wilson Ralph Wilson Court Member Edward Caddick Edward Caddick Maurice Patmore Carole Allen Carole Allen Louise Rosemary hford Rosemary hford Beatrice John Barrett John Barrett Ellison Rodney Bewes Rodney Bewes Peter Morton Patrick Macnee John Steed s Diana Rigg Diana Rigg Emma Peel s Honor Blackman Honor Blackman Catherine Gale s Linda Thorson Linda Thorson Tara King s Ian Hen y Ian Hen y David Keel s Patrick Newell Patrick Newell Mother s Ingrid Hafner Ingrid Hafner Carol Wilson s Dougl Muir Dougl Muir One Ten s Frank Maher Frank Maher Frank Elrick s Terence Plummer Terence Plummer Equipment Operator s Julie Stevens Julie Stevens Venus Smith Edwin Richfield Edwin Richfield Alex s Norman Chappell Norman Chappell Fleming s Philip Madoc Philip Madoc Ivan Pepitoparoff s Valentino Musetti Valentino Musetti Ali s Peter J Elliott Peter J Elliott nd Guest s Robert James Robert James Ronnie Vance s Alan Chuntz Alan Chuntz Guard s Peter Clay Peter Clay First Victim s Rocky Taylor Rocky Taylor Martial Artist Kenneth J Warren Kenneth J Warren Felder s Warren Mitchell Warren Mitchell Amb sador Vladimir Jiroslav Brodny s Julian Glover Julian Glover Major Peter Rooke s Paul Whitsun Jones Paul Whitsun Jones Charles s Roy Kinnear Roy Kinnear Bagpipes Happychap s John Laurie John Laurie Crewe s Peter Bowles Peter Bowles Ezdorf s Judy Parfitt Judy Parfitt Brenda Paterson s Gerald Sim Gerald Sim Budge s John Hollis John Hollis Kanwitch s Doug Robinson Doug Robinson Bodyguard Georgi s Ray Browne Ray Browne Alex s Anthony Blackshaw Anthony Blackshaw Davis s Peter Barkworth Peter Barkworth Crichton Bull s Allan Cuthbertson Allan Cuthbertson Hugh Chalk s Peter Arne Peter Arne Cosmo Gallion s Garfield Morgan Garfield Morgan Gilbert s Frank Gatliff Frank Gatliff Dubois s Gary Watson Gary Watson Allen Marling s Tenniel Evans Tenniel Evans Hurst s Geoffrey Palmer Geoffrey Palmer Terence s John Bailey John Bailey Fernand s Raymond Adamson Raymond Adamson Boris s Neil Wilson Neil Wilson Beppi s Michael Gough Michael Gough Clement Armstrong s Steven Scott Steven Scott Boris s John Woodvine John Woodvine Bloom s Harry Shacklock Harry Shacklock Bill Reston s Jon Roll on Jon Roll on Martin King Ronald Radd Ronald Radd Henry Cade s Clifford Evans Clifford Evans Henry Boardman s Peter Jeffrey Peter Jeffrey Max Prenderg t s Frederick Jaeger Frederick Jaeger Benson s Patricia Haines Patricia Haines Emma Peel s T P McKenna T P McKenna Major Robert Wentworth s Dudley Foster Dudley Foster Mr Goat s Patricia English Patricia English Carla Berotti s David Langton David Langton Gerald Shelley s John Carson John Carson Ariston s Terence Alexander Terence Alexander 'Piggy' Warren s Fulton Mackay Fulton Mackay Frank Glover s Philip Locke Philip Locke Henry Primble s Gerald Harper Gerald Harper Colonel Corf s Richard Leech Richard Leech Col ew s Iris Russell Iris Russell Father s Hugh Manning Hugh Manning Colonel Watson s John Sharp John Sharp Jonathan Jupp s Jeremy Young Jeremy Young Penrose s Jerome Willis Jerome Willis George s Jeremy Burnham Jeremy Burnham Gordon White s Howard Marion Crawford Howard Marion Crawford Brigadier 'Percy' Ponsonby Goddard s John Cater John Cater Disco s Derek Newark Derek Newark Crawford s Bernard Horsfall Bernard Horsfall Captain Smythe s Ivor Dean Ivor Dean Bates s A ian Ropes A ian Ropes Baines s John Stone John Stone Frederick Paignton s Harvey hby Harvey hby Bobby Cleaver s Bruno Barnabe Bruno Barnabe Farrar s David Garth David Garth Barton s Christopher Benjamin Christopher Benjamin J J Hooter s Vernon Dobtcheff Vernon Dobtcheff George Spencer s John Crocker John Crocker Fothers s Peter Thom Peter Thom Gatt Ken ick s The Kenny Powell Trio The Kenny Powell Trio Themselves The Dave Lee Trio The Dave Lee Trio Themselves Christopher Lee Christopher Lee Colonel Mannering s Alfred Burke Alfred Burke Brown s Godfrey Quigley Godfrey Quigley Spicer s John Ronane John Ronane Hubert s Caroline Blakiston Caroline Blakiston Cynthia Wentworth Howe s Burt Kwouk Burt Kwouk King Tenuphon s Neil Hallett Neil Hallett Arnie Packer s Wolfe Morris Wolfe Morris Ali s Maurice Good Maurice Good Harry Mercer s Alex Scott Alex Scott Henry J Averman s Paul Dawkins Paul Dawkins Evans s Yolande Turner Yolande Turner Henrietta s Neil McCarthy Neil McCarthy Bart s Michael Robbins Michael Robbins Cavell s Gary Hope Gary Hope Barker s A J Brown A J Brown Dawson s John G Heller John G Heller Boris Groski s Peter Madden Peter Madden Benson s Hamilton Dyce Hamilton Dyce H Ralph Camrose s Alister Williamson Alister Williamson Detective Superintendent Wilson s Irene Bradshaw Irene Bradshaw Diana s Michael Hawkins Michael Hawkins Corporal Jones s Jon Laurimore Jon Laurimore Ronny Westcott s Penelope Keith Penelope Keith Au ey Long s John Baker John Baker Hallam s Malcolm Taylor Malcolm Taylor Hooper s Junia Junia s Tom Adams Tom Adams Fenton Grenville s Morris Perry Morris Perry Harry s Harvey Hall Harvey Hall Guard Ray Austin Ray Austin Baron s Charlie Bird Charlie Bird Hall s Art Thom Art Thom Major Alexander Vazin s Nosher Powell Nosher Powell Henrik s Cliff Diggins Cliff Diggins Fighter s Dinny Powell Dinny Powell Intercrime Guard s Redmond Bailey Redmond Bailey Jones s Blaise Wyndham Blaise Wyndham Campbell s An é Morell An é Morell Horatio 'King' Kane Patrick M e Patrick M e J P Spagge Nigel Stock Nigel Stock Richard Carlyon Patrick Cargill Patrick Cargill Mr A ian Lovejoy Nigel Davenport Nigel Davenport Lord Barnes Ron Moody Ron Moody Ponsonby Hopkirk Peter Wyngarde Peter Wyngarde Stewart Kirby Nigel Green Nigel Green Sir Lexius Cray John Le Mesurier John Le Mesurier Benson William Luc William Luc Brigadier Brett Ray McAnally Ray McAnally Arcos Katherine Woodville Katherine Woodville Laure Paul Eddington Paul Eddington Lord William Beaumont Charles 'Bud' Tingwell Charles 'Bud' Tingwell Neville Jan Holden Jan Holden Paula William Franklyn William Franklyn Brinstead Robert Urquhart Robert Urquhart Angus De'ath Liam Redmond Liam Redmond Charles Merrydale Anthony Bate Anthony Bate Earle Peter Copley Peter Copley Henry Barker Campbell Singer Campbell Singer George Stanley Angela Browne Angela Browne Pamela Johnson Colette Wilde Colette Wilde Helena James Maxwell James Maxwell J on Wade Alan MacNaughton Alan MacNaughton Gilpin Kenneth Cope Kenneth Cope Gardiner Ronald Lacey Ronald Lacey Humbert Green Willoughby Goddard Willoughby Goddard Professor Harvey Truman Leslie French Leslie French Gregory Anthony Nicholls Anthony Nicholls Shanklin Pauline Delaney Pauline Delaney Elizabeth Bayle Philip Latham Philip Latham Carter Alec Mango Alec Mango Boris Shvedloff Daniel Moynihan Daniel Moynihan Corporal Barman David Bauer David Bauer Bishop Bernard Archard Bernard Archard Desmond Leeming Anthony Newlands Anthony Newlands Ben Jago Bernard Cribbins Bernard Cribbins Arkwright Colin Jeavons Colin Jeavons Lord Darcy Brian Blessed Brian Blessed Major Mark Dayton Sally Nesbitt Sally Nesbitt Helen Pritchard yndon Brook Lyndon Brook Manx An ew Keir An ew Keir Col James Stratford Johns Stratford Johns Sidney Street Naomi Chance Naomi Chance Mrs Daniels Tony Steedman Tony Steedman Beardmore Sandor Elès Sandor Elès Maurice Jubert Peter Bayliss Peter Bayliss Prof Dodge Jack Watson Jack Watson Hopper Peter Jones Peter Jones Peter Adams Michael Latimer Michael Latimer Lord Lakeham Jeremy Lloyd Jeremy Lloyd Bertram Fortescue Winthrop Smith David Sumner David Sumner Charles Minnow John Bennett John Bennett Marson Gillian Muir Gillian Muir Judy Alan Browning Alan Browning Gregor Zaroff George A Cooper George A Cooper Maxwell Barker Patrick Holt Patrick Holt Madden Barry Warren Barry Warren Jeremy Wade Mary Merrall Mary Merrall Georgina Kyn ton Reeves Kyn ton Reeves Dickens Ian Shand Ian Shand E tow John Tate John Tate Colonel Wesker Brian Oulton Brian Oulton Mr Edgar Nora Nicholson Nora Nicholson Ermyntrude William Job William Job Alan Carter Francis Matthews Francis Matthews Matthew An ew Chivers John Nettleton John Nettleton Professor Palmer Howard Goorney Howard Goorney Green Noel Coleman Noel Coleman Conroy Kenneth Keeling Kenneth Keeling Appleton Edward de Souza Edward de Souza Brian Collier John Junkin John Junkin Sergeant Anneke Wills Anneke Wills Judy Channerin Ken Parry Ken Parry Arbuthnot John Wentworth John Wentworth Sir Charles Reniston John Ringham John Ringham Cliff Howard David Lodge David Lodge M kell John Horsley John Horsley Gilmore James Bree James Bree Arthur Wilkington Harold Innocent Harold Innocent Frank Leeson Gordon Whiting Gordon Whiting DeLeon Philip Anthony Philip Anthony Cummings Michael Trubshawe Michael Trubshawe Col ers Roger Booth Roger Booth 'Porky' Purser Peter Blythe Peter Blythe James Mankin Timothy Bateson Timothy Bateson Hubert Merryweather Simon Oates Simon Oates M kin Michael Forrest Michael Forrest Peters Anthony Baird Anthony Baird nd sistant Edina Ronay Edina Ronay Elin Artro Morris Artro Morris Henry Throgbottom Rowena Gregory Rowena Gregory Anne Michael Gover Michael Gover One Six Geoffrey Whitehead Geoffrey Whitehead Carter Edward Underdown Edward Underdown Jonathan Stone John Glyn Jones John Glyn Jones D B Grindley Robert Caw on Robert Caw on Banks David Kernan David Kernan Arthur Piedi Allan McClelland Allan McClelland Broster Barry Linehan Barry Linehan Magnus Alec Ross Alec Ross st Guard M ters Ilona Rodgers Ilona Rodgers Receptionist Steve Plyt Steve Plyt Boris Kartovski Keith Pyott Keith Pyott D M Pennington Alan Haywood Alan Haywood Jackson Arthur Pentelow Arthur Pentelow Grant Richard Caldicot Richard Caldicot Admiral Cartney Terence Lodge Terence Lodge Borowski Donald Webster Donald Webster Dave Fre ic Abbott Fre ic Abbott Manley Anthony Dawes Anthony Dawes Actor Russell Waters Russell Waters Controller Bill Wallis Bill Wallis Charles Grey AD Edward Burnham Edward Burnham Brett Donald Pickering Donald Pickering Freddie Cartwright Arthur Cox Arthur Cox Anaesthetist Joanna Marie Jones Joanna Marie Jones Hilda Nichol Smith Nichol Smith Cavalier Fred Ferris Fred Ferris Inspector George Roubicek George Roubicek Bernard Grant Martin Friend Martin Friend George Norman Scace Norman Scace Stann John Kidd John Kidd Sir Arnold Kelly Hilary Wontner Hilary Wontner Edward J Dumayn Bette Bourne Bette Bourne Allen Cardew Robinson Cardew Robinson Minister Aimée Delamain Aimée Delamain st Lady Charles Lloyd Pack Charles Lloyd Pack Fawcett Talfryn Thom Talfryn Thom Eli Barker Graham Armit Graham Armit Algernon 'Algy' Wynche John Garrie John Garrie Tay Ling Anthony Dutton Anthony Dutton J W Garnett John Lee John Lee Soames Toni Gilpin Toni Gilpin Jackie Ross Nichol Courtney Nichol Courtney Captain Gifford Pamela Ann Davy Pamela Ann Davy Mandy McKay Dougl Cummings Dougl Cummings Barker Geoffrey Colville Geoffrey Colville Burns Arnold Diamond Arnold Diamond Krelmar Jonathan Elsom Jonathan Elsom Ackroyd David Glover David Glover Carson Anthony Valentine Anthony Valentine Calvin George Little George Little Sigi Peter Hughes Peter Hughes Edwards James Belchamber James Belchamber Arthur Peever Geoffrey Chater Geoffrey Chater Seaton Rio Fanning Rio Fanning Bobby Danvers Eric Elliott Eric Elliott Butler Geoff L'Cise Geoff L'Cise Gruber Reg Pritchard Reg Pritchard Postman Richard Owens Richard Owens Mechanic Nicole Shelby Nicole Shelby Brunette Herbert Nelson Herbert Nelson Gravedigger Terence Woodfield Terence Woodfield Green John Frawley John Frawley Autograph Hunting P senger Frank Sieman Frank Sieman Bert Barnes Bryan Mosley Bryan Mosley Armshith Clifford Earl Clifford Earl Clyde Paxton Edward Higgins Edward Higgins P C An ews Edwin Brown Edwin Brown Lorry iver John Moore John Moore Greer Michael Nightingale Michael Nightingale Luc David Grey David Grey Sterret John Murray Scott John Murray Scott Jackson Noel Davis Noel Davis Carter Graham hley Graham hley Gendarme William Lyon Brown William Lyon Brown Blind Man Anne Rutter Anne Rutter Betty Frank Peters Frank Peters Fred the cabbie An ew Laurence An ew Laurence Herrick Angela Dougl Angela Dougl Beth Wilkinson Barbara Shelley Barbara Shelley Susan Summers Patrick Allen Patrick Allen Frank Reed Melissa Stribling Melissa Stribling Claire Summers Philip Stone Philip Stone Richard J Tredding Colin Blakely Colin Blakely Mickle Geoffrey Bayldon Geoffrey Bayldon Clapham San a Dorne San a Dorne Fiona Charles Henry Lincoln Henry Lincoln Emir Abdulla Akaba Reed De Rouen Reed De Rouen Jack agna George Murcell George Murcell Hooper Helen Lindsay Helen Lindsay Barbara Kingston Mark Eden Mark Eden Jacques Beronne Jonathan Burn Jonathan Burn Conrad Beardsley Peter Reynolds Peter Reynolds Al Brady Victor Platt Victor Platt Archie Duncan Sylva Langova Sylva Langova Lisa Strauss George Roderick George Roderick Binaggio James Copeland James Copeland Gymn t Michael Coles Michael Coles Verret Tim Barrett Tim Barrett An e Gordon Rollings Gordon Rollings Lucien Dennis Edwards Dennis Edwards st sistant Mitzi Rogers Mitzi Rogers Ann Aubrey Richards Aubrey Richards Palmer Ronald Leigh Hunt Ronald Leigh Hunt Bob Lambert Lisa Peake Lisa Peake Esther Michael Mellinger Michael Mellinger Fr er Alan Lake Alan Lake Her Majesties Prison Officer Toke Townley Toke Townley Bernard Bourg Ronald Wilson Ronald Wilson Private Holmes Billy Milton Billy Milton Chandler Moira Redmond Moira Redmond Mrs Zoe Carter Joe Robinson Joe Robinson Martial Artist Fred Haggerty Fred Haggerty nt Alan Gerrard Alan Gerrard Fintry Clive Colin Bowler Clive Colin Bowler Robin Roger Delgado Roger Delgado Kreer Kevin Brennan Kevin Brennan Bruton Robert Mill Robert Mill Brown Michael Collins Michael Collins Detective Sgt Harold K ket Harold K ket Bartello Cyril Renison Cyril Renison Customer Dave Anderson Dave Anderson Gordon Gerry Crampton Gerry Crampton st Guest Leslie Crawford Leslie Crawford Male Farmhand Patrick Connor Patrick Connor Bob Bari Jonson Bari Jonson African Delegate Ewan Roberts Ewan Roberts Major C well Vic Wise Vic Wise Jackie Warren Kenneth Benda Kenneth Benda James Broom Alf Joint Alf Joint Big Man Ron Pember Ron Pember Bert Mills Norman Pitt Norman Pitt B il Roxby Cynthia Bizeray Cynthia Bizeray Blonde Charles Hodgson Charles Hodgson Mark Crawford Charles Morgan Charles Morgan Nick M on Raymond Hodge Raymond Hodge Plainclothes Man Ross Hutchinson Ross Hutchinson Chairman Harry Hutchinson Harry Hutchinson Pen ed's Servant Nigel Lambert Nigel Lambert nd Doctor Victor Charrington Victor Charrington Breckin Michael Barrington Michael Barrington Head waiter Lionel Burns Lionel Burns Photographer Eric Dodson Eric Dodson Inspector Anthony Nina Marriott Nina Marriott Alice Anthony Booth Anthony Booth Kearns Justine Lord Justine Lord Jeanette John McLaren John McLaren Freedman Paul St sino Paul St sino Yakob Borb Meier Tzelniker Meier Tzelniker Samuel Ross Richard Warner Richard Warner Miguel Ros Daphne Anderson Daphne Anderson Betty Jane Barrett Jane Barrett Kathleen Sutherland Hugh Burden Hugh Burden Bruno Guy Doleman Guy Doleman Oliver Waldner Ruth Dunning Ruth Dunning Mrs Dove Lee Patterson Lee Patterson Lomax Eric Pohlmann Eric Pohlmann M on Robert Rietty Robert Rietty Carlo Leonard Rossiter Leonard Rossiter Robin Hood William J Cavendish B il Dignam B il Dignam Major Ronald Pantling Fenella Fielding Fenella Fielding Kim Lawrence Avice Landone Avice Landone Mrs Wilson Duncan Macrae Duncan Macrae Brigadier General Sir Ian Stuart Bollinger Peter Sallis Peter Sallis Hal Anderson Leslie Sands Leslie Sands Captain Slim Derek Farr Derek Farr Sir Lyle Petersen Ronald Fr er Ronald Fr er Sir Horace
Kay Parker Ellen Brewster Harry Reems Vince Brewster Angel Gloria Jamie Gillis Jerry Tom Byron Mark Brewster Ginger Lynn Allen Stacy as Ginger Shanna McCullough Pam Wilson Ivory Essex Samantha Nikki Randall Leslie as Rachel Whitney Lynn Ray Cody Nicole nips xxx lisa gallery caught actresses michelle celebraty men year heard gemser pierced anne lesbian celiberty yvonne bitch legs megan sophie from blowjob trishelle 2008 wwwcelebrity sarandon victoria international camel elizabeth french out katy heels wendi taylor lee penis leaked best dupre shots body catterfeld bitches english naughty bodies 2009 hard sylvia all model jane talia shower wet sandrelli swimsuit Raven Candy Roxanne Rollan Blonde on beach as Roxanna Rollann Crystal Breeze Jackie as Crystal Braze Ken Starbuck Tom Byron Domination Client Greg Derek Crystal Breeze Victorian woman Venus DeLight Herself Stacey Donovan Sex Ed student Steve Drake Lord Chatsworthy Veronica Hart Dr Ruth Robert Kerman Gerard the photographer kathy hottest supermodel review for flashing kristel redhead singer sexiest hardcore rihanna inthe nicole rebecca mclendoncovey asian cum celebity spanish vanessa vanna fucked sudanese celebrty uncensored erect images carla tiny classic dutch photography hair stefania cumshot posing reality rachel huge breasts bra having cleavage kim top halloween boob high monk catherine hight Constance Rand Laurie Smith Diane Ginger Lynn Allen Gail as Ginger Lynn Stacey helena blood babes red galleries photo young clip latest girls true mattsson edmondson aussie celbrities family indian real british fenech susan laura ass skin babe old girl julie antonelli edie older brandy love celebritiy alonso Donovan Stewardess Paul Thomas Paul Rand Colleen Brennan Woman Trying on Lingerie Jerry Butler Captain Parker Debi Diamond Stewardess as Shelly Rey Sasha Gabor Walter Hibbel Jamie Gillis Mr Margold Gabrielle Behar Marilyn Bunny Bleu Girl Scout as Bunny Blue Larry Harwood Greg Rome Eric Edwards Paul Rosemarie edwige audrina andrea scandal with 70s teen feet hairy amber jennifer teens scene scenes hirivskaya eugenia head west american pink pamela suzee pokies big pai white celeberity cameltoe celebrety picture tennis diane ashley black fakes madeleine blog celebritie tapes adlon maria clebrity her fox celebirty welch jaime smith alice chelan ahmo gennifer pregnant mature larranaga russo goddess hall butler sunbathing goodwin shows beautiful kate boyer singers dress hawn booty falco olivia valeria something cheri angela goldie bootz Melissa as Rose Marie Danica Rhae Danica Peter North George Christy Canyon Louise Harrison Chanel Lindsay Janey Robbins Andrea Bunny Bleu Kelly Nichols Killer Kristara Barrington Jane Chelsea Blake Martha Taija Rae Wendy Jill Cumer Inmate Joey Silvera Guard Paul Thomas The Warden George Payne Jocko Danica Rhae Mrs Whittaker Susan Hart Becky Raven Claudia Whittaker Athena Star slips pussy videos the and hollywood pic tits clips actress boobs australian movie celbrity women grammer oops video beach fuck celibrity gone elena sarah recent swedish cullen anna carati carter brit conchita comshaw holly mrskin Judy Jones Britany Striker Brittany Striker Brittany Strycker Britany Stryker Brittany Styryker ashleyduprenet really handjob nguyen wendy cock petra lady kiper madison isild lombardo shirt blalock syndrome alex cannatella louise see attractive stiff woman celebritys Sally Whittaker Marc Wallice David as Mark Wallice Craig Roberts Tom Byron Blake Palmer Dick Howard Guard Frank Serrone Candye Kane as Candy Kane Gina Valentino as LaGina Valento Marc Wallice as Marc Wallace Jerry Butler Peter Stacey Donovan Kimo's girlfriend as Ashley Britton Lois Ayres Melanie Jay Serling Barry Brittany Speared 2003 Ultimate Ginger Lynn 2002 Cock Smokers 15 2000 Fire in the Hole 2000 Tasty Treats 1994 Fantasy World 1991 Girls Like Us 1991 Naughty Nymphs 1991 Raunch II 1989 also as Brittany Styryker Terry Raunch 2 USA video box title Submissive Women 1989 Take My Body 1989 Comimg in America 1988 Coming in America USA video box title Get Me While I'm Hot 1988 Outrageous Orgies 2 1988 Sins of Angel Kelly 1988 Soul Games 1988 Banana Splits 1987 Charmed and Dangerous 1987 Honey Buns 1987 Let's Get It On 1987 Alex deRenzy's Let's Get It On USA complete title Pumping Irene II 1987 Restless Passion 1987 Sky Foxes 1987 Switch Hitters 1987 Dolly Tailspin 1987 The Touchables The Men Girls Pay to Touch 1987 Lois California Gigolo USA alternative title Touchables USA alternative title Ginger's Sex Asylum 1986 Rusty All for His Ladies 1986 as Brittany Striker Back Door Bride 1986 Backdoor to Hollywood Part 2 1986 Maggie Woodson Beyond the Casting Couch 1986 Doctor Penetration 1986 Flasher 1986 as Brittany Strycker Isabel Lasse Braun's Flasher USA complete title Hard Ride 1986 Having It All! 1986 I Am Curious Black 1986 Kiss of the Dragon Lady 1986 Lust at Sea 1986 as Britany Striker Lusty Layout 1986 Pumping Irene 1986 Rears 1986 New waitress Super Wrestling Sluts of Hollywood 1986 Super Sluts of Hollywood USA informal short title Takin' It to the Streets 1986 The Brat 1986 Gwen Brat International English title alternative title White Trash 1986 Drug dealer's wife Angel of the Night 1985 Hot Nights at the Blue Note Cafe 1985 The Blue Note Cafe USA alternative title Indecent Itch 1985 Gale Martin Late After Dark 1985 Lucky in Love 1985 Barmaid Sex Life of a Nerd USA video title Tailgunners 1985 as Britany Stryker Talk Dirty to Me One More Time 1985 Virgin Heat 1985 For Your Thighs Only 1984 Dark Chambers 2000 Astrid Rocks Deeper Vol 11 1998 Best of Nina Hartley 1993 Read My Lips No More Bush 1993 All That Glitters 1992 Bad Conduct 1992 The Backdoor Club 1992 2 of a Kind 2 1991 Any Port in the Storm 1991 Body Fire 1991 Dark Corners 1991 Fantasy World 1991 Favorite Endings 1991 Bruce Seven's Favorite Endings USA complete title Imagine 1991 Sins of Tami 1991 The Sins of Tami Monroe USA video box title Snatched to the Future 1991 Michelle Transparent Desires 1991 Amazing Tails 4 1990 Bimbo Bowlers from Boston 1990 Buns N' Roses 1990 Buns & Roses USA video box title Buns and Roses USA video box title Easy Pickin's 1990 Ginger Then and Now 1990 Girls Don't Lie 1990 Girls Gone Bad II The Breakout 1990 Nurse Erica I Said a Butt Light 1990 Night Trips II 1990 Only the Best of Barbara Dare 1990 Passion from Behind 1990 Pump It Up 1990 Tori Welles Exposed 1990 Where the Sun Never Shines 1990 Body Music 1989 Girls Gone Bad 1989 Nurse Head Lock 1989 Sharon Mitchell Non stop 1989 Skin Games 1989 The Wild Brat 1989 Show Stoppers 1988 Bionca on Fire 1988 Chicks in Black Leather 1988 Debbie Goes to Hawaii 1988 Diamond Collection Double X 14 1988 Dreams in the Forbidden Zone 1988 Flaming Tongues 2 1988 Girls Who Dig Girls 6 1988 Girls Who Dig Girls 8 1988 Honeybuns 2 Grecian Formula 1988 I Love You Molly Flynn 1988 Inches for Keisha 1988 Jamie Loves Jeff 1988 Jeff Loves Jamie USA alternative title Lez'be Friends 1988 Loose Ends IV The Ultimate Tail 1988 Linda Outrageous Orgies 2 1988 Outrageous Orgies 3 1988 Samantha I Love You 1988 Sex Asylum III 1988 Soul Kiss This 1988 Taste of the Best 1988 Tawnee Be Good 1988 The Eleventh Commandment 1988 The Screwdriver Saloon 1988 Viper's Place 1988 Oral Majority 3 The Lust Continues 1987 Narrator Jerome Tanner's Oral Majority 3 The Lust Continues USA complete title Adult Video Therapist 1987 Angel's Got to Have It 1987 Back to Back 1987 Barbara Dare Devours Men 1987 Barbara Dare's Prime Choice 1987 Barbara the Barbarian 1987 Ophiria Blazing Bedrooms 1987 Babs Born to Be Bad 1987 Diamond Head 1987 Erica Dr Blacklove 1987 Endzone 1987 Furburgers Home of the Box Lunch 1987 Girl Games 1987 Girls Who Dig Girls 3 1987 Hard Rockin' Babes 1987 Paula Hard to Handle 1987 Immoral Miss Teeze 1987 Miss Teeze Loose Ends III 1987 Mile High Girls 1987 Erica Rio Heat! 1987 Robofox 1987 Woman in club Star Cuts 49 Erica Boyer 1987 Star Cuts Erica Boyer Volume Nine 49 USA alternative title The Best Little Whorehouse in Hong Kong 1987 Unveiled 1987 Gentlemen Prefer Ginger 1986 Nancy Sheets of San Francisco 1986 Joy Sum Ting Aerobics Girls Club 1986 Carol Another Kind of Love 1986 An Unnatural Act Part II 1986 Elizabeth Backside to the Future 1986 Elizabeth Best Little Whorehouse in Beverly Hills 1986 Owner of whorehouse Black to the the Future 1986 Marilyn Mansfield Black to the Future USA video box title Cheerleader Academy 1986 Deep Inside Vanessa del Rio 1986 Evil Angel 1986 Lisa Funky Brewster 1986 Margaux Girl Toys 1986 Morgan Hannah Does Her Sisters 1986 Oral Majority 1986 Pumping Flesh 1986 Jay Jay Reckless Passion 1986 Seduction of Jennifer 1986 Sex Asylum II 1986 Sex Game 1986 Sexy Delights 1986 Slippery When Wet 1986 Driver's wife Star Cuts 33 Kari Foxx 1986 uncredited Hooker Star Cuts Kari Foxx Volume Six 33 USA alternative title The Autobiography of Herman Flogger 1986 The Debutante 1986/I The Devil in Miss Jones 4 The Final Outrage 1986 Schoolgirl Devil in Miss Jones Part 4 The Final Outrage USA video box title The Honeymooners 1986 The Performers 1986 Erica The Sex Dancer 1986 This Butt's for You 1986 Virgin Cheeks 1986 Liz Wet Science 1986 69 Park Avenue 1985 Wife 69 Park Ave USA video catalogue title Backdoor Babes 1985 Billy Blue Black Throat 1985 Oil Girl Dance Fever 1985 Erica Enchantress 1985 Flesh Fire 1985 Nurse Randolph Paul Lyons' Flesh Fire USA complete title Gang Bang 1985 2nd Biker Bar Chic Gang Bangs USA video box title Ginger on the Rocks 1985 Tom's Girlfriend Grand Opening 1985 Hard to Swallow 1985 Holly Holly Does Hollywood 1985 Hot Nights at the Blue Note Cafe 1985 The Blue Note Cafe USA alternative title Loose Ends 1985 Loose Ends II 1985 Linda Losing Control 1985 Midslumber's Night Dream 1985 Roschelle Naked Night 1985 Once Upon a Madonna 1985 Pipe Dreams 1985 Tailenders 1985 Tail Enders USA video title The Good Time Girls 1985 The Magic Touch 1985 The Night of the Headhunter 1985 Ebony The Pleasure Party 1985 Party Organizer White Bunbusters 1985 Every Woman Has a Fantasy 1984 Bonnie Before She Says 'I Do' 1984 Cagney & Stacey 1984 Cagney For Your Thighs Only 1984 Indecent Pleasures 1984 Lesbian Las Vegas Hustle 1984 Let's Get Physical 1984 Shelley Hyapatia Lee's Let's Get Physical USA complete title Modeling Studio 1984 Suzie The Modeling Studio USA video box title Nasty Lady 1984 Sex Performer Open Up Traci 1984 Palomino Heat 1984 Mary Whitingham Rear Action Girls 1984 Mandy Six Shave Tail 1984 Star 84 the Tina Marie Story 1984 Trading Partners 1984 The Prostitute Where the Girls Are 1984 Candy Starr X Factor 1984 1st Nurse Young Girls Do 1984 Erica Thompson Body Girls 1983 Shelley Coffee Tea or Me 1983 Erica Passion for Bondage 1983 Working It Out 1983 Randy Campus Capers 1982 Erica Sexloose 1982 uncredited Melinda Sex Loose USA video box title Aunt Peg's Fulfillment 1981 as Joanne McRay Erica Manhattan Mistress 1981 Angel Horny Temptress USA reissue title Cells of Passion 1981 Erica Boyer/Terri Sheffield Bighouse Babes USA reissue title Desire for Men 1981 Couple 2 Nothing to Hide 1981 Karenda Please Mr Postman 1981 Mary Skin on Skin 1981 Boutique Saleslady Girls U S A 1980 Hooker with Boat Captain Gym Coach in Bondage 1980 uncredited Erica female wrestling auditioner Beyond De Sade 1979 Never a Tender Moment 1979 as Carol Christy Erica Bee Carol Christy Sue Gantt Joanne McRay as R Bolla Francois Papillon John the gardener Rhonda Jo Petty Mrs Abbey Craig Roberts Sex Ed student/Male model Roxanne Rollan Sex Ed Student Candy Samples Herself Gina Valentino Sex Ed student Marc Wallice Timothy Heather Wayne Ron Jeremy sex porn video free porno girl nude girls tube xxx young hot teen com model sexy pics pussy models fucking videos lolitas fuck index dog gratis forum pictures phillipinesyoutube years ladies naked extreme fotos asian sex52sex underage torrent hairy vedio the pre animal photo foto rapidshare arab webboard live net ebony wild breast gone videw youtube thailahd tnaflix watch htm sexxy naruto indiasexx khuanniang celebrity nudes nude celeb celebrities porn naked celebritynudes free pics celebs sex lynn collins katrina nipple nudity famous bowden sexy hot celeberty nip female renee olstead news fake paparazzi photos nipples slip pictures Peter North Steve Drake Detective Michael Phillips Louise's Brother Gary Reed Pamela Jennings as Pam Nemmo Lynn Ray Jane Raven Debbie Northrup as Betty Blue Marc Wallice as Mark Wallice Bunny Bleu as Kim Warner Jerry Butler Craig Roberts as Greg Ruffner Blake Palmer as Blair Higgins Greg Derek David Sanders as Steve Dante Greg Rome Maria Daniels as Marie Daneils Susan Hart Suzie Athena Star Marc Wallice Joey Tom Byron Craig Roberts Raven David Cannon Christy Canyon Alice Gina Carrera Janet as Gina Carrerra Tom Byron Tom Peter North Janet's boyfriend 2 W O Williams The Angel as William Black Janey Robbins Jennifer Dino Alexander Pool Boy Marc Wallice Alice's stud Chanel Lindsay Miriam Dee Booher sweet ebony film posh caffaro cute catalina emmanuelle Susan Hart Suzi Cara Lott Sandy Morgan Paul Barresi Sid Rosen also as Paul Barreisi Eric Edwards Roy Harmon Paul Thomas Lt Mike Shaw Colleen Brennan Nancy Shaw as Colleen Brennen Tawny Mason Mai Lee Mike Motion Police Chief Peter North Party Guest Gina Carrera Party Guest Debbie Northrup Greg Rome Marc Wallice Craig Roberts Tom Byron milf nice tit simmons toe show jessica stockings amanda raquel horny patridge langton blonde tape public wild scandals star robbs stars playboy italian new topless movies spencer bikini forced mom you lesbian ftv bbs tvcom gerls www lolita child movies movie gallery picture and teens indian boy boys little wwwkhuanniangskgoth thai top old women gay woman russian pic actress ass female shemale Herself as Queen Kong Veronica Hart Dr Ruth Marc Wallice Man practicing with girl Raven Heather Thomas as Heather Adams Rene Tiffany Gina Carrera Harry Reems Lt Harry Parker Kristara Barrington Lily Chang as Kristina Barrington Ginger Lynn Allen Mandy Walker as Ginger Lynn Herschel Savage Charlie Wells as Hershel Savage
Man Del Lawrence Del Lawrence Train P senger Mitchell Lewis Mitchell Lewis McGuire Train Engineer George Magrill George Magrill Train P senger Wally Maher Wally Maher Man at Station Claire McDowell Claire McDowell Woman at Station Frances Morris Frances Morris Woman at Station Emory Parnell Emory Parnell Bob Lee Phelps Lee Phelps Train Engineer Miller Victor Potel Victor Potel Mr. Tompkins Mickey Rentschler Mickey Rentschler Curly Howard Curly Curly Larry Fine Larry Fine Larry Larry Moe Howard Moe Howard Moe Moe Christine McIntyre Christine McIntyre Rita Yolanda Robert Kellard Robert Kellard Black Louie Robert Stevens Vernon Dent Vernon Dent El Brendel Olaf Hansen Anne Jeffreys Anne Jeffreys Ivey Brown George J. Lewis George J. Lewis Bill Dykes Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Lynton Brent Lynton Brent Rex Bell Jerry Dunbar Ruth Mix Ruth Mix Mary Vance Buzz Barton Buzz Barton Danny Blake Philo McCullough Philo McCullough Don McGregor Ted Adams Ted Adams Alex McGregor Milburn Morante Milburn Morante Spud the traitor Melt Moranti Jack B ton Jack B ton Sheriff Lafe Lew Meehan Lew Meehan Les Daggett Fern Emmett Fern Emmett Aunt Lydia Willie Fung Willie Fung Camp Cook Mary Jane Irving Mary Jane Irving Sally Moore Chuck Morrison Chuck Morrison Jew's Harp Player Theodore Lorch Theodore Lorch Ross McGregor Mary Jo Ellis Mary Jo Ellis Jane McGregor Mary Joe Ellis Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Silver Tip Baker Silver Tip Baker Man at Dance Chuck Baldra Chuck Baldra Musician Barney Be ley Barney Be ley Man Who Shoots Jerry off Horse Ed Carey Ed Carey Cowhand William Desmond William Desmond Townsman Art Dillard Art Dillard Henchman Bill Hickey Bill Hickey Dance Emcee Higgins Jack Jones Jack Jones Banjo Player Jack King Jack King Henchman Tracy Layne Tracy Layne Henchman Eva McKenzie Eva McKenzie Townswoman Art Mix Art Mix Townsman Tex Palmer Tex Palmer Townsman Bill Patton Bill Patton Onion Peeler Rose Plumer Rose Plumer Woman at Dance Bud Pope Bud Pope Cowhand Francis Walker Francis Walker Henchman Slim Whitaker Slim Whitaker Henchman Kidnapper Heinie Conklin Heinie Conklin Kidnapper Bud Jamison Bud Jamison Pa Brown Ethelreda Leopold Ethelreda Leopold Girl in Restaurant Eva McKenzie Eva McKenzie Ma Brown Cy Schindell Cy Schindell Kidnapper Al Thompson Al Thompson Addled Man Victor Travers Victor Travers Kidnapper John Tyrrell John Tyrrell Kidnapper; Waiter Governor Dorothy DeHaven Dorothy DeHaven Chiquita Governor's Secretary Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Jack Hill Jack Hill Pirate Ethan Laidlaw Ethan Laidlaw Pirate Dirk Larry McGrath Larry McGrath Short Soldier Joe Palma Joe Palma Pirate Jack Jack Parker Jack Parker Tall Soldier Cy Schindell Cy Schindell Pirate Al Thompson Al Thompson Pirate Johnny Joe's Friend Marion Sheldon Marion Sheldon Train P senger Buster Slaven Buster Slaven Boy at Tree Marvin Stephens Marvin Stephens Frank Allen Harry Strang Harry Strang Army Officer Forrest Taylor Forrest Taylor Train P senger Al Thompson Al Thompson Man at Station Spencer Tracy Spencer Tracy Man Admiring Portrait of Thom A. Edison Frank Whitbeck Frank Whitbeck Narrator voice Joe Whitehead Joe Whitehead Mr. Hodge Restaurant Customer Dougl Spencer Dougl Spencer Actor in Theatre Group Larry Steers Larry Steers Restaurant Patron Diane Stewart Diane Stewart Customer Cigar Clerk Tommy Summers Tommy Summers Minor Role Harry Templeton Harry Templeton Newsman Marie Thom Marie Thom Showgirl Arthur Tovey Arthur Tovey Actor in Theatre Group Harland Tucker Harland Tucker Saunders Archie Twitchell Archie Twitchell Movie Patron in Trailer Herb Vigran Herb Vigran Movie Usher in Trailer Bobby Watson Bobby Watson Barney Stratum Joe Whitehead Joe Whitehead Building Manager Harry Depp Harry Depp Mary Jane Dolan Mary Jane Dolan Model Pearl Early Pearl Early Howard C. Hickman Howard C. Hickman Howard Hughes Howard Hughes Hilda Navarez Hilda Navarez Carmen Miranda Impersonator Tim Ryan Tim Ryan Rolfe Sedan Rolfe Sedan Bob Sáenz Bob Sáenz Charles Williams Charles Williams Clarence Wilson Clarence Wilson Sybil's Lawyer May Edgar Barrier Edgar Barrier Jeff Donnell Jeff Donnell Annie Roy Engel Roy Engel Manahan Frank Ferguson Frank Ferguson Lt. Ryan Duane Grey Duane Grey Jack Harden Jack Harden Linda Leighton Linda Leighton Marty John Qualen John Qualen Prospector Karen Sharpe Karen Sharpe Houseley Stevenson Houseley Stevenson Charles Irene Vernon Irene Vernon Charles Williams Charles Williams Doctor Ila Rhodes Ila Rhodes Secretary John Ridgely John Ridgely Man Making Crack About Judith Speirs Ruskell Speirs Ruskell Henry Curtiss Dr. Steele's sistant Cliff Saum Cliff Saum Moving Man Jeffrey Sayre Jeffrey Sayre Doctor Amzie Strickland Amzie Strickland Judith's Friend Rosella Towne Rosella Towne Girl in Box William Worthington William Worthington Specialist Maris Wrixon Maris Wrixon Judith's Friend Nurse Maidel Turner Maidel Turner Mrs. Martin Monte Vandergrift Monte Vandergrift Laborer Frederick Vogeding Frederick Vogeding Doctor Walter Walker Walter Walker Nichol Merrick Harry Watson Harry Watson Boy Lillian West Lillian West Nurse Andy White Andy White Photographer Carol Wines Carol Wines Nurse Leah Winslow Leah Winslow Woman on Boat William Worthington William Worthington Man on Boat Relative Joe Torillo Joe Torillo Newsboy Fred Trowbridge Fred Trowbridge Relative Emmett Vogan Emmett Vogan Gangster Theodore von Eltz Theodore von Eltz Federal Man Max Wagner Max Wagner Reporter Lloyd Whitlock Lloyd Whitlock G Man Frank Whitson Frank Whitson Relative Jay Wilsey Jay Wilsey Cop Eric Wilton Eric Wilton Butler Leah Winslow Leah Winslow Relative Factory Foreman Chuck Hamilton Chuck Hamilton Police Driver Charles Murphy Charles Murphy Foreman Bob Reeves Bob Reeves Policeman Photographer Gayne Whitman Gayne Whitman Theatre Manager Billy Wilkerson Billy Wilkerson Indian at Party Guy Wilkerson Guy Wilkerson Townsman Tom Wilson Tom Wilson Stagehand in Wings Henchman Archie Ricks Archie Ricks Henchman Blackie Whiteford Blackie Whiteford Henchman Mr. Worsford Haddon M on Haddon M on Dr. Blake David Nichol David Nichol Gerald Armitage Elliott Seabrooke Elliott Seabrooke Derrick Beckett Bould Philpotts Rosalyn Boulter Rosalyn Boulter E. Holman Clark Mr. Marrapit Eileen Dennes Eileen Dennes Mary Humfray Evan Thom Evan Thom George Denis Cowles Denis Cowles Beatriz Michelena Lily Folinsbee Frederick Lewis Frederick Lewis Joe Andrew Robson Andrew Robson Jack Hamlin D. Mitsor D. Mitsor Sanchez Clarence Arper Clarence Arper Col. Starbottle Nat Snyder Nat Snyder John Folinsbee Clara Beyers Clara Beyers Dolores James Leslie James Leslie The Desperado Nina Herbert Nina Herbert Lily's Mother Frank Hollins Frank Hollins Truthful James Bill Wyvern Reginald Bach Reginald Bach Bob Chater Gwynne Herbert Gwynne Herbert Mrs. Major John MacAndrews John MacAndrews Fletcher Winifred Sadler Winifred Sadler Mrs. Chater Frederick Lewis Frederick Lewis Vyvian Howard Joyce Deane Leslie Bradley Leslie Bradley Peter Hurst Kenneth Buckley Kenneth Buckley Arthur Marsh Robert Field Robert Field Des Voeux Aubrey Mallalieu Aubrey Mallalieu Bellamy Wally Patch Wally Patch Sergeant Yerbury Elliott Seabrooke Elliott Seabrooke Mr. Sulgrave Sally Stewart Sally Stewart George Houston Tom Cameron The Lone Rider Al St. John Al St. John Fuzzy Jones Al 'Fuzzy' St. John Dennis Moore Dennis Moore Sheriff Smoky Moore Dennis 'Smoky' Moore Wanda McKay Wanda McKay Kate Stewart Claire Rochelle Claire Rochelle Nora Gilpin Arch Hall Sr. Arch Hall Sr. Fake Padre Tremmer Slim Whitaker Slim Whitaker Rancher Huxley Edward Peil Sr. Edward Peil Sr. Ed Hannigan cattle theft victim Karl Hackett Karl Hackett Jack Stewart Julian Rivero Julian Rivero Padre José Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Horace B. Carpenter Horace B. Carpenter Conway Tearle Jim Stafford Barbara Bedford Barbara Bedford Mona Cartier Alberta Dugan Alberta Dugan Carole Cartier Fred Malatesta Fred Malatesta Nick Zellini Betty Mack Betty Mack Bunny Stafford Dirk Thane Dirk Thane Bob Steele Curley Thompson Syd Saylor Syd Saylor Sam Hawkins I. Stanford Jolley I. Stanford Jolley Hatch Bolton Lorraine Miller Lorraine Miller Alice Rhodes Charles King Charles King Henchman Al Craig John L. C on John L. C on Doug McClure Tramp s James Drury James Drury The Virginian s Lee J. Cobb Lee J. Cobb Judge Henry Garth s Sara Lane Sara Lane Elizabeth Grainger s Clu Gulager Clu Gulager Emmett Ryker s Randy Boone Randy Boone Randy Benton s Roberta Shore Roberta Shore Betsy Garth s John McIntire John McIntire Clay Grainger s Gary Clarke Gary Clarke Steve Hill s Ross Elliott Ross Elliott Sheriff Mark Abbott s Don Quine Don Quine Stacey Grainger s Harper Flaherty Harper Flaherty Harper s Charles Bickford Charles Bickford John Grainger s Diane Roter Diane Roter Jennifer Sommers s David Hartman David Hartman David Sutton s Jeanette Nolan Jeanette Nolan Holly Grainger s L.Q. Jones L.Q. Jones Belden s Frank Sully Frank Sully Danny s Stewart Granger Stewart Granger Col. Alan MacKenzie s Tim Matheson Tim Matheson Jim Horn s Lee Majors Lee Majors Roy Tate s John Bryant John Bryant Dr. Spaulding s Roy Engel Roy Engel Barney Wingate s Stuart Nisbet Stuart Nisbet Bartender s Dick Shane Dick Shane Dick s Sam Edwards Sam Edwards Hotel Clerk s Mark Tapscott Mark Tapscott Blacksmith s Russell Thorson Russell Thorson Sheriff Stan Evans s Lew Brown Lew Brown Dink s Jean Peloquin Jean Peloquin Jean s Dennis McCarthy Dennis McCarthy Editor s Edward Faulkner Edward Faulkner Proctor s Ed Prentiss Ed Prentiss Carl Jensen s Pitt Herbert Pitt Herbert Telegrapher s Bing Russell Bing Russell Donovan s Myron Healey Myron Healey nd Drifter s Gregg Palmer Gregg Palmer st Cowhand s Stephen Coit Stephen Coit Station M ter s Jimmy Lee Cook Jimmy Lee Cook Jimmy Lee s John Harmon John Harmon Auctioneer s Walter Woolf King Walter Woolf King Judge s Don Wilbanks Don Wilbanks Appleby s Norman Leavitt Norman Leavitt Storekeeper s Dee Carroll Dee Carroll Wife s Ollie O'Toole Ollie O'Toole sayer s William Fawcett William Fawcett Hostler s Robert Williams Robert Williams Cattle Buyer s John Mitchum John Mitchum Bartender s Don 'Red' Barry Don 'Red' Barry Carstairs s Paul Comi Paul Comi Brad Carter s Cal Bartlett Cal Bartlett st Cowhand s Chuck Courtney Chuck Courtney Blake s Leonard P. Geer Leonard P. Geer st Outlaw s John Dehner John Dehner Morgan Starr s Ford Rainey Ford Rainey Amos Wardlow s Barbara Werle Barbara Werle Betty s Karl Swenson Karl Swenson Ben Wallace s John McLiam John McLiam Parker s Harlan Warde Harlan Warde Sheriff John Brannan s E.J. André E.J. André Trail Cook s Hal Baylor Hal Baylor st Miner s Quintin Sondergaard Quintin Sondergaard st Thug s Jimmy Joyce Jimmy Joyce Buffalo Herald Editor s Tim Graham Tim Graham Bystander s Harry Harvey Harry Harvey Bartender s Stuart Randall Stuart Randall Auctioneer s Mike Ragan Mike Ragan Avery s Pippa Scott Pippa Scott Molly Wood s Michael Burns Michael Burns Bobby Crayton s John Anderson John Anderson Adam Tercell s Tom Skerritt Tom Skerritt Billy Landers s John Milford John Milford Burke s Brendan Dillon Brendan Dillon Mr. Bemis s Ken Lynch Ken Lynch Big Jim Todd s Harry Lauter Harry Lauter Capt. Sam Harris s John Pickard John Pickard Charlie Hobkins s Rex Holman Rex Holman Buck s William Phipps William Phipps Hank s Harold Gould Harold Gould Adam Pendleton s Boyd Stockman Boyd Stockman Stagecoach Driver s Clyde Howdy Clyde Howdy Cattle Buyer s John Cliff John Cliff Bounty Hunter s Victor Jory Victor Jory Luke Nichols s Harold J. Stone Harold J. Stone Adam Southcort s Leslie Nielsen Leslie Nielsen Ben Stratton s Andrew Prine Andrew Prine Brett Benton s Royal Dano Royal Dano Dan Molder s Jan Shepard Jan Shepard Claire s William Smith William Smith Andy Adams s Steve Carlson Steve Carlson Bud McLister s Sandy Kenyon Sandy Kenyon Ben Robbins s Berkeley Harris Berkeley Harris Arnold 'Crouch' Hudkins s Ron Soble Ron Soble Deputy Royal Wainwright s Ann Doran Ann Doran Annie Thom s William Bramley William Bramley Arnold Bowden s Brad Weston Brad Weston Ben s Paul Birch Paul Birch Ben Carter s Walter Reed Walter Reed Caleb s Larry J. Blake Larry J. Blake Barker s John Hoyt John Hoyt John Weston s Richard Garland Richard Garland Deputy s Tol Avery Tol Avery Coroner s Shug Fisher Shug Fisher Desk Clerk s K.L. Smith K.L. Smith Bartender s John Zaremba John Zaremba Mayor s Jackie Russell Jackie Russell Saloon Girl s Warren Hammack Warren Hammack Gil Blinns s Med Flory Med Flory st Drifter s David McMahon David McMahon Conductor s Dan White Dan White Baggage Man s Ron Burke Ron Burke Cowhand s Clay Tanner Clay Tanner Baggage Man s Paul Carr Paul Carr Frank Hodges s Bill Zuckert Bill Zuckert Bernie s Charles Seel Charles Seel Cafferty Cook s Henry Hunter Henry Hunter Banker s Hal Needham Hal Needham Bounty Hunter s Barry Cahill Barry Cahill Bartender s Laurie Mitchell Laurie Mitchell Waitress s Fred Carson Fred Carson Cowhand s Ted Jordan Ted Jordan Bank Teller s William Windom William Windom Arthur Blanton s James Gregory James Gregory Cal Young s Albert Salmi Albert Salmi Corporal C.T. Smoot s Susan Oliver Susan Oliver Alice Barnes s Tom Tryon Tom Tryon Andrew Hiller s Chris Robinson Chris Robinson Arnie Hendricks s Brenda Scott Brenda Scott Abby Keefer s James Whitmore James Whitmore Capt. Piper Pritican s Linden Chiles Linden Chiles Ben Fancher s Peter Mark Richman Peter Mark Richman Al Keets s Skip Homeier Skip Homeier Callan s Joanna Moore Joanna Moore Carol Fisk s Peter Whitney Peter Whitney Ansel Miller s John Doucette John Doucette Arthur Willis s Lonny Chapman Lonny Chapman Carl Luther s John Larch John Larch Ben Hicks s Joan Freeman Joan Freeman Caroline Witman s Edward Binns Edward Binns Colonel John Briscoe s Steve Ihnat Steve Ihnat Four Eyes s Dick Foran Dick Foran Adam Burnside s Tim McIntire Tim McIntire John Wesley Hardin s Katherine Crawford Katherine Crawford Alice Lawford s Ben Johnson Ben Johnson Jed Cooper s Robert F. Simon Robert F. Simon Ben Wainwright s Robert Pine Robert Pine Corporal Maron s John Lupton John Lupton Floyd Ramon s John Kellogg John Kellogg Mel Dover s Michael Forest Michael Forest Cavalry Lieutenant s Shelly Novack Shelly Novack Dean Miley s Russ Conway Russ Conway Charley Cousins s Kelly Thordsen Kelly Thordsen Amos Coe s Ed Peck Ed Peck Ben Clayton s Parley Baer Parley Baer Henderson s Jean Inness Jean Inness Clarissa McCloud s Kenneth Tobey Kenneth Tobey Joe Pierce s Richard Devon Richard Devon Arthur Faber s Virginia Christine Virginia Christine Judith Briscoe s Warren Oates Warren Oates Bowers s Richard Van Vleet Richard Van Vleet Cowboy s Virginia Gregg Virginia Gregg Hattie McLain s Terry Wilson Terry Wilson Jimmy s Gilbert Green Gilbert Green Judge Porter s Ken Swofford Ken Swofford Seth Pettit s Harry Swoger Harry Swoger Mr. Markle s Than Wyenn Than Wyenn Blacksmith s Hal Bokar Hal Bokar rd Card Player s Jon Locke Jon Locke st Man s Richard Reeves Richard Reeves Jake Grohs s Ken Mayer Ken Mayer Deputy Clay Friendly s Bobs Watson Bobs Watson Hotel Clerk s Ben Wright Ben Wright Desk Clerk s Steve Raines Steve Raines Carlson s Buck Young Buck Young Carter Reed s Russ Bender Russ Bender Bartender s Kay Stewart Kay Stewart Martha Landeen s Bill Quinn Bill Quinn Doctor Stanton s Joseph Mell Joseph Mell Bartender s Austin Green Austin Green Baliff s Robert Karnes Robert Karnes Hendricks s Vince Williams Vince Williams st Reporter s Dean Harens Dean Harens Minister s Jan Stine Jan Stine Eddie s Tyler McVey Tyler McVey Gillman s Boyd 'Red' Morgan Boyd 'Red' Morgan Brawler s Charlie Briggs Charlie Briggs Hank Stram s John Daheim John Daheim Bard Arden s Jonathan Hole Jonathan Hole Hotel Clerk s Alex Sharp Alex Sharp Buck s Bill Catching Bill Catching nd Outlaw s Anthony Jochim Anthony Jochim st Poker Player s Dee Cooper Dee Cooper Townsman s Ricardo Montalban Ricardo Montalban Enrique Cuellar s Vera Miles Vera Miles Amelia Ballard s Diane Baker Diane Baker Julie Oakes s Fabian Fabian Charlie Ryan s John Saxon John Saxon Ben Oakes s Brandon De Wilde Brandon De Wilde James 'Mike Flynn' Cafferty s Robert Lansing Robert Lansing George Calhoun s Lloyd Nolan Lloyd Nolan Abe Clayton s Leif Erickson Leif Erickson Bill King s Joseph Campanella Joseph Campanella Corbett s Michael Constantine Michael Constantine John Halstead s Frank Overton Frank Overton Mr. Umber s Peter Brown Peter Brown Chad Cooper s Noah Beery Jr. Noah Beery Jr. Ed Simpson s Bert Freed Bert Freed Col. Harmon s Arch Johnson Arch Johnson Charles Daniels s David Macklin David Macklin Eddie Tighe s David McLean David McLean Burt Adams s Paul Fix Paul Fix Arnold Boyle s Tom Simcox Tom Simcox Chris Antlow s Jay C. Flippen Jay C. Flippen a Keogh s Jill Donohue Jill Donohue Barbara s Gene Evans Gene Evans Blanchard s James Brown James Brown Lou Seb tian s Slim Pickens Slim Pickens Hogy s George Kennedy George Kennedy Huck Harkness s Don Stroud Don Stroud Cate s Kiel Martin Kiel Martin Cal Dorsey s Lawrence Dane Lawrence Dane Frenchman s Kevin Hagen Kevin Hagen Albert Morgan s Leonard Nimoy Leonard Nimoy Benjamin Frome s Bruce Dern Bruce Dern Bert Kramer s Hugh Beaumont Hugh Beaumont Charles Martin s William Mims William Mims Harley Cole s Simon Scott Simon Scott District Attorney s Sean McClory Sean McClory Cobb s Robert Colbert Robert Colbert Gordon W. Madden s Buck Taylor Buck Taylor Deputy Plumb s Bill Fletcher Bill Fletcher Greer s Lorraine Gary Lorraine Gary Laura s Eric Christm Eric Christm Parker s Joe Maross Joe Maross Buck Stargil s J. Pat O'Malley J. Pat O'Malley Charlie Dell s Monica Lewis Monica Lewis Connie Wells s H.M. Wynant H.M. Wynant Dalton Lacey s Robert Brubaker Robert Brubaker Charlie Trent s Dougl Henderson Dougl Henderson Ben Cooper s Michael Stanwood Michael Stanwood Deputy s Anthony Caruso Anthony Caruso Matthew Keller s Wesley Lau Wesley Lau Hoyt s Alan Baxter Alan Baxter Ben Thom s Judson Pratt Judson Pratt Harry s Jim Boles Jim Boles Farmer s James Beck James Beck Dink Gar s Whit Bissell Whit Bissell Andrew C s s Harry Hickox Harry Hickox Bill Manders s Leo Gordon Leo Gordon Big Jim Lafferty s Noah Keen Noah Keen Arnold Page s Arthur Hunnicutt Arthur Hunnicutt J.D. Drover s Jocelyn Brando Jocelyn Brando Ida Martin s Warren Stevens Warren Stevens Paul Carson s Clint Howard Clint Howard Manuel s The Irish Rovers The Irish Rovers Themselves s Arnold Lessing Arnold Lessing Mickey s George Wallace George Wallace Dixon s Barry Kelley Barry Kelley Commissioner Todd s Richard LePore Richard LePore Cally s Ken Renard Ken Renard Chief Iron Hands s Christopher Dark Christopher Dark Benny Caboose s Quinn K. Redeker Quinn K. Redeker Benjy Davis s Morgan Woodward Morgan Woodward Col. Mark Hamilton s Willard Sage Willard Sage Barrows s Kay E. Kuter Kay E. Kuter Jonah Sills s Mort Mills Mort Mills Bert Devlin s Bartlett Robinson Bartlett Robinson Beaumont s Walter Coy Walter Coy Bartender s Michael Bow Michael Bow Andy s Michael M ters Michael M ters Dawkins s Raymond Guth Raymond Guth Carley s Alvy Moore Alvy Moore nd Man s Michael Macready Michael Macready Curly s Eddie Little Sky Eddie Little Sky Cut Knife s Jon Lormer Jon Lormer Doctor s Stacy Harris Stacy Harris Gambler s Helen Kleeb Helen Kleeb Mrs. Howard s Don Stewart Don Stewart Kern s Don Keefer Don Keefer Ross Tedler s Ross Hagen Ross Hagen B sett s Robert P. Lieb Robert P. Lieb Carnahan s Jeff Scott Jeff Scott Deputy Cal Brown s Audrey Swanson Audrey Swanson Mrs. Wingate s Bobby Buntrock Bobby Buntrock Andrew s Gail Bonney Gail Bonney Farm Woman s Elizabeth Harrower Elizabeth Harrower Mrs. Crandall s William Tannen William Tannen Bartender s James Nusser James Nusser Bank Clerk s Tom Middleton Tom Middleton Bert s William Boyett William Boyett Cadwell s Barry Brooks Barry Brooks Conductor s Ray Montgomery Ray Montgomery Businessman s Bob Kline Bob Kline Bartender s Frances Morris Frances Morris Landlady s Russ Whiteman Russ Whiteman nd Rancher s Bud Perkins Bud Perkins Banker s Stephen Price Stephen Price Jonathan Marden s Art Stewart Art Stewart st Homesteader s David Farrow David Farrow st Player s X Brands X Brands Commanche Lookout s Michael Vandever Michael Vandever Chee Phillips s John Litel John Litel Finley s Michael Fox Michael Fox Coroner s Charles Fredericks Charles Fredericks Bartender s Pete Kellett Pete Kellett Bartender s Francis De Sales Francis De Sales Dave McCoy s Barry Sullivan Barry Sullivan Frank Dawson s Aldo Ray Aldo Ray Frank Krause s Yvonne De Carlo Yvonne De Carlo Helen Haldeman aka Elena s Jane Wyatt Jane Wyatt Mrs. Lori Kinkaid s Susan Str berg Susan Str berg Clara Hansch s Burgess Meredith Burgess Meredith Muley s Joseph Cotten Joseph Cotten Judge Hobbs s Anthony Franciosa Anthony Franciosa Kordick s Jack Warden Jack Warden John Conway s Bradford Dillman Bradford Dillman Deke Slaughter s Howard Duff Howard Duff Ed Frazer s Madlyn Rhue Madlyn Rhue Frankie Grace s Steve Forrest Steve Forrest James Templeton s Darren McGavin Darren McGavin Mark Troxel s Ed Begley Ed Begley Micah Ellis s Sheree North Sheree North Della Saunders s Jeremy Slate Jeremy Slate Benton s Bethel Leslie Bethel Leslie Catherine Cantrell s Peter Breck Peter Breck Jess Carver s John Agar John Agar Joe Williams s Richard Carlson Richard Carlson Major Ralph Forrester s William Shatner William Shatner Henry Swann s Martin Milner Martin Milner C e s James Farentino James Farentino Frank Colby s Debbie Watson Debbie Watson Eileen Linden s James Daly James Daly Dan Sheppard s Pete Duel Pete Duel Denny Todd s E.G. Marshall E.G. Marshall Judge Carver s Shirley Knight Shirley Knight Clara Malone s Stephen McNally Stephen McNally Gus Muller s Anne Francis Anne Francis Myra Greenc tle s Anne Helm Anne Helm Janet Hale s Strother Martin Strother Martin Finley s Charles Bronson Charles Bronson Ben Justin s Michael Ansara Michael Ansara Marshall Merle Frome s Richard Beymer Richard Beymer Frank Colter s Simon Oakland Simon Oakland Bob Coulter s Pernell Roberts Pernell Roberts Jim Boyer Sr. s Robert Fuller Robert Fuller Carl Ellis s Burr DeBenning Burr DeBenning J on Crowder s Jack Albertson Jack Albertson Billy 'Moose' Valentine s Charles Drake Charles Drake Milo Cantrell s Claude Akins Claude Akins Hezekiah s Jim McMullan Jim McMullan Jess Kroeger s Geraldine Brooks Geraldine Brooks Della Price s R.G. Armstrong R.G. Armstrong Ben Winters s Philip Carey Philip Carey Captain Edward Parmalee s Pat O'Brien Pat O'Brien Doc Bigelow s Mariette Hartley Mariette Hartley Kate Andrews s Lois Nettleton Lois Nettleton Mary Justin s Cloris Leachman Cloris Leachman Clara s Scott Brady Scott Brady Dolby s John Smith John Smith Caine Ellis s Alan Hale Jr. Alan Hale Jr. Sam Donner s Don Galloway Don Galloway Jack Henderson s DeForest Kelley DeForest Kelley Ben Tully s Lisabeth Hush Lisabeth Hush Judith Hiller s Brooke Bundy Brooke Bundy Jenny s Don Hanmer Don Hanmer Gentry s Ruta Lee Ruta Lee Jane Carlyle s Ron Russell Ron Russell Lemoine Carlson s Lloyd Bochner Lloyd Bochner Abel Wilks s Audrey Totter Audrey Totter Audry s Kevin Coughlin Kevin Coughlin Dan Burden s Michael Conrad Michael Conrad John White s Jo Ann Harris Jo Ann Harris Amanda Benson s Steve Sandor Steve Sandor Billy White s Larry Pennell Larry Pennell Carl Rand s Robert J. Wilke Robert J. Wilke Colton s Neville Brand Neville Brand Reese Bennett s Davey Davison Davey Davison Jenny Larkin s Jim Davis Jim Davis McKinley s Don Knight Don Knight Cal Hobson s Murray MacLeod Murray MacLeod Lorne Buchanan s Charles Aidman Charles Aidman Sam Hicks s Woodrow Parfrey Woodrow Parfrey Hobie Simpson s Tom Reese Tom Reese Hans Wollsack s Michael Pate Michael Pate Alf s George Brenlin George Brenlin Lembeck s Pamela Austin Pamela Austin Donna s Ida Lupino Ida Lupino Helen Blaine s Rees Vaughn Rees Vaughn Kevin Tyrone s Hugh Marlowe Hugh Marlowe Clay Billings s Jan Merlin Jan Merlin Reese s Robert Random Robert Random Jeremy Sheppard s Pilar Seurat Pilar Seurat Hapamawa s Andy Devine Andy Devine Amos Tyke s Diana Muldaur Diana Muldaur Laura Messinger s Lee Kroeger Lee Kroeger Janie Buell s Pamela McMyler Pamela McMyler Ellie Bishop s Warren J. Kemmerling Warren J. Kemmerling Frank Benteen s Carlos Romero Carlos Romero Pedro s Ann Prentiss Ann Prentiss Geneviève Bujold Élisabeth Richard Jordan Richard Jordan Georges Nelson Marcel Cuvelier Marcel Cuvelier Jérôme Philippe Léotard Philippe Léotard Antoine Suzie Baillargeon Suzie Baillargeon Aurélie Huguette Oligny Huguette Oligny La mère d'Élisabeth Janine Sutto Janine Sutto Tante Olivette Thibault Olivette Thibault Tante Marie Fresnières Marie Fresnières Tante Camille Bernard Camille Bernard La mère d'Antoine Colette Cortois Colette Cortois Florida Gigi Duckett Gigi Duckett Anne Marie Marcel Marineau Marcel Marineau Greffier médecin Len Watt Len Watt Le gouverneur Rita Lafontaine Rita Lafontaine Une servante André Cailloux André Cailloux Ernest Émile Genest Émile Genest Aubergiste Françoise Berd Françoise Berd Sa femme Gilles Latulippe Gilles Latulippe Clermont Denise Proulx Denise Proulx Victoire Serge L'Italien Serge L'Italien sistant roux Jean Louis Paris Jean Louis Paris Paul Hus Alexandre Gauvreau Alexandre Gauvreau Le prêtre Yan Barcelo Yan Barcelo Yvon Barrette Yvon Barrette Marie Thérèse Beaulieu Marie Thérèse Beaulieu Dame au thé Gaétane Bélanger Gaétane Bélanger Monique Bélisle Monique Bélisle La fille qui rit Germaine Bougie Germaine Bougie Yolande Bourguignon Yolande Bourguignon Dominique Brunet Dominique Brunet Jean Brunet Jean Brunet Lyne Champagne Lyne Champagne Line Champagne Monique Champagne Monique Champagne L'hotesse à St Ours Anne Marie Ducharme Anne Marie Ducharme Dame au thé Nini Durand Nini Durand J. Léo Gagnon J. Léo Gagnon J. Léo Gagnon Pat Gagnon Pat Gagnon Claude Gai Claude Gai Amulette Garneau Amulette Garneau Paul Gauthier Paul Gauthier Paul Gélin Paul Gélin Nettie Harris Nettie Harris Esther Auger Isabelle Reynald Bouchard Reynald Bouchard Gérard Bessette Pierre Curzi Pierre Curzi Sylvie Léonard Geneviève St Louis Béatrice Picard Béatrice Picard Aline St Louis Rémi Pierre Paquin Rémi Pierre Paquin Pierre Alexandre Langlois Marc Messier Marc Messier Jacques Dumais Marcel Sabourin Marcel Sabourin Claude Longevin Sophie Cadieux Sophie Cadieux Chantal Vincent Leclerc Vincent Leclerc Jean Françoise Longevin Isabelle Cyr Isabelle Cyr Jeune fonctionnaire Paolo Noël Paolo Noël Johnny Magalie Lépine Blondeau Magalie Lépine Blondeau Stéphanie animtrice télé Mahée Paiement Mahée Paiement Lili réalisatrice Marie Christine Pereault Marie Christine Pereault Directrice centre d'accueil Pierre Mailloux Pierre Mailloux Raymond huissier Thiéry Dubé Thiéry Dubé Huissier avec Raymond Thiery Dubé Davy Boisvert Davy Boisvert MC Danny Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Alexy Ald Alexy Ald Dancer France C tel France C tel Marie Deslonchamps Marie Deslonchamps Dancer Diana Diaz Diana Diaz Dancer Tamara Dupuis Tamara Dupuis Dancer Julia Gutsik Julia Gutsik Dancer André Nichol Malouf André Nichol Malouf Dominique Michel Various s Patrice L'Ecuyer Patrice L'Ecuyer Various s Yves Jacques Yves Jacques Various s Pauline Martin Pauline Martin Various s André Dubois André Dubois Various s Michel Desrochers Michel Desrochers Various s Marc Messier Marc Messier Various s Véronique Cloutier Véronique Cloutier Various s Benoît Marleau Benoît Marleau Various s Jean Guy Moreau Jean Guy Moreau Various s Michel Côté Michel Côté Various s Michèle Deslauriers Michèle Deslauriers Various s Joël Legendre Joël Legendre Various s Jean François Mercier Jean François Mercier Capitaine Y Bock s Guy A. 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Paquette Robert J.A. Paquette Various Ghyslain Tremblay Ghyslain Tremblay Various Jean Besré Jean Besré Various Rémy Girard Rémy Girard Various Rose Ouellette Rose Ouellette Various Paul Houde Paul Houde Various Suzanne Champagne Suzanne Champagne Various Patrick Bourgeois Patrick Bourgeois B.B. François Jean François Jean B.B. Alain Lapointe Alain Lapointe B.B. Julie M se Julie M se Various Marina Orsini Marina Orsini Various Bernard Fortin Bernard Fortin Various Sylvie Frechette Sylvie Frechette Various Luc Guérin Luc Guérin Various Stéphane F. Jacques Stéphane F. Jacques Various Guy Jodoin Guy Jodoin Various Guylaine Tremblay Guylaine Tremblay Various Rodger Brulotte Rodger Brulotte Himself P cale Bussières P cale Bussières Various Jacques Demers Jacques Demers Himself Pierre Pagé Pierre Pagé Himself Jean Luc Br sard Jean Luc Br sard Himself Patrick Norman Patrick Norman Himself Marie Lise Pilote Marie Lise Pilote Various Yvon Deschamps Yvon Deschamps Various François Léveillé François Léveillé Various Joseph Antaki Joseph Antaki Arab tourist Heroutyville Valérie Blais Valérie Blais Valérie Cabana Valérie Cabana Andrée Chalifour Andrée Chalifour Michel Olivier Girard Michel Olivier Girard Reda Guerinik Reda Guerinik Pierre Luc Lafontaine Pierre Luc Lafontaine Mariane Lalumière Mariane Lalumière Sofi Lambert Sofi Lambert Raphaël Landry Raphaël Landry Johanne Loiselle Johanne Loiselle Philomène Lévesque Rainville Philomène Lévesque Rainville Jojo Marangola Jojo Marangola Pier Olivier Paquet Pier Olivier Paquet Nicol Paulhus Nicol Paulhus Marie des Neiges Poliquin Marie des Neiges Poliquin Caroline Roberge Caroline Roberge Kim T chereau Kim T chereau Dany Turcotte Dany Turcotte Various Seb tien Beaulac Seb tien Beaulac Soeur Angèle Soeur Angèle Janette Bertrand Janette Bertrand Emmanuel Bilodeau Emmanuel Bilodeau Genviève Borne Genviève Borne Simon Boudreault Simon Boudreault Christian Bégin Christian Bégin Patrice Bélanger Patrice Bélanger Marie Chantal Cadieux Marie Chantal Cadieux Paul Cagelet Paul Cagelet Julie Couillard Julie Couillard Jean Philippe Cuerrier Jean Philippe Cuerrier Gustavo Alves Dafonte Gustavo Alves Dafonte Alexandre Despatie Alexandre Despatie Roy Dupuis Roy Dupuis Edgar Fruitier Edgar Fruitier Cathy Gauthier Cathy Gauthier Stéphane Gentilini Stéphane Gentilini Catherine Girard Catherine Girard José Godet José Godet Guylaine Guay Guylaine Guay Gilles Julien Gilles Julien Bob La Cuillière Bob La Cuillière Evelyne Laforest Evelyne Laforest Dominique Lajeunesse Dominique Lajeunesse Pierre Lapointe Pierre Lapointe Pierre François Legendre Pierre François Legendre Guillaume Lemay Thivierge Guillaume Lemay Thivierge Michel Louvain Michel Louvain François Maranda François Maranda Sylvain Marcel Sylvain Marcel Byron Mikaloff Byron Mikaloff Sylvie Moreau Sylvie Moreau Alex Morrissette Alex Morrissette Fred Pellerin Fred Pellerin Alex Perron Alex Perron Chantal Petitclerc Chantal Petitclerc Béatrice Picard Béatrice Picard Christian Roberge Christian Roberge Alpha Rococo Alpha Rococo Sharlene Royer Sharlene Royer Xiao Sun Xiao Sun Beautiful Girl in Chinatown Mario Tessier Mario Tessier Marie Élaine Thibert Marie Élaine Thibert Charles Tisseyre Charles Tisseyre Richard Turcotte Richard Turcotte Tammy Verge Tammy Verge Annie Villeneuve Annie Villeneuve Antoine Vézina Antoine Vézina Frédéric Y sine Frédéric Y sine P cal Yiacouvakis P cal Yiacouvakis Stéphan Côté Stéphan Côté Fonctionnaire pour le G Michel Daigle Michel Daigle Martin Deschamps Martin Deschamps Jonathan Duhamel Jonathan Duhamel Caroline Gervais Caroline Gervais Kim Gingr Kim Gingr Marc Hervieux Marc Hervieux Pierre Hébert Pierre Hébert Ariane Jeudy Ariane Jeudy Herself Philippe Laprise Philippe Laprise Sienna Mazzone Sienna Mazzone Herself Messmer Messmer Messmer Messmer Himself Viridiana Bustos Mora Viridiana Bustos Mora Herself Joannie Rochette Joannie Rochette Manon Saint Laurent Manon Saint Laurent Herself Manon St Laurent Manon St Laurent Shana Troy Shana Troy Karine Van se Karine Van se Herself Photographe Shirley Marquis Shirley Marquis Dancer Maxime Mensah Maxime Mensah Dancer Viridiana Bustos Mora Viridiana Bustos Mora Dancer Élodie Murciano Élodie Murciano Dancer Claudine Olivier Claudine Olivier Dancer Livia Pellerin Livia Pellerin Dancer Pamela Schneider Pamela Schneider Dancer Yvon J. Léo Gagnon J. Léo Gagnon Léo Claude Jutra Claude Jutra Doctor Willie Lamothe Willie Lamothe Marthe Nadeau Marthe Nadeau Marthe Marcel Sabourin Marcel Sabourin Robert Bessette Madeleine Langlois Madeleine Langlois Priscilla Lapointe Priscilla Lapointe Yvon Leroux Yvon Leroux Le policier Jean Mathieu Jean Mathieu Michel Milleret Michel Milleret Barbara Ulrich Barbara Claude Godbout Claude Godbout Claude Manon Blain Manon Blain Manon J'sais p qui Véronique Vilbert Véronique Vilbert Véronique Jean Paul Bernier Jean Paul Bernier Jean Paul André Leblanc André Leblanc Toulouse Paul Marie Lapointe Paul Marie Lapointe Messieurs ont joué trois personnages Jean V. Dufresne Jean V. Dufresne Messieurs ont joué trois personnages Jean V. Dufresne Pierre Maheu Pierre Maheu Messieurs ont joué trois personnages Thérèse Morange Thérèse Morange Marthe Nadeau Marthe Nadeau Dame au thé Jean Scheler Jean Scheler Marc Saugavinski Marc Saugavinski Steve Talbot Steve Talbot Yvette Thuot Yvette Thuot Gisèle Trépanier Gisèle Trépanier André Vezina André Vezina André Vézina Véronique Vilbert Véronique Vilbert Horse Marine Alice s Arthur Franz Arthur Franz Fitz Warren s Jean Hale Jean Hale Eileen Terry s Kurt Russell Kurt Russell Andy Denning s Stuart Anderson Stuart Anderson Billy Conklin s Dorothy Green Dorothy Green Laura Forrester s Ben Murphy Ben Murphy Mike Bradbury s Joe De Santis Joe De Santis General Rodello s Patricia Morrow Patricia Morrow Henchman Ed Blaine Bob C on Budd Buster Budd Buster Miner Zeke Jim Haley in credits Kermit Maynard Kermit Maynard Deputy Walter Gordon Frank Ellis Frank Ellis Henchman Owens Ed C sidy Ed C sidy Marshal Dawes Edward C sidy Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Roy Brent Roy Brent Bartender Haley Al Ferguson Al Ferguson Rancher Joe Moore Henry Hall Henry Hall Sheriff Tom Gordon Ray Jones Ray Jones Henchman Lew Morphy Lew Morphy Henchman Wally West Wally West Henchman Roxy Stone Richard Thane Evelyn Hagara Evelyn Hagara Maysie Robert McKenzie Robert McKenzie Sheriff Bob Arnett Bob McKenzie Harrison Greene Harrison Greene Boomer hton and Co'ena hton and Co'ena Dance Team Tove Linden Tove Linden Adele Thorne Lloyd Brooks Lloyd Brooks Kent Hollis Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Budd Buster Budd Buster Deputy Jack Evans Jack Evans Townsman Man in Lynch Mob Steve Clark Steve Clark Rancher Art Dillard Art Dillard Fake Padre Curley Dresden Curley Dresden Rancher Curley Frank Ellis Frank Ellis Man in Lynch Mob Ray Jones Ray Jones Townsman Cactus Mack Cactus Mack Sophie Lorain Anne Fortier s Gilbert Sicotte Gilbert Sicotte Gabriel Johnson s Pierre Lebeau Pierre Lebeau Jean Marie Dufour s Jean François Pichette Jean François Pichette Claude Mayrand s François Chénier François Chénier Étienne Parent s Carl Marotte Carl Marotte Me Jacques Savaria s Sophie Léger Sophie Léger Médecin légiste s Louise Deslières Louise Deslières Suzanne Landreville s Réjean Lefrançois Réjean Lefrançois Armand Durivage s Benoît Dagenais Benoît Dagenais Me Fontaine s Steve Banner Steve Banner Tétrault s Danielle Fichaud Danielle Fichaud Rolande Leboeuf s Paul Savoie Paul Savoie Roger Lefebvre s Sylvie Drapeau Sylvie Drapeau Louise Dusseault s Valérie Blais Valérie Blais Kathleen Giroux s Alexis Martin Alexis Martin Thom Sévigny s Jean Nicol Verreault Jean Nicol Verreault Marc Deschênes s Monique Gosselin Monique Gosselin Gertrude s Paul Doucet Paul Doucet Pierre Ducharme s David Francis David Francis Griffin s Louise Marleau Louise Marleau Jeannine Ross s Frédérike Bédard Frédérike Bédard Rita Dufour s Annick Bergeron Annick Bergeron Caroline Landry s Normand Bissonnette Normand Bissonnette Rodrigue Lemire s Géraldine Charbonneau Géraldine Charbonneau Caroline Daigneault s Henri Ch sé Henri Ch sé Pierre Lemire s Daniel Desputeau Daniel Desputeau Gilles Duguay s Henry Gauthier Henry Gauthier Chef Techno s Bianca Gervais Bianca Gervais Julie Lemire s Marie Gignac Marie Gignac Christine Sirois s Michel Houde Michel Houde Jean Paul Savard s Roger La Rue Roger La Rue Benoit Lambert s Michèle Barbara Pelletier Michèle Barbara Pelletier Magali Simon s Tobie Pelletier Tobie Pelletier Mathieu Lambert s Stephan Perreault Stephan Perreault Paul Legris s Julien Poulin Julien Poulin Jean Pierre Legris s Dominique Quesnel Dominique Quesnel France Plourde s André Richard André Richard Gilles Lefebvre s Johanne Marie Tremblay Johanne Marie Tremblay Claire Daigneault s Amélie Bonenfant Amélie Bonenfant Gabrielle Leclerc s Frédérick De Grandpré Frédérick De Grandpré Mario Doyle s Patrick Drolet Patrick Drolet Séb tien Ouellet s David La Haye David La Haye André Poupart s Gilles Renaud Gilles Renaud Rouleau s Louise Cardinal Louise Cardinal Marijo s Tony Conte Tony Conte Jerry Comeau s Denis Bernard Denis Bernard Daniel Richer s Jean François C abonne Jean François C abonne Curé Alain Comeau s Claude Despins Claude Despins Agent Fortin s André Lahaie André Lahaie Steve Dunbarry s Lucie Laurier Lucie Laurier Saq h s Peter Miller Peter Miller Jim Quitish s Séb tien Ricard Séb tien Ricard Les jumeaux Frappier s Frank Schorpion Frank Schorpion Agent Cushing s David Alexandre David Alexandre Technician s Rock Aubert Rock Aubert Alain Charest s Eudore Belzile Eudore Belzile Jacques Marsolais s Réal Bossé Réal Bossé Phillipe Simon s Reynald Bouchard Reynald Bouchard Chef de CCP s Pierre Luc Brillant Pierre Luc Brillant Éric Charest s Daniel Brière Daniel Brière Pitou St Onge s Marc Béland Marc Béland Maurice Dug s P cale Bélanger P cale Bélanger Stéphanie Charest s Michel André Cardin Michel André Cardin Laperrière s Corinne Chevarier Corinne Chevarier Ginette Br sard s Stéphane Demers Stéphane Demers Pierre Gagnon s Jacques Henri Gagnon Jacques Henri Gagnon Juge s Maxim Gaudette Maxim Gaudette Maxime Dupont s Henri Gauthier Henri Gauthier Technician Poly Light s Pierre Gauvreau Pierre Gauvreau Voisin Magali s Louise Hélène Lac se Louise Hélène Lac se Educatrice Cente d'accueil s Marie France Lambert Marie France Lambert Justine Lampron s Sara Leblanc Sara Leblanc Johannie Desmarais s Jean Marie Moncelet Jean Marie Moncelet André Bruneau s François Papineau François Papineau Claude Lizotte s Pierre Pinchiaroli Pierre Pinchiaroli Simard s Louise Portal Louise Portal Esther Charest s Lise Roy Lise Roy Josée Archambault s Vuk Stojanovic Vuk Stojanovic Stéphane Charest s Bernard Tanguay Bernard Tanguay Rivest s Alexandrine Agostini Alexandrine Agostini Nathalie Leblanc s Nathalie Beaudoin Nathalie Beaudoin Lise Devault s Manon Brunelle Manon Brunelle Lise Allard s Frédéric Bélanger Frédéric Bélanger Yannick Dubé s Patrice Bélanger Patrice Bélanger Luc Martel s Sophie Cadieux Sophie Cadieux Josée Berthiaume s Frédérique Collin Frédérique Collin Jeannine Doyle s Eve Duranceau Eve Duranceau P cale Dubé s Stéphane F. Jacques Stéphane F. Jacques Rosaire Parent s Clermont Jolicoeur Clermont Jolicoeur Renaud Béland s Emmanuel Charest Emmanuel Charest Serge Lebel s Nathalie Coupal Nathalie Coupal Johanne Desrochers s Yves Desgagnés Yves Desgagnés André Matteau s Paule Ducharme Paule Ducharme Sylvie Lemay s Jean Emery Gagnon Jean Emery Gagnon Paul Latendresse s Danièle Lorain Danièle Lorain Louise Garnier s Hubert Proulx Hubert Proulx Mathieu s Louis Sincennes Louis Sincennes Georges Lapierre s Martin Thibaudeau Martin Thibaudeau Le gigolo de Fortier s Alain Zouvi Alain Zouvi Marcel Fournier s Roxan Bourdelais Roxan Bourdelais Simon Tessier s Anne Marie Cadieux Anne Marie Cadieux Louise Marcotte s Benoît Gouin Benoît Gouin Jacques Bilodeau s Patrick Huard Patrick Huard Paul Tanguay s Patrick Labbé Patrick Labbé Jacques Marcotte s Michel Gregory Dagenais Michel Gregory Dagenais Responsable informatique Manuel Aranguiz Manuel Aranguiz Homme bar gai Patrick Baby Patrick Baby Avocat de Lemire Ardon Bess Ardon Bess Dexter Kennedy Jean François Boudreau Jean François Boudreau Gardien de prison Jean Br sard Jean Br sard Policier Diner Marguerite Brodeur Marguerite Brodeur Soeur grise Stéphane Brodeur Stéphane Brodeur Homme qui cherche Esther Bégin Esther Bégin Lectrice LCN Louis Champagne Louis Champagne Molosse Jean Antoine Charest Jean Antoine Charest Homme firme d'ingénieurs Sophie Clément Sophie Clément Juge Genevieve Cocke Genevieve Cocke Vendeuse François Cormier François Cormier Policer Gagnon Stéphane Crête Stéphane Crête sistant légiste Yves Dagenais Yves Dagenais Avocat Pierre Dallaire Pierre Dallaire Greffier René Daniel Dubois René Daniel Dubois Médecin légiste Thiéry Dubé Thiéry Dubé Louis J son Finney J son Finney Molosse Richard Fréchette Richard Fréchette Gagnon Gérald Gagnon Gérald Gagnon Patron Bar reggae Josée Gagnon Josée Gagnon Femme souliers Sylvie Marie Gagnon Sylvie Marie Gagnon Secrétaire Couronne Suzanne Garceau Suzanne Garceau Juge Sirois Serge Gariépy Serge Gariépy Anbulancier Marie Josée Gauthier Marie Josée Gauthier Greffrière Martin Gendron Martin Gendron Martial Leduc Denis Gravereaux Denis Gravereaux Vendeur Luc Denis Houle Denis Houle Gardien de prison Benoit Jetté Benoit Jetté Policier Convoi Laurent Lacoursière Laurent Lacoursière Fils de Lizotte François Lambert François Lambert François Laneuville François Laneuville Policier no. Caroline Lavoie Caroline Lavoie sistante Dr. Pellerin Jean Pierre Leduc Jean Pierre Leduc Dr. Pelletier Sara Lelanc Sara Lelanc Johannie Desmarais Suzanne Lemoyne Suzanne Lemoyne Réceptionniste banque Pierre Mailloux Pierre Mailloux Patron Dug Sylvain Marcel Sylvain Marcel Pierre Daoust Luc Morissette Luc Morissette Royer David Paré David Paré Policier François Stefan Perrault Stefan Perrault Chauffeur de taxi Dominic Philie Dominic Philie Ronald Lamarche Catherine Pinard Catherine Pinard Journaliste Louise Proulx Louise Proulx Marie Guy Provost Guy Provost Père d'Esther Leina Riel Leina Riel Annie Charest Leina Riel Leina Riel Annie Charest Patrice Robitaille Patrice Robitaille Sergent Denis Bill Rowat Bill Rowat Leroy Stanfield Norman Roy Norman Roy Juge Daniel Simard Daniel Simard Inspecteur Boudreault Guy Sprung Guy Sprung Abraham Goldberg Diane St Jacques Diane St Jacques Greffrière Michelle Sweeney Michelle Sweeney Chanteuse fête Dufour Michel Thériault Michel Thériault Technician judiciaire Guy Daniel Tremblay Guy Daniel Tremblay Gardien de prison Mark Antoine Tremblay Mark Antoine Tremblay Policier Diner François Trottier François Trottier Leroux Gerardo Lo Dico Policier Albert Kwan Albert Kwan Joueur iatique Claude Morin Claude Morin Prisonnier Anoulith Sintharaphone Anoulith Sintharaphone Bodyguard Craig Snoyer Craig Snoyer Big Thug Alain Nadro Alain Nadro Zachary unknown s Roger Léger Roger Léger Gilbert Dum unknown s Denis Trudel Denis Trudel Albert Tremblay le shylock unknown s Kim Du Trinh Kim Du Trinh Thi Mung Nguyen la mere unknown s Jean Emery Gagnon Jean Emery Gagnon Eric unknown s Yves Soutière Yves Soutière Maurice unknown s Bonfield Marcoux Bonfield Marcoux Gerant de l'imprimerie unknown s Robert Ozores Robert Ozores Miguel unknown s Jean François Boudreau Jean François Boudreau Gerard unknown s P cal Contamine P cal Contamine Queteux unknown s Clément S seville Clément S seville Chauffeur livreur de l'imprimerie unknown s Maxime Le Flaguais Maxime Le Flaguais Livreur de l'imprimerie unknown s Martin Dubreuil Martin Dubreuil Fetichiste unknown s Marjolaine Lemieux Marjolaine Lemieux Detective Marchand unknown s Amy Khoury Amy Khoury Actor unknown s Steve Banner Steve Banner unknown s Raymond Bouchard Raymond Bouchard Antoine Caron unknown s Vanessa Brown Vanessa Brown unknown s Rose Maïté Erkoreka Rose Maïté Erkoreka Mélanie Dum unknown s Marie Thérèse Fortin Marie Thérèse Fortin Maria Delucci unknown s Ima Ima Sandra Johnson unknown s Kim Lambert Kim Lambert Thi Tram Nguyen unknown s Thai Hoa Le Thai Hoa Le Isabelle Guérard Espérance Lothaire Bluteau Lothaire Bluteau Le Capitaine Anthony Lemke Anthony Lemke Lothaire Bluteau Pincer Bedier Tara Fitzgerald Tara Fitzgerald Daisy MacDonald Monique Mercure Monique Mercure Grace Gallagher David Fox David Fox Carl Gallagher Eugene Lipinski Eugene Lipinski Glenn Boychuk Daniel MacDonald Daniel MacDonald Erwin Boychuk Quyen Hua Quyen Hua My Lang John Bourgeois John Bourgeois Morley Pincer's Boss Susan Williamson Susan Williamson Margaret the Shy Quiet One Chrisse Bornstein Chrisse Bornstein Dorothy Jean Freeman Jean Freeman Betty Walter Willis Walter Willis Harold Gabriel Prenderg t Gabriel Prenderg t Marcel Ian Black Ian Black Moving Man Le vulgaire Vincent Leclerc Vincent Leclerc Le Laid Arthur Holden Arthur Holden Le Blessé Peter Miller Peter Miller Pierre André K per André K per Mathurin André K per Kolstad Charlotte St Cyr Charlotte St Cyr Madelon Jonah Nimijean Jonah Nimijean Le Jeune Kim Dee Nguyen unknown s Ron Lea Ron Lea Thom Wilson unknown s Guillaume Lemay Thivierge Guillaume Lemay Thivierge Stéphane Dum unknown s Karyne Lemieux Karyne Lemieux Emmanuelle Caron unknown s Sean Lu Sean Lu An Nguyen unknown s Sylvie Léonard Sylvie Léonard Louise Turcotte unknown s Peter Miller Peter Miller Tiger unknown s Daniel Parent Daniel Parent Marc Roberge unknown s Pierre Powers Pierre Powers Marcel Rocheleau unknown s Danielle Proulx Danielle Proulx Marianne Dum unknown s Geneviève Rioux Geneviève Rioux Monique unknown s Catherine Sénart Catherine Sénart Josée unknown s Antoine Vézina Antoine Vézina Policier Ji Ci Francine Vézina Francine Vézina Juge Jacques Allard Jacques Allard Charles Derome Pierre Leblanc Pierre Leblanc Alain Tremblay Denis Trudel Denis Trudel Tara Fitzgerald Angel Alex Burchu Alex Burchu Boy Lenore Andriel Lenore Andriel Mother Sergei Davidoff Sergei Davidoff John Reader Richard Neil Richard Neil Stepfather V ile Balan V ile Balan Father Vera Cheban Vera Cheban Mother Cornel Balan Cornel Balan Stepfather a Boy Olga Davydova Olga Davydova Stapfater's syster Viacheslav Prokopie Viacheslav Prokopie Santa Claus Helene Ababy Davidoff Helene Ababy Davidoff Shopper Svetlana Tarachila Svetlana Tarachila Snow White Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Ion Arakelov Ion Arakelov Dwarf George Pyrlia George Pyrlia Laurence Fox SS Maj. Klaus Kessler Louis Dempsey Louis Dempsey Snyder Lucy G kell Lucy G kell Benitta Coral Beed Coral Beed S kia Andrew Howard Andrew Howard Capt. Edward Banks Jack Dee Jack Dee Warren Neil Newbon Neil Newbon Cpl. Rhys Powell Nick Moran Nick Moran Pvt. Alan Ives Rafe Spall Rafe Spall Pvt. David Wellings Tommy Flanagan Tommy Flanagan Pvt. Dennis Baker Sean Pertwee Sean Pertwee Sgt. Bill McMillan Billy Zane Billy Zane Flt. Lt. Robert Oates Neil Jackson Neil Jackson Flt. Sgt. Simkins Steve Speirs Steve Speirs Gustav Hansfeldt Agathe de La Boulaye Agathe de La Boulaye Katrina David Ginola David Ginola Cpl. Dieter Max Karel Roden Karel Roden Sgt. Hans Beck Alexander Skarsgård Alexander Skarsgård Penny Antine Herself Sheila Balkan Sheila Balkan Herself Tom Byron Tom Byron Himself Chloe Chloe Herself Ralph Garman Ralph Garman Himself Patte Hamilton Patte Hamilton Herself Veronica Hart Veronica Hart Herself Steve Hirsch Steve Hirsch Himself Steven Hirsch Kylie Ireland Kylie Ireland Herself Ron Jeremy Ron Jeremy Himself Stephen Kessler Stephen Kessler Himself Ginger Lynn Ginger Lynn ia Carrera Orsolya Bella Orsoya Orsolya Blonde Orsolya Blonde Vivienne Cl h Vivienne Cl h Erica Bella Belle Maria Bellucci Maria Bellucci Damsel Maria Quant J mine Delaitre J mine Delaitre Waitress Vicky Csilla Kalnay Csilla Kalnay Waitress Anna Tron Alain L'Yle Alain L'Yle Alain Lyle Anna Lain Anna Lain Damsel Beatrix Penny Logan Penny Logan Kim Eternity K sandra C sandra Kim Eternity Kim Eternity Cindy Love Cindy Love Cindy Luv Jimmy Zee Jimmy Zee Jimmy Z Mr. Marcus Mr. Marcus Menage Trois Menage Trois Menaja Devlin Weed Devlin Weed Kitten Kitten Papillon Papillon Tatiana Tatiana Toni Toni Rebecca Wild Rebecca Wild Damsel&Red Bubbles Woman Christina Love Christina Love Maria Bellucci Dawn Burning Kiki Doll Kiki Doll Lexi Erikson Lexi Erikson Sophia Ferrari Sophia Ferrari Nadia Moore Nadia Moore Ceran Morris Ceran Morris Naomi Naomi Peter North Peter North Wilde Oscar Wilde Oscar Aliea Pears Aliea Pears Sean Rider Sean Rider Alex Sanders Alex Sanders Goldie Star Goldie Star J on Steel J on Steel Vince Vouyer Vince Vouyer Maria Szallontai Anita Blond Anita Blond Caroline Caroline Anita Dark Anita Dark Frank Gun Frank Gun Ildiko Ildiko Chanel Katy K h Katy K h Frank Larson Frank Larson John Lenin John Lenin Nadia Moore Nadia Moore Jennifer Red Jennifer Red Mercedes Devon Shore Devon Shore Bobby Vitale Bobby Vitale John Walton John Walton Zoltan Zoltan Kaja Luna Luna Magda Magda The Dwarf Ursula Moore Ursula Moore Robot Woman Ursula Nikita Nikita Princess Brunilde Marta Sokar Marta Sokar Fat Woman Monica Starlet Monica Starlet Damsel Monica Kiss Andrea Weber Andrea Weber Waitress Eniko Wrabel Eniko Wrabel Waitress Alain Deloin Alain Deloin Devereaux Devereaux Tricia Devereaux Tricia Devereaux Anita Blond Vivienne Cl h Vivienne Cl h Kristina Kovacs Kristina Kovacs Ursula Moore Ursula Moore Selen Selen Elone Elone Christi Lake Christi Lake Richard Langin Richard Langin David Perry David Perry Franck Versace Franck Versace footage Christi Lake Christi Lake Mike Majors Mike Majors Mike Majors Missy Missy footage Sydnee Steele Sydnee Steele Evan Stone Evan Stone Herself Sharon Mitchell Sharon Mitchell Herself Henri Pachard Henri Pachard Himself Keith Proctor Keith Proctor Himself Suze Randall Suze Randall Herself Robert Salamone Robert Salamone Himself Bionca Seven Bionca Seven Herself Bionca Charlie Sheen Charlie Sheen Himself footage Janet Sherman Janet Sherman Herself Rick Sloane Rick Sloane Himself Jim South Jim South Himself Evan Stone Evan Stone Himself Lt Jürgen Voller Michael Madsen Michael Madsen Col. J.T. Colt Todd Spangler Todd Spangler Shannon Dave Evans Dave Evans Pvt. Meyer Justin Thomson Justin Thomson Daniella Erdmann Andre Schneider Andre Schneider Marc Schulze Marc Schulze Marc O. Schulze Esther Zimmering Esther Zimmering Steiner Justin Thompson Gheorge Debre Gheorge Debre Mayor Ioana Popescu Ioana Popescu Mayor's Wife Ioana Popescu Galgotiu Diarmid Scrimshaw Diarmid Scrimshaw Bondi Bachi Zvonko Bel Zvonko Bel Leona Bojko Leona Bojko Anita Bond Anita Bond Anita Soros Freddy Dalton Freddy Dalton Istvan Dok Istvan Dok Jacuza Hadjuk Jacuza Hadjuk Lenka Harmova Lenka Harmova Atila Hun Atila Hun Backey Jakic Backey Jakic Claudia Jamsson Claudia Jamsson Claudia Jameson Ferentz Janos Ferentz Janos Karma Karma Karma Nera K sandra K sandra Agoston Kovach Agoston Kovach Mery Mery Barbara Horst Baron Horst Baron Anita Bond Anita Bond Denise Denise Jens Marquart Jens Marquart Blue Angel Caroline De Jaie Caroline De Jaie Angel Dark Black Diamond Black Diamond Lacey DuValle Lacey DuValle Leanni Lei Leanni Lei J mine Rouge J mine Rouge Silvia Saint Silvia Saint Frank Major Frank Major J mine Rouge J mine Rouge Titus Steel Titus Steel Jens Miriam Miriam Fanny Steel Fanny Steel Titus Steel Titus Steel Cody Nicole Your Captain Roxanne Potts Nicole Black Nicole Black Your Crew Member Jeanette James Camilla Franklin Camilla Franklin Your Crew Member Eve Evans Eve Evans Your Crew Member Lynn Warlaumont Lynn Warlaumont Your Crew Member Kris Munroe Kris Munroe Your Crew Member Kandi Barbour Kandi Barbour The Ship's Purser Kandy Barbour Terry Galko Terry Galko The P sengers Pamela Jennings Pamela Jennings The P sengers Pamela Nimo Shirley McCracken Shirley McCracken The P sengers Little Oral Annie Little Oral Annie The P sengers Andrea Parducci Kelly Hamilton Kelly Hamilton Vicky Steele Vicky Steele Orgy Girl in White Dress Vicki Trimble Pam Jalimov Pam Jalimov Lucy Bush Lucy Bush Linda Wogoman Linda Wogoman Wendy Pimknee Wendy Pimknee Sue Holland Sue Holland Kathy Hesun Kathy Hesun Trudy Mabsen Trudy Mabsen Sherrie Smith Sherrie Smith Party Girl in Black and Red Dawn Swenson Dawn Swenson Jean King Jean King Linda Reeves Linda Reeves First Dorm Girl 'Elizabeth' Hillary Summers Hillary Summers Second Dorm Girl 'Elizabeth' Kelly Nichols Kelly Nichols Brunette Deck Hand Dana Dennis Dana Dennis Blond Deck Hand Renee La Paz Renee La Paz Orgy Girl Bow Tie Sylvia Benedict Sylvia Benedict Laura Silvia Moser Turk Lyon Turk Lyon The Stowaways Robert Lyon Randy West Randy West The Stowaways R.J. Reynolds R.J. Reynolds The Pirates Greg Michaels Greg Michaels The Pirates Greg Michels Dougl Fairbank Dougl Fairbank John Holmes Johnny Nancy Suiter Nancy Suiter Toni Mike Ranger Mike Ranger Teddy Mike Wrangler Ric Lutze Ric Lutze Cab Driver Gripe Rick Lutz R.J. Reynolds R.J. Reynolds Car Salesman Randy Roetman George Mitchell George Mitchell Desk Sergeant Stacy Goldman Stacy Goldman Redheaded Hooker Amika Giortano Amika Giortano Brunette Hooker Bud Wise Bud Wise Pete Bob Arkin Aubrey Nichols Aubrey Nichols Blond Hooker Adele Lambert John Seeman John Seeman Mr. Brock Cab Driver John Seman Hillary Summers Hillary Summers Brunette Lesbian Jailbird Heather Gordon Pat Manning Pat Manning Blond Hooker Harry Nancy Hoffman Nancy Hoffman Blond Lesbian Jailbird Celest Celest Hooker Karen Marshall Karen Marshall Hooker Nicole Scent Nicole Scent Blond Hooker Against Bars Penny C h Jan Ledgerwood Jan Ledgerwood Hooker Candida Royalle Candida Royalle L t Hooker into Cell Candida Royal Jolanda Borkhurst Jolanda Borkhurst Seka Ultra Flesh Jamie Gillis Jamie Gillis Sugarman Tyler Reynolds Tyler Reynolds President Ty Horn John Leslie John Leslie Intergalactic Lover Luis De Jesus Luis De Jesus Midget Mr. Short Stud Georgie Veg Georgie Veg Midget Lisa De Leeuw Lisa De Leeuw Dr. Wiesenall Lisa Deleuw John Seeman John Seeman Presidential Aid John Semen Clyde Wilcox Clyde Wilcox Green Man Doug Lear Doug Lear Gorilla Ken Conard Ken Conard Black Monster Ken Yontz Ken Yontz Big Mack Ken Milo Misha Boyko Misha Boyko Russian Aid Angel C h Angel C h First Lady Nancy Racetor Sanyen Sunny Sanyen Sunny Chinese Leader Sergei Novotny Sergei Novotny Russian Leader Sonny Sonny Intergalactic Leader Buddy Owen Buddy Owen Red Man Serena Serena Blond Fleshette Brad Candida Royalle Candida Royalle Third Female Sex Performer Mike Ranger Mike Ranger Third Male Sex Performer Mike Stepp Terri Dolan Terri Dolan First Female Sex Performer Jesse Adams Jesse Adams First Male Sex Performer Jessie Adams Jack Shute Jack Shute Guy on Stairs Blonde David Rosen Tawny Pearl Tawny Pearl Second Female Sex Performer Sue Pearlman Michael Parker Michael Parker Second Male Sex Performer Steve Lacey George Mitchell George Mitchell Nervous Guy Ultra Flesh Piper Smith Piper Smith First Blonde Ultra Flesh Laurie Smith Laurie Smith First Brunette Ultra Flesh Lori Smith Cathy Ebelt Cathy Ebelt Fleshette Bonnie Benson Bonnie Benson Fleshette Delphy Meade Delphy Meade Fleshette Pamela Bowman Pamela Bowman Fleshette Pam Bowman Sparkie Sparkie Fleshette Cathy Remund Cathy Remund Fleshette Brenda Darling Brenda Darling Fleshette Eve Bryna Eve Bryna Fleshette Gloria Verver Gloria Verver Fleshette Molly Manning Molly Manning Randy West Burt Ron Hudd Ron Hudd Joe Kandi Barbour Kandi Barbour Sue Kandy Barbour T.J. Testatuski T.J. Testatuski Dick Samantha Fox Samantha Fox M sage Parlour Girl Candida Royalle Candida Royalle M sage Parlour Girl Tara Tara Go Go Girl W.P. Dremak W.P. Dremak Bank President W.P. Dreamak Ron Jeremy Ron Jeremy Bell Boy Robin Byrd Robin Byrd Paris Hooker Erica Richardson Erica Richardson Farmer's Daughter Erica Richardson Eric Richardson Jake Teague Jake Teague Farmer Adam De Haven Adam De Haven Men Kidnappers Mark Fish Mark Fish Men Kidnappers Veri Knotty Veri Knotty Shaun Costello Mr. Boynton Erica Eaton Erica Eaton Miss Crabtree Helen Madigan Helen Madigan Nancy Arturo Millhouse Arturo Millhouse Georgina Spelvin Valerie Harry Reems Harry Reems Jonathan Valerie Marron Valerie Marron Rainbow Valarie Marron Mary Stuart Mary Stuart Jean Alan Marlow Alan Marlow David Alan Marlo The Director hley Moore hley Moore Lazlo Levi Richards Levi Richards Rock Stone Georgina Spelvin Georgina Spelvin Oona Alvar Stugard Alvar Stugard Man in editing suite Women Kidnappers Patty Boyd Patty Boyd Women Kidnappers Katy Keene Merle Michaels Merle Michaels Fraulien Schmidt Nick Romano Nick Romano Butler Steve Kraus Steve Kraus Herr Hoffman Kelly Nichols Kelly Nichols American Girl in Zurich Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Margot DuMont Margot DuMont Woman in German Pub Erica Eaton Erica Eaton Woman Harold Al Goldstein Al Goldstein Guy at Bar Kurt Mann Kurt Mann Complainer in Elevator Fleshette Jerilyn Hirsch Jerilyn Hirsch Fleshette Camilla Bryant Camilla Bryant Fleshette Little Oral Annie Little Oral Annie Fleshette Andrea Parducci Chris Garland Chris Garland Fleshette Kandi Barbour Kandi Barbour Fleshette Kandy Barbour Rest of c t listed alphabetically: John Boland John Boland Pipe Smoking Presidential Aide Kandi Delight Kandi Delight Redheaded Fleshette Ron Jeremy Ron Jeremy Gardener Kelly Nichols Kelly Nichols Fleshette Gardener Svetlana Svetlana Blond Protester Hooker Mitch Morrill Mitch Morrill Harry the Cop Jamie Gillis Jamie Gillis Sam Jaimi Gillis Serena Serena Rose Hooker in Shorts Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Alan Colberg Alan Colberg P senger Dildo Bill Stanley Bill Stanley P senger Juicy Lucy Svetlana Svetlana Polish Comedienne The Pirates Sam Lito Sam Lito The Pirates Alan Katz Alan Katz The Pirates Sam Kinney Sam Kinney The Pirates Bill Owen Bill Owen The Pirates Rest of c t listed alphabetically: Carolyn Jackson Carolyn Jackson Inoue Kevin James Kevin James Mark Copper Penny Copper Penny Cindy Mike Ranger Mike Ranger Sam Loni Sanders Loni Sanders Sharon Svetlana Svetlana Lieutenant Kathy Tom Byron Claudio Claudio Delphin Delphin Delfin Sana Fey Sana Fey F.M. Bradley Crystal Hart Crystal Hart Nina Hartley Nina Hartley Nina Hartley Jamie Gillis Jamie Gillis Taija Rae Taija Rae Tom Byron Tom Byron Lois Ayres Lois Ayres Bunny Bleu Bunny Bleu Greg Rome Greg Rome Lili Marlene Lili Marlene Billy Dee Billy Dee Billy Daniels Siobhan Hunter Siobhan Hunter Little Oral Annie Little Oral Annie Owner of vineyard Mike Horner Mike Horner Shanna McCullough Shanna McCullough Alicia Monet Alicia Monet Peter North Peter North Herself Jamie Le
Marissa Mayer From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia This article is about the Yahoo CEO For the novelist see Marissa Meyer Text document with red question mark svg Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted January Learn how and when to remove this template message Marissa Mayer Marissa Mayer May cropped jpg Marissa Mayer in Born Marissa Ann Mayer May age Wausau Wisconsin U S Residence San Francisco Palo Alto California U S Nationality American Alma mater Stanford University Occupation President CEO Yahoo Employer Yahoo Salary USD million excluding benefits Net worth Increase USD million Political party Democratic Board member of Cooper–Hewitt National Design Museum New York City Ballet Jawbone San Francisco Ballet San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Walmart Spouse s Zachary Bogue m Children Marissa Ann Mayer 'ma??r born May is an American information technology executive currently serving as the president of Yahoo a position she has held since July In January it was announced that she stepped down from the company s board to serve principally as CEO of the company She is a graduate of Stanford and was a long time executive usability leader and key spokesperson for Google Contents hide Early life and education Career Google Yahoo Allegations of WARN Act violations and gender based discrimination Boards and honors Personal life References Additional reading External links Early life and education edit Mayer was born in Wausau Wisconsin the daughter of Margaret Mayer an art teacher of Finnish descent and Michael Mayer an environmental engineer who worked for water companies Her grandfather Clem Mayer had polio when he was and served as mayor of Jackson Wisconsin for years She has a younger brother She would later describe herself as having been painfully shy as a child and teenager She never had fewer than one after school activity per day participating in ballet ice skating piano swimming debate and Brownies During middle school and high school she took piano and ballet lessons the latter of which taught her criticism and discipline poise and confidence At an early age she showed an interest in math and science When she was attending Wausau West High School Mayer was on the curling team and the precision dance team She excelled in chemistry calculus biology and physics She took part in extracurricular activities becoming president of her high school s Spanish club treasurer of the Key Club captain of the debate team and captain of the pom pom squad Her high school debate team won the Wisconsin state championship and the pom pom squad was the state runner up During high school she worked as a grocery clerk After graduating from high school in Mayer was selected by Tommy Thompson then the Governor of Wisconsin as one of the state s two delegates to attend the National Youth Science Camp in West Virginia Intending to become a pediatric neurosurgeon Mayer took pre med classes at Stanford University She later switched her major from pediatric neuroscience to symbolic systems a major which combined philosophy cognitive psychology linguistics and computer science At Stanford she danced in the university ballet s Nutcracker was a member of parliamentary debate volunteered at children s hospitals and helped bring computer science education to Bermuda s schools During her junior year she taught a class in symbolic systems with Eric S Roberts as her supervisor The class was so well received by students that Roberts asked Mayer to teach another class over the summer Mayer went on to graduate with honors from Stanford with a BS in symbolic systems in and an MS in computer science in For both degrees her specialization was in artificial intelligence For her undergraduate thesis she built travel recommendation software that advised users in natural sounding human language In the Illinois Institute of Technology granted Mayer an honoris causa doctorate degree in recognition of her work in the field of search Mayer interned at SRI International in Menlo Park California and Ubilab UBS s research lab based in Zurich Switzerland She holds several patents in artificial intelligence and interface design Career edit Google edit Marissa Mayer speaking at the Google Search On event in After graduating from Stanford Mayer received job offers including a teaching job at Carnegie Mellon University and a consulting job at McKinsey Company She joined Google in as employee number and was the company s first female engineer She started out writing code and overseeing small teams of engineers developing and designing Google s search offerings She became known for her attention to detail which helped land her a promotion to product manager and later became director of consumer web products She oversaw the layout of Google s well known unadorned search homepage She was also on the three person team responsible for Google AdWords which is an algorithm used by advertisers to get insight into the products consumers want AdWords helped deliver of the company s revenue in the first quarter of Marissa Mayer at an interview while working for Google In Mayer started the Associate Product Manager APM program a Google mentorship program aimed to recruit new talents and cultivate and train them for leadership roles within the company Each year Mayer selected a number of junior employees for the two year program which would see them take on a number of extracurricular assignments and intensive evening classes Notable graduates of the program include Bret Taylor and Justin Rosenstein In she became Vice President of Search Products and User Experience Mayer held key roles in Google Search Google Images Google News Google Maps Google Books Google Product Search Google Toolbar iGoogle and Gmail Mayer was the vice president of Google Product Search until the end of when she was demoted by then CEO Eric Schmidt to head the Local Maps and Location Services In she secured Google s acquisition of survey site Zagat for million While Mayer was working at Google she taught introductory computer programming at Stanford and mentored students at the East Palo Alto Charter School She was awarded the Centennial Teaching Award and the Forsythe Award from Stanford Yahoo edit Michael Arrington and Marissa Mayer at TechCrunch Disrupt On July Mayer was appointed president and CEO of Yahoo effective the following day She is also a member of the company s board of directors To simplify the bureaucratic process and make the culture the best version of itself Mayer launched a new online program called PB J It collects employee complaints as well as their votes on problems in the office if a problem generates at least votes online management automatically investigates the matter In February Mayer oversaw a major personnel policy change at Yahoo that required all remote working employees to convert to in office roles Having worked from home toward the end of her pregnancy Mayer returned to work after giving birth to a boy and had a nursery built next to her office suite—Mayer was consequently criticized for the telecommuting ban In April Mayer changed Yahoo s maternity leave policy lengthening its time allowance and providing a cash bonus to parents CNN noted this was in line with other Silicon Valley companies such as Facebook and Google Mayer has been criticized for many of her management decisions in pieces by The New York Times and The New Yorker On May Mayer led Yahoo to acquire Tumblr in a billion acquisition In February Yahoo acknowledged that the value of Tumblr had fallen by million since it was acquired In July Yahoo reported a fall in revenues but a rise in profits compared with the same period in the previous year Reaction on Wall Street was muted with shares falling In September it was reported that the stock price of Yahoo had doubled over the months since Mayer s appointment However much of this growth may be attributed to Yahoo s stake in the Chinese e commerce company Alibaba Group which was acquired before Mayer s tenure Mayer delivering a conference keynote In November Mayer instituted a performance review system based on a bell curve ranking of employees suggesting that managers rank their employees on a bell curve with those at the low end being fired Employees complained that some managers were viewing the process as mandatory In February a former Yahoo employee filed a lawsuit against the company claiming that Yahoo s firing practices have violated both California and federal labor laws In Mayer was ranked sixth on Fortune s under list and was ranked the th most powerful businesswoman in the world that year according to the same publication In March Fortune would name Mayer as one of the world s most disappointing leaders Yahoo stocks continued to fall by more than throughout while key executives left the company In December the New York based hedge fund SpringOwl a shareholder in Yahoo Inc released a statement arguing that Mayer be replaced as CEO Starboard Value an activist investing firm that owns a stake in Yahoo likewise wrote a scathing letter regarding Mayer s performance at Yahoo By January it was further estimated that Yahoo s core business has been worth less than zero dollars for the past few quarters In February Mayer confirmed that Yahoo was considering the possibility of selling its core business In March it was revealed that Mayer would lose her CEO job and receive a million termination package upon the sale of Yahoo to Verizon Mayer with the House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi May Allegations of WARN Act violations and gender based discrimination edit Scott Ard a prominent editorial director fired from Yahoo in filed a lawsuit alleging that Mayer encouraged and fostered the use of an employee performance rating system to accommodate management s subjective biases and personal opinions to the detriment of Yahoo s male employees He claimed that prior to his firing he had received fully satisfactory performance reviews since starting at the company in as head of editorial programming for Yahoo s home page however he was relieved of his role which was given to a woman who had been recently hired An earlier lawsuit was filed by Gregory Anderson who was fired in alleging the company s performance management system was arbitrary and unfair and disguised layoffs as terminations for the purpose of evading state and federal WARN Acts making it the first WARN Act and gender discrimination lawsuit Yahoo and Mayer faced in Boards and honors edit As well as sitting on the boards of directors of Walmart Jawbone and Yahoo Mayer also sits on several non profit boards such as Cooper–Hewitt National Design Museum New York City Ballet San Francisco Ballet and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Mayer actively invests in technology companies including crowd sourced design retailer Minted live video platform Airtime wireless power startup uBeam online DIY community e commerce company Brit Co mobile payments processor Square home décor site One Kings Lane genetic testing company Natera and nootropics and biohacking company Nootrobox Mayer was named to Fortune magazine s annual list of America s Most Powerful Women in Business in and with ranks at and respectively In at age she was the youngest woman ever listed Mayer was named one of Glamour Magazine s Women of the Year in She was listed in Forbes Magazine s List of The World s Most Powerful Women in and with ranks of and respectively In September Mayer became the first CEO of a Fortune company to be featured in a Vogue magazine spread In she was also named in the Time and became the first woman listed as number one on Fortune magazine s annual list of the top business stars under years old Mayer eventually made Fortune magazine history in as the only person to feature in all three of its annual lists during the same year Businessperson of the Year No Most Powerful Women at No and Under No at the same time On December Mayer was listed by UK based company Richtopia at number in the list of Most Influential CEO s In March in contrast Fortune named Mayer as one of the world s most disappointing leaders Personal life edit Mayer married lawyer and investor Zachary Bogue on December On the day Yahoo announced her hiring Mayer revealed that she was pregnant she gave birth to a baby boy on September Although she asked for suggestions via social media the name Macallister was eventually chosen for her baby s name from an existing list On December Mayer announced that she had given birth to identical twin girls Marielle and Sylvana Mayer is Lutheran but said referencing Vince Lombardi s Your God your family and the Green Bay Packers quote her priorities are God family and Yahoo except I m not that religious so it s really family and Yahoo Since Mayer has lived in the th floor penthouse suite at the Four Seasons Hotel in San Francisco References edit Jump up ^ Edwards Jim September Look Inside The Million Mansion Yahoo s Marissa Mayer Just Bought SFGate Retrieved May Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer s House Palo Alto California CA US Retrieved May Jump up ^ Womack Brian October Google Executive Marissa Mayer Takes New Role in Location Local Services Bloomberg Businessweek Retrieved April Jump up ^ Miguel Helft Marissa Mayer Forbes Jump up ^ Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer and Warner Music Group COO Robert Wiesenthal Joining Jawbone s Board of Directors PDF Jawbone May Retrieved October Jump up ^ Walmart Board of Directors Nominates New Candidate Marissa Mayer to stand for election at Walmart s Annual Shareholders Meeting Bloomberg Bloomberg LP April Retrieved December Jump up ^ Singer Sally December The Bride Wore Snowflakes Vogue Retrieved August Jump up ^ Lopez Napier Yahoo renamed Altaba as CEO Marissa Mayer resigns from board The Next Web Retrieved Jump up ^ Mayer M Innovation design and simplicity at google ACM SIGCSE Bulletin doi ^ Jump up to a b Holson Laura March Putting a Bolder Face on Google The New York Times p BU Jump up ^ Stone Brad July Marissa Mayer Is Yahoo s New CEO Bloomberg Businessweek Retrieved August Jump up ^ Jännäri Jenny November Google johtaja vieraili Suomessa sukujuurillaan Kauppalehti Retrieved July English title Google vice president visits the land of her ancestors ^ Jump up to a b c d e Weisberg Jacob August Yahoo s Marissa Mayer Hail to the Chief Vogue Retrieved August Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer The Talent Scout Businessweek June Retrieved August Jump up ^ Chernin Andrew January La mujer fuerte de Google Qué Pasa Quepasa Retrieved August ^ Jump up to a b c d Elgin Ben October Managing Google s Idea Factory Bloomberg Businessweek Retrieved October at Stanford where she taught computer science to undergrads Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer From Finland to Yahoo MyHeritage July Retrieved October Jump up ^ Hrodey Matt May Mighty Mayer Milwaukee Mag Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b c d e f g h i Carlson Nicholas August The Truth About Marissa Mayer An Unauthorised Biography Business Insider Archived from the original on August Retrieved October Jump up ^ Biography com Jump up ^ McLean Bethany January Yahoo s Geek Goddess Vanity Fair Retrieved October Jump up ^ Rodriguez Salvador July Look back at Marissa Mayer s Los Angeles Times interview Los Angeles Times Retrieved October Jump up ^ Did You Know PDF WSD Dialogue Wausau School District Spring p Retrieved August Jump up ^ Nalley Steven June Wang attends National Youth Science Camp Starkville Daily News Retrieved July ^ Jump up to a b c d Perry Tekla S March Marissa Mayer Google s Chic Geek IEEE Spectrum Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b c Leahey Colleen December Google s Marissa Mayer How I got ahead Fortune Magazine Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b c Singer Sally March From the Archives Google s Marissa Mayer in Vogue Vogue Retrieved October Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer becomes CEO of Yahoo The Stanford Daily July Retrieved October Jump up ^ Google VP Marissa Mayer to Address IIT Graduates IIT Media Room Illinois Institute of Technology March Retrieved May Jump up ^ IIT Media Room Iit edu May Retrieved June Jump up ^ Sutter John D July Know Yahoo s Marissa Mayer in facts CNN Retrieved October Jump up ^ Yahoo Appoints Marissa Mayer Chief Executive Officer Business Wire July Retrieved October Jump up ^ Sloan Paul July Google s Marissa Mayer becomes Yahoo CEO CNET Retrieved August Jump up ^ Guglielmo Connie July Google s Page Says Mayer Will Be Missed HP s Whitman Welcomes Yahoo s New CEO Forbes Retrieved August ^ Jump up to a b c d Riggins Nash July Marissa Mayer Queen of Silicon Valley World Finance Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Miller Lisa October Can Marissa Mayer Really Have It All New York Magazine Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Tischler Linda November THE BEAUTY OF SIMPLICITY The Fast Company Retrieved October Jump up ^ Sorkin Andrew Ross Rusli Evelyn M July A Yahoo Search Calls Up a Chief From Google The New York Times Retrieved August Jump up ^ Levy Steven Part Four Google s Cloud In the Plex How Google Thinks Works and Shapes Our Lives Simon Schuster ISBN ^ Jump up to a b Thomas Owen July MARISSA S MARVELS The Graduates Of Her Google Genius School Business Insider Retrieved October Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer Fortune Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Guthrie Julian February The adventures of Marissa San Francisco Magazine Archived from the original on October Retrieved October Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer s Career at Google – Business Insider Business Insider September Jump up ^ Miller Claire Cain October At Google Mayer Takes a New Job The New York Times Bits Blog Retrieved August Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer Stanford University s Entrepreneurship Corner Retrieved October Jump up ^ Chang Andrea July Google executive Marissa Mayer named Yahoo s new chief executive Los Angeles Times Retrieved August Jump up ^ Oreskovic Alexei Lauria Peter July Yahoo snags Google s Mayer as CEO in surprise hire MSNBC Reuters Retrieved July Jump up ^ Sellers Patricia October How Yahoo CEO Mayer fixed problems – Postcards Postcards blogs fortune cnn com Retrieved November Jump up ^ Why Marissa Mayer Told Remote Employees To Work in an Office Or Quit Business Insider February Retrieved February Jump up ^ Guynn Jessica February Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer causes uproar with telecommuting ban latimes com Retrieved June Jump up ^ Carlson Nicholas April Marissa Mayer Doubles Yahoo s Paid Maternity Leave Gives Dads Eight Weeks Off Business Insider Retrieved June Jump up ^ Pepitone Julianne April Marissa Mayer extends Yahoo s maternity leave – CNNMoney – Apr Money cnn com Retrieved June Jump up ^ McCullough DG August Women CEOs Why companies in crisis hire minorities – and then fire them The Guardian Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Nicholas Carlson December What Happened When Marissa Mayer Tried to Be Steve Jobs The New York Times Magazine Retrieved February ^ Jump up to a b Vauhini Vara October Yahoo s Dynamic C E O and Her Boring Plan The New Yorker Retrieved February Jump up ^ Lublin Joann S Efrati Amir Ante Spencer E May Yahoo Deal Shows Power Shift The Wall Street Journal Retrieved October Jump up ^ de la Merced Michael J Bilton Nick Perlroth Nicole May Yahoo to Buy Tumblr for Billion The New York Times Retrieved October Jump up ^ Yahoo revenue falls on slow ad sales Bbc co uk Retrieved July Jump up ^ Victoria Edwards September Things We Learned From Marissa Mayer and Mark Zuckerberg at TechCrunch Disrupt Search Engine Watch Incisive Media Incisive Interactive Marketing LLC Retrieved September Jump up ^ What Happened When Marissa Mayer Tried to Be Steve Jobs The New York Times December Jump up ^ Yahoo Inc November Yahoo s Latest HR Disaster Ranking Workers on a Curve Businessweek Retrieved November ^ Jump up to a b Because Marissa Said So – Yahoos Bristle at Mayer s New QPR Ranking – Kara Swisher – News AllThingsD November Retrieved November Jump up ^ A Yahoo Employee Ranking System Favored by Marissa Mayer Is Challenged in Court The New York Times February Jump up ^ Fortune Most Powerful Women in Business money cnn com Retrieved November Jump up ^ Fortune Most Powerful Women in Business Fortune Retrieved January ^ Jump up to a b Fortune Editors March Here Are the World s Most Disappointing Leaders Fortune Fortune Jump up ^ Josh Lipton What options does Marissa Mayer have left Cnbc com Retrieved Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer Firing Yahoo CEO Staff Can Save Company Says Shareholder Headlines Global News Jump up ^ Paul R La Monica January Hedge fund is sick of Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer CNNMoney Jump up ^ Timothy B Lee February Yahoo is laying off and putting itself up for sale Here s why Vox Jump up ^ Hazel Sheffield February Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer says company is considering selling its internet business The Independent Jump up ^ http money cnn com technology yahoo marissa mayer severance Jump up ^ Bell Lee Yahoo boss Marissa Mayer sued over gender bias allegations by MALE former employee Thesun co uk Retrieved Jump up ^ Jump up ^ Ethan Baron Lawsuit Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer led illegal purge of male workers Mercurynews com Retrieved Jump up ^ A Yahoo Employee Ranking System Favored by Marissa Mayer Is Challenged in Court Updated nytimes com Retrieved Jump up ^ Tong Brian Yahoo s Mayer sued for allegedly forcing out male employees Cnet com Retrieved Jump up ^ Why A Man Is Suing Yahoo For Sexism The Huffington Post Retrieved Jump up ^ Jeff Blagdon Yahoo s Marissa Mayer joins Jawbone board The Verge Retrieved June Jump up ^ Savitz Eric April Wal Mart Names Google s Marissa Mayer To Its Board Forbes Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo s new boss Marissa Mayer could see pay top m BBC July Retrieved August Jump up ^ Wal Mart Nominates Google s Marissa Mayer to Board Bloomberg April Retrieved September Jump up ^ Benchmark Marissa Mayer Put M In Stationery Design And Retail Site Minted TechCrunch ^ Jump up to a b c d e f g Yarow Jay July Here Are The Startups New Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer Has Invested In Business Insider Retrieved October Jump up ^ Kelly Heather May Meet the Martha Stewart of tech CNN Retrieved October Jump up ^ Shambora Jessica February One Kings Lane Silicon Valley s newest obsession Fortune Retrieved October Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer and Mark Pincus invested in a startup that makes brain drugs and chewable coffee Business Insider October Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer Most Powerful Women in Business CNNMoney com October Retrieved March Jump up ^ Rao Leena November Marissa Mayer Chosen As A Glamour Magazine Woman of the Year TechCrunch Retrieved April Jump up ^ Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer First Female to Top Annual Under List TheWrap Retrieved November Jump up ^ Sellers Patricia November Marissa Mayer s unprecedented amazing trifecta – Postcards Postcards blogs fortune cnn com Retrieved November Jump up ^ Top CEOs From Tim Cook to Justine Roberts These Are the Most Influential CEOs in the World Richtopia Retrieved January Jump up ^ Bigelow Catherine December Google Employee No gets hitched San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved July Jump up ^ Marissa Mayer and Zack Bogue one of the most powerful couples Wagcenter com Retrieved September Jump up ^ Sellers Patricia July New Yahoo CEO Mayer is pregnant Postcards CNNMoney com Retrieved August Jump up ^ Cain Miller Claire July Marissa Mayer New Yahoo Chief Is Pregnant The New York Times Retrieved August Jump up ^ Google s Marissa Mayer is Yahoo CEO says she s pregnant The Times of India July Retrieved August Jump up ^ Carlson Nickolas Marissa Mayer Had A Baby Boy Business Insider Retrieved October Jump up ^ Gaynes Sarah Waaaa hoo Yahoo CEO asks others to name baby Bostonherald com Retrieved October Jump up ^ Sellers Patricia Yahoo CEO Mayer reveals her baby s name CNN Money Retrieved October Jump up ^ Yahoo CEO Mayer gives birth to identical twin girls Marielle and Sylvana Reuters Jump up ^ Kim Grundy Yahoo s Marissa Mayer reveals her twins names a month after birth SheKnows Jump up ^ marissamayer on Twitter Twitter Retrieved Jump up ^ Yahoo CEO Mayer s God and baby is easy quotes go viral CNN December Retrieved December Jump up ^ Benny Evangelista November Marissa Mayer talks mobile priorities and Vince Lombardi in protest interupted sic talk at Dreamforce SF Gate Retrieved December Additional reading edit What Happened When Marissa Mayer Tried to Be Steve Jobs Nicholas Carlson The New York Times Marissa Mayer – How Yahoo went from mess to an Apple Design award Tim Green Hot Topics External links edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Marissa Mayer Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marissa Mayer Marissa Mayer at the Internet Movie Database Marissa Mayer One of the most powerful women in business Marissa Mayer Video produced by Makers Women Who Make America Business positions Preceded by Ross Levinsohn Acting Chief Executive Officer of Yahoo –present Incumbent hide v t e Yahoo Advertising APT from Yahoo BrightRoll Flurry Panama Right Media Search Marketing Development Developer Network BOSS Query Language UI Library Web portal and search engine Auctions Japan Hong Kong Taiwan Autos Celebrity Finance Health Homes Local Movies Music News Search Shine Shopping Sports Time Capsule Travel TV Wallet Communication Answers Groups Mail Rivals Publishing Flickr GeoCities Japan only Polyvore Tumblr Software Messenger versions Toolbar Co branded ISPs AT T BT Frontier Rogers Stanford University From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Redirected from Stanford Stanford redirects here For other uses see Stanford disambiguation Stanford University Leland Stanford Junior University Circular seal with tree in the center with motto and university name and founding date ringing the outer circle Seal of Stanford University Other name Stanford Motto German Die Luft der Freiheit weht Motto in English The wind of freedom blows Type Private research university Established Founder Leland and Jane Stanford Endowment US billion President Marc Tessier Lavigne Provost Persis Drell Academic staff Administrative staff excluding SHC Students Undergraduates Postgraduates Location Stanford California U S Coordinates ° ' ?N ° ' ?W Campus Suburban acres sq mi km Colors Cardinal and white Athletics NCAA Division I FBS – Pac Sports varsity sports teams men s women s coed Nickname Cardinal Mascot none The Stanford Tree is the mascot of the Band but not the university Sporting affiliations IRA PCCSC MPSF Website www stanford edu Stanford University logo Stanford is located in the US StanfordStanford Location in the United States Stanford is located in California StanfordStanford Location in California Stanford University Stanford officially Leland Stanford Junior University is a private research university in Stanford California adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco Its acre sq mi km campus is one of the largest in the United States note Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere The university was founded in by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child Leland Stanford Jr who had died of typhoid fever at age the previous year Stanford was a former Governor of California and U S Senator he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon The school admitted its first students years ago on October as a coeducational and non denominational institution Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanford s death in and again after much of the campus was damaged by the San Francisco earthquake Following World War II Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year There are three academic schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools Students compete in varsity sports and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac Conference It has gained NCAA team championships the second most for a university individual championships the most in Division I and has won the NACDA Directors Cup recognizing the university with the best overall athletic team achievement for consecutive years beginning in – Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a large number of companies that produce more than trillion in annual revenue equivalent to the th largest economy in the world It is the alma mater of living billionaires astronauts and Turing Award laureates note It is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students alumni faculty or staff Contents hide History Land Central campus Non central campus Faculty residences Other uses Landmarks Administration and organization Endowment and fundraising Academics Teaching and learning Research centers and institutes Libraries and digital resources Arts Reputation and rankings Discoveries and innovation Student life Student body Dormitories and student housing Athletics Traditions Religious life Greek life Student groups Safety People Award laureates and scholars See also Notes References Further reading External links History edit Center of the campus in Main article History of Stanford University Stanford University was founded in by Leland and Jane Stanford dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr their only child The institution opened in on Stanford s previous Palo Alto farm Despite being impacted by earthquakes in both and the campus was rebuilt each time In The Hoover Institution on War Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I The Stanford Medical Center completed in is a teaching hospital with over beds The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory originally named the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center which was established in performs research in particle physics Jane and Leland Stanford modeled their university after the great eastern universities and most specifically Cornell University and Harvard University Stanford opened being called the Cornell of the West in due to faculty being former Cornell professors and alumni including its first president David Starr Jordan Both Cornell and Stanford were among the first to have higher education be accessible nonsectarian and open to women as well to men Cornell is credited as one of the first American universities to adopt this radical departure from traditional education and Stanford became an early adopter as well Land edit An aerial photograph of the center of the Stanford University campus in Most of Stanford University is on an acre sq mi km campus on the San Francisco Peninsula in the northwest part of the Santa Clara Valley Silicon Valley approximately miles km southeast of San Francisco and approximately miles km northwest of San Jose this is the founding grant In of this land remained undeveloped Besides the central campus described below the university also operates at several more remote locations some elsewhere on the main campus some further afield see below Stanford s main campus includes a census designated place within unincorporated Santa Clara County although some of the university land such as the Stanford Shopping Center and the Stanford Research Park is within the city limits of Palo Alto The campus also includes much land in unincorporated San Mateo County including the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park Stanford Hills neighborhood Woodside and Portola Valley Central campus edit The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto bounded by El Camino Real Stanford Avenue Junipero Serra Boulevard and Sand Hill Road The United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes for campus mail and for P O box mail It lies within area code View of the main quadrangle of Stanford University with Memorial Church in the center background from across the grass covered Oval Non central campus edit Stanford currently operates or intends to operate in various locations outside of its central campus On the founding grant Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve is a acre ha natural reserve south of the central campus owned by the university and used by wildlife biologists for research SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is a facility west of the central campus operated by the university for the Department of Energy It contains the longest linear particle accelerator in the world miles km on acres ha of land Golf course and a seasonal lake The university also has its own golf course and a seasonal lake Lake Lagunita actually an irrigation reservoir both home to the vulnerable California tiger salamander As of Lake Lagunita was often dry and the university had no plans to artificially fill it Off the founding grant Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove California is a marine biology research center owned by the university since Study abroad locations unlike typical study abroad programs Stanford itself operates in several locations around the world thus each location has Stanford faculty in residence and staff in addition to students creating a mini Stanford China Stanford Center at Peking University housed in the Lee Jung Sen Building is a small center for researchers and students in collaboration with Peking University Locations in development Redwood City in the university purchased a small acre ha campus in Midpoint Technology Park intended for staff offices development was delayed by The Great Recession In the university announced a development plan Lake Lagunita in early spring the Dish a large radio telescope and local landmark is visible in the Stanford owned foothills behind the lake and is the high point of a popular campus jogging and walking trail Faculty residences edit Many Stanford faculty members live in the Faculty Ghetto within walking or biking distance of campus The Faculty Ghetto is composed of land owned entirely by Stanford Similar to a condominium the houses can be bought and sold but the land under the houses is rented on a year lease Houses in the Ghetto appreciate and depreciate but not as rapidly as overall Silicon Valley values However it remains an expensive area in which to own property and the average price of single family homes on campus is actually higher than in Palo Alto citation needed Other uses edit Some of the land is managed to provide revenue for the university such as the Stanford Shopping Center and the Stanford Research Park Stanford land is also leased for a token rent by the Palo Alto Unified School District for several schools including Palo Alto High School and Gunn High School El Camino Park the oldest Palo Alto city park established is also on Stanford land Landmarks edit Contemporary campus landmarks include the Main Quad and Memorial Church the Cantor Center for Visual Arts and the Bing Concert Hall the Stanford Mausoleum with the nearby Angel of Grief Hoover Tower the Rodin sculpture garden the Papua New Guinea Sculpture Garden the Arizona Cactus Garden the Stanford University Arboretum Green Library and the Dish Frank Lloyd Wright s Hanna–Honeycomb House and the Lou Henry Hoover House are both listed on the National Historic Register The Claw officially White Memorial Fountain between the Stanford Bookstore and the Old Union is a popular place to meet and to engage in the Stanford custom of fountain hopping it was installed in and designed by Aristides Demetrios after a national competition as a memorial for two brothers in the class of William N White and John B White II one of whom died before graduating and one shortly after in Interior of the Stanford Memorial Church at the center of the Main Quad Lou Henry Hoover House official residence of the University President Hoover Tower at feet m the tallest building on campus The Dish a feet m diameter radio telescope on the Stanford foothills overlooking the main campus The original Golden spike on display at the Cantor Arts Museum at Stanford University Stanford Main Quad at night White Memorial Fountain The Claw Administration and organization edit Stanford University is a tax exempt corporate trust governed by a privately appointed Board of Trustees with a maximum membership of note Trustees serve five year terms not more than two consecutive terms and meet five times annually A new trustee is chosen by the current trustees by ballot The Stanford trustees also oversee the Stanford Research Park the Stanford Shopping Center the Cantor Center for Visual Arts Stanford University Medical Center and many associated medical facilities including the Lucile Packard Children s Hospital The Board appoints a President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university and prescribe the duties of professors and course of study manage financial and business affairs and appoint nine vice presidents The Provost is the chief academic and budget officer to whom the deans of each of the seven schools report Persis Drell became the th Provost in February As of the university was organized into seven academic schools The schools of Humanities and Sciences departments Engineering departments and Earth Energy Environmental Sciences departments have both graduate and undergraduate programs while the Schools of Law Medicine Education and Business have graduate programs only The powers and authority of the faculty are vested in the Academic Council which is made up of tenure and non tenure line faculty research faculty senior fellows in some policy centers and institutes the president of the university and some other academic administrators but most matters are handled by the Faculty Senate made up of elected representatives of the faculty The Associated Students of Stanford University ASSU is the student government for Stanford University and all registered students are members Its elected leadership consists of the Undergraduate Senate elected by the undergraduate students the Graduate Student Council elected by the graduate students and the President and Vice President elected as a ticket by the entire student body Stanford is the beneficiary of a special clause in the California Constitution which explicitly exempts Stanford property from taxation so long as the property is used for educational purposes Endowment and fundraising edit The university s endowment managed by the Stanford Management Company was valued at billion in August over the previous year The endowment fell in as a result of the late s recession but posted gains of in and in when it was valued at billion Stanford has been the top fundraising university in the United States for several years It raised million in million in million in million in million in million in and billion in becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year In and it raised million and million Payouts from the Stanford endowment covered approximately of University expenses in the fiscal year compared to Princeton at and Harvard at In President John L Hennessy launched a five year campaign called the Stanford Challenge which reached its billion fundraising goal in two years ahead of time but continued fundraising for the duration of the campaign It concluded on December having raised a total of billion and breaking the previous campaign fundraising record of billion held by Yale Specifically the campaign raised million for undergraduate financial aid as well as billion for its initiative in Seeking Solutions to global problems billion for Educating Leaders by improving K education and billion for Foundation of Excellence aimed at providing academic support for Stanford students and faculty Funds supported new fellowships for graduate students new endowed chairs for faculty and new or renovated buildings The new funding also enabled the construction of a facility for stem cell research a new campus for the business school an expansion of the law school a new Engineering Quad a new art and art history building an on campus concert hall a new art museum and a planned expansion of the medical school among other things Academics edit Teaching and learning edit Walkway in the Main Quad Stanford follows a quarter system with Autumn quarter usually starting in late September and Spring Quarter ending in early June The full time four year undergraduate program has an arts and sciences focus with high graduate student coexistence Stanford is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Full time undergraduate tuition was for – Stanford s admission process is need blind for US citizens and permanent residents while it is not need blind for international students are on need based aid with an average aid package of In – the university awarded million in need based financial aid to students with an average aid package of Eighty percent of students receive some form of financial aid Stanford has a no loan policy For undergraduates admitted in Stanford waives tuition room and board for most families with incomes below and most families with incomes below are not required to pay tuition those with incomes up to may have tuition significantly reduced of students receive Pell Grants a common measure of low income students at a college Research centers and institutes edit Hoover Tower inspired by the cathedral tower at Salamanca in Spain From the Hoover Tower one can see all of the Stanford campus Pictured is the Main Quad and Serra Mall As of the Office of the Vice Provost and Dean of Research oversaw eighteen independent laboratories centers and institutes Other Stanford affiliated institutions include the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory originally the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center the Stanford Research Institute an independent institution which originated at the university the Hoover Institution on War Revolution and Peace a major public policy think tank that attracts visiting scholars from around the world and the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design a multidisciplinary design school in cooperation with the Hasso Plattner Institute of University of Potsdam that integrates product design engineering and business management education citation needed Stanford is home to the Martin Luther King Jr Research and Education Institute which grew out of and still contains the Martin Luther King Jr Papers Project a collaboration with the King Center to publish the King papers held by the King Center It also runs the John S Knight Fellowship for Professional Journalists and the Center for Ocean Solutions which brings together marine science and policy to address challenges facing the ocean Libraries and digital resources edit Green Library Main article Stanford University Libraries As of Stanford University Libraries SUL held a collection of more than million volumes nearly rare or special books million e books million audiovisual materials serials nearly million microform holdings and thousands of other digital resources The main library in the SU library system is Green Library which also contains various meeting and conference rooms study spaces and reading rooms Lathrop Library previously Meyer Library demolished in holds various student accessible media resources and houses one of the largest East Asia collections with volumes Arts edit Bronze statues by Auguste Rodin are scattered through the campus including these Burghers of Calais Stanford University is home to the Cantor Center for Visual Arts museum with galleries sculpture gardens terraces and a courtyard first established in by Jane and Leland Stanford as a memorial to their only child The Center s collection of works by Rodin is among the largest in the world The Thomas Welton Stanford Gallery built in serves as a teaching resource for the Department of Art Art History as well as an exhibition venue There are outdoor art installations throughout the campus primarily sculptures but some murals as well The Papua New Guinea Sculpture Garden near Roble Hall features includes wood carvings and totem poles The Stanford music department sponsors many ensembles including five choirs the Stanford Symphony Orchestra Stanford Taiko and the Stanford Wind Ensemble Extracurricular activities include theater groups such as Ram s Head Theatrical Society the Stanford Improvisors the Stanford Shakespeare Society and the Stanford Savoyards a group dedicated to performing the works of Gilbert and Sullivan There are award winning a cappella music groups including the Mendicants Counterpoint the Stanford Fleet Street Singers Harmonics Mixed Company Testimony Talisman Everyday People and Raagapella The creative writing program brings young writers to campus via the Stegner Fellowships and other graduate scholarship programs Knight Journalism Fellows are invited to spend a year at the campus taking seminars and courses of their choice The Stanford Spoken Word Collective an extracurricular writing and performance group also serves as the school s poetry slam team Stanford also hosts various publishing courses for professionals The Stanford Professional Publishing Course which was offered on campus since the late s brought together international publishing professionals to discuss changing business models in magazine and book publishing It ended in although the tradition has continued at Yale with the Yale Publishing Course that began in Videos from the Stanford Professional Publishing Courses were available on their website as of Reputation and rankings edit University rankings National ARWU Forbes U S News World Report Washington Monthly Global ARWU QS Times U S News World Report Notably Stanford ranks high and often first in many domestic college ranking measures leading Slate to dub Stanford in as the Harvard of the st century and The New York Times in the same year to conclude that Stanford University has become America s it school by measures that Harvard once dominated From polls done by The Princeton Review in and the most commonly named dream college for students was Stanford separately parents too most frequently named Stanford as their dream college The inaugural Wall Street Journal Times Higher Education College Rankings picked Stanford as the No school in the United States Gate to the Main Quad Globally the Academic Ranking of World Universities ARWU ranked Stanford second most years from to Discoveries and innovation edit See also Carnegie Mellon discoveries and innovation Illinois discoveries and innovation MIT discoveries and innovation and Cal Berkeley discoveries and innovation Stanford is one of the most successful universities in creating companies and licensing its inventions to existing companies it is often held up as a model for technology transfer Stanford s Office of Technology Licensing is responsible for commercializing developments and has been run by Katherine Ku since She took over from Niels Reimers who had been with the office for years Stanford faculty and alumni have founded many companies including Google Hewlett Packard Nike Instagram Snapchat LinkedIn and Yahoo and companies founded by Stanford alumni generate more than trillion in annual revenue equivalent to the th largest economy in the world Developments include biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Arthur Kornberg synthesized DNA material and won the Nobel Prize in for his work at Stanford First Transgenic organism Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another a fundamental discovery for genetic engineering Thousands of products have been developed on the basis of their work including human growth hormone and hepatitis B vaccine Nuclear magnetic resonance Felix Bloch developed new ways and methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements which are the underlying principles of the MRI klystron tube invented by the brothers Russell and Sigurd Varian at Stanford Their prototype was completed and demonstrated successfully on August Upon publication in news of the klystron immediately influenced the work of US and UK researchers working on radar equipment laser Arthur Leonard Schawlow shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for his work on lasers RISC ARPA funded VLSI project of microprocessor design Stanford and Cal Berkeley are most associated with the popularization of this concept Stanford s design would go on to be commercialized as the successful MIPS architecture while Berkeley RISC gave its name to the entire concept commercialized as the SPARC Another success from this era were IBM s efforts that eventually led to the Power Architecture As these projects matured a wide variety of similar designs flourished in the late s and especially the early s representing a major force in the Unix workstation market as well as embedded processors in laser printers routers and similar products Frequency modulation synthesis John Chowning discovered the FM synthesis algorithm in Google Google began in January as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford They were working on the Stanford Digital Library Project SDLP The SDLP s goal was to develop the enabling technologies for a single integrated and universal digital library and it was funded through the National Science Foundation among other federal agencies SUN workstation Andy Bechtolsheim designed the SUN workstation for the Stanford University Network communications project as a personal CAD workstation Which led to Sun Microsystems ARPANET Stanford Research Institute formerly part of Stanford but on a separate campus was the site of one of the four original ARPANET nodes Student life edit Student body edit Demographics of students and comparison to California and United States Census estimates Undergraduate Adjusted Percentage notedemo Graduate California United States Black or African American notedemo Asian notedemo notedemo White notedemo Hispanic Latino American Indian or Alaska Native notedemo Native Hawaiian or other U S Pacific Islander n a notedemo Two or more races n a notedemo Race ethnicity unknown n a n a International student n a n a Notes Jump up ^ adjusted for US citizens and permanent residents only since racial breakdown in the Stanford data is not given for students here on temporary visas The census data for California and the United States as a whole does include people who are here on temporary visas or who are undocumented ^ Jump up to a b c d Does not include Hispanic Americans ^ Jump up to a b c The data for graduate students merges Asian with Pacific Islander Also no separate category for multiple races Stanford enrolled undergraduate and graduate students as of October and women comprised of undergraduates and of professional and graduate students In the same academic year the freshman retention rate was Stanford awarded undergraduate degrees Master s degrees doctoral degrees and professional degrees in the – school year The four year graduation rate in the class of was and the six year rate was The relatively low four year graduation rate is a function of the university s coterminal degree or coterm program which allows students to earn a master s degree as an extension of their undergraduate program As of fifteen percent of undergraduates were first generation students Dormitories and student housing edit Main article Stanford University student housing As of of undergraduate students lived in on campus university housing First year undergraduates are required to live on campus and all undergraduates are guaranteed housing for all four undergraduate years Undergraduates live in different houses including dormitories co ops row houses and fraternities and sororities At Manzanita Park mobile homes were installed as temporary housing from to but as of was the site of newer dorms Castano Kimball Lantana and the Humanities House completed in Most student residences are just outside the campus core within ten minutes on foot or bike of most classrooms and libraries Some are reserved for freshman sophomores or upperclass students and some are open to all four classes Most residences are co ed seven are all male fraternities three are all female sororities and there is also one all female non sorority house Roth House In most residences men and women live on the same floor but a few dorms are configured for men and women to live on separate floors single gender floors including all Wilbur dorms except for Arroyo and Okada Many students use bicycles to get around the large campus Several residences are considered theme houses The Academic Language and Culture Houses include EAST Education And Society Themed House Hammarskjöld International Themed House Haus Mitteleuropa Central European Themed House La Casa Italiana Italian Language and Culture La Maison Française French Language and Culture House Slavianskii Dom Slavic East European Themed House Storey Human Biology Themed House and Yost Spanish Language and Culture Cross Cultural Themed Houses include Casa Zapata Chicano Latino Theme in Stern Hall Muwekma tah ruk American Indian Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Themed House Okada Asian American Themed House in Wilbur Hall and Ujamaa Black African American Themed House in Lagunita Court Focus Houses include Freshman Sophomore College Academic Focus Branner Hall Community Service Kimball Arts Performing Arts Crothers Global Citizenship and Toyon Sophomore Priority Theme houses predating the current theme classification system are Columbae Social Change Through Nonviolence since and Synergy Exploring Alternatives since Co ops or Self Ops are another housing option These houses feature cooperative living where residents and eating associates each contribute work to keep the house running such as cooking meals or cleaning shared spaces These houses have unique themes around which their community is centered Many co ops are hubs of music art and philosophy The co ops on campus are Alvarado Row formerly Chi Theta Chi Columbae Enchanted Broccoli Forest EBF Hammarskjöld Kairos Terra the unofficial LGBT house and Synergy Phi Sigma at Campus Drive was formerly Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity but in became a Self Op As of around percent of the graduate student population lived on campus First year graduate students are guaranteed on campus housing Stanford also subsidizes off campus apartments in nearby Palo Alto Menlo Park and Mountain View for graduate students who are guaranteed on campus housing but are unable to live on campus due to a lack of space Athletics edit Main article Stanford Cardinal The new Stanford Stadium site of home football games The Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band rallies football fans with arrangements of All Right Now and other contemporary music As of Stanford had male varsity sports and female varsity sports club sports and about intramural sports In following a unanimous vote by the Executive Committee for the Associated Students the athletic department adopted the mascot Indian The Indian symbol and name were later dropped by President Richard Lyman in after objections from Native American students and a vote by the student senate The sports teams are now officially referred to as the Stanford Cardinal referring to the deep red color not the cardinal bird Stanford is a member of the Pac Conference in most sports the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in several other sports and the America East Conference in field hockey with the participation in the inter collegiate NCAA s Division I FBS Its traditional sports rival is Berkeley the neighbor to the north in the East Bay The winner of the annual Big Game between the Cal and Cardinal football teams gains custody of the Stanford Axe Stanford has had at least one NCAA team champion every year since the – school year and has earned NCAA national team titles since its establishment second most and only fewer than the four times larger enrollment UCLA Bruins and Stanford has won individual national championships the most by any university Stanford has won the award for the top ranked collegiate athletic program — the NACDA Directors Cup formerly known as the Sears Cup – annually for the past twenty two straight years Stanford athletes have won medals in every Olympic Games since winning Olympic medals total of them gold In the Summer Olympics and Summer Olympics Stanford won more Olympic medals than any other university in the United States Stanford athletes won medals at the Summer Games gold silver and bronze and medals at the Summer Games Traditions edit Vintage Stanford University postcard The unofficial motto of Stanford University selected by President Jordan is Die Luft der Freiheit weht Translated from the German language this quotation from Ulrich von Hutten means The wind of freedom blows The motto was controversial during World War I when anything in German was suspect at that time the university disavowed that this motto was official Hail Stanford Hail is the Stanford Hymn sometimes sung at ceremonies or adapted by the various University singing groups It was written in by mechanical engineering professor Albert W Smith and his wife Mary Roberts Smith in she earned the first Stanford doctorate in Economics and later became associate professor of Sociology but was not officially adopted until after a performance on campus in March by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir Uncommon Man Uncommon Woman Stanford does not award honorary degrees but in the degree of Uncommon Man Uncommon Woman was created to recognize individuals who give rare and extraordinary service to the University Technically this degree is awarded by the Stanford Associates a voluntary group that is part of the university s alumni association As Stanford s highest honor it is not conferred at prescribed intervals but only when appropriate to recognize extraordinary service Recipients include Herbert Hoover Bill Hewlett Dave Packard Lucile Packard and John Gardner Big Game events The events in the week leading up to the Big Game vs UC Berkeley including Gaieties a musical written composed produced and performed by the students of Ram s Head Theatrical Society Viennese Ball a formal ball with waltzes that was initially started in the s by students returning from the now closed Stanford in Vienna overseas program It is now open to all students Mausoleum Party An annual Halloween Party at the Stanford Mausoleum the final resting place of Leland Stanford Jr and his parents A year tradition the Mausoleum party was on hiatus from to due to a lack of funding but was revived in In it was hosted in Old Union rather than at the actual Mausoleum because rain prohibited generators from being rented In after fundraising efforts by the Junior Class Presidents and the ASSU Executive the event was able to return to the Mausoleum despite facing budget cuts earlier in the year Former campus traditions include the Big Game bonfire on Lake Lagunita a seasonal lake usually dry in the fall which was formally ended in because of the presence of endangered salamanders in the lake bed Religious life edit Students and staff at Stanford are of many different religions The Stanford Office for Religious Life s mission is to guide nurture and enhance spiritual religious and ethical life within the Stanford University community by promoting enriching dialogue meaningful ritual and enduring friendships among people of all religious backgrounds It is headed by a dean with the assistance of a senior associate dean and an associate dean Stanford Memorial Church in the center of campus has a Sunday University Public Worship service UPW usually in the Protestant Ecumenical Christian tradition where the Memorial Church Choir sings and a sermon is preached usually by one of the Stanford deans for Religious Life UPW sometimes has multifaith services In addition the church is used by the Catholic community and by some of the other Christian denominations at Stanford Weddings happen most Saturdays and the university has for over years allowed blessings of same gender relationships and now legal weddings In addition to the church the Office for Religious Life has a Center for Inter Religious Community Learning and Experiences CIRCLE on the third floor of Old Union It offers a common room an interfaith sanctuary a seminar room a student lounge area and a reading room as well as offices housing a number of Stanford Associated Religions SAR member groups and the Senior Associate Dean and Associate Dean for Religious Life Most though not all religious student groups belong to SAR The SAR directory includes organizations that serve atheist Baha i Buddhist Christian Hindu Islam Jewish and Sikh groups though these groups vary year by year The Windhover Contemplation Center was dedicated in October and was intended to provide spiritual sanctuary for students and staff in the midst of their course and work schedules the center displays the Windhover paintings by Nathan Olivera the late Stanford professor and artist Some religions have a larger and more formal presence on campus in addition to the student groups these include the Catholic Community at Stanford and Hillel at Stanford Greek life edit Fraternities and sororities have been active on the Stanford campus since when the university first opened In University President Donald Tresidder banned all Stanford sororities due to extreme competition However following Title IX the Board of Trustees lifted the year ban on sororities in Students are not permitted to join a fraternity or sorority until Spring quarter of their freshman year As of Stanford had Greek organizations including sororities and fraternities Nine of the Greek organizations are housed eight in University owned houses and one Sigma Chi in their own house though the land is the University Six chapters were members of the African American Fraternal and Sororal Association chapters were members of the Interfraternity Council chapters belonged to the Intersorority Council and chapters belonged to the Multicultural Greek Council Stanford is home to three unhoused historically NPHC National Pan Hellenic Council or Divine Nine sororities Alpha Kappa Alpha Delta Sigma Theta and Sigma Gamma Rho and three unhoused NPHC fraternities Alpha Phi Alpha Kappa Alpha Psi and Phi Beta Sigma These fraternities and sororities operate under the AAFSA African American Fraternal Sororal Association at Stanford citation needed Seven historically NPC National Panhellenic Conference sororities four of which are unhoused Alpha Phi Alpha Epsilon Phi Chi Omega and Kappa Kappa Gamma and three of which are housed Delta Delta Delta Kappa Alpha Theta and Pi Beta Phi call Stanford home These sororities operate under the Stanford Inter sorority Council ISC citation needed Eleven historically NIC National Interfraternity Conference fraternities are also represented at Stanford including five unhoused fraternities Alpha Epsilon Pi Delta Kappa Epsilon Delta Tau Delta Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Sigma Phi Epsilon and six housed fraternities Kappa Alpha Order Kappa Sigma Phi Kappa Psi Sigma Chi Sigma Nu and Theta Delta Chi These fraternities operate under the Stanford Inter fraternity Council IFC citation needed There are also four unhoused MGC Multicultural Greek Council sororities on campus Alpha Kappa Delta Phi Lambda Theta Nu Sigma Psi Zeta and Sigma Theta Psi as well as two unhoused MGC fraternities Gamma Zeta Alpha and Lambda Phi Epsilon Lambda Phi Epsilon is recognized by the National Interfraternity Conference NIC Student groups edit As of Stanford had student organizations Groups are often though not always partially funded by the University via allocations directed by the student government organization the ASSU These funds include special fees which are decided by a Spring Quarter vote by the student body Groups span from Athletic Recreational see section on Athletics Careers Pre professional Community Service Ethnic Cultural Fraternities Sororities Health Counseling Media Publications Music Dance Creative Arts see section on Arts Political Social Awareness to Religious Philosophical The Stanford Daily is the daily newspaper and has been published since the University was founded in The Stanford Review is a conservative student newspaper founded in The student run radio station KZSU Stanford FM features freeform music programming sports commentary and news segments it started in as an AM radio station Students run SUpost com an online marketplace for Stanford students and alumni in partnership with Stanford Student Enterprises SSE and the Stanford Pre Business Association The latter is intended to build connections among industry alumni and student communities Stanford Marketing is a student group that provides students hands on training through research and strategy consulting projects with Fortune clients as well as workshops led by people from industry and professors in the Stanford Graduate School of Business Stanford Finance provides mentoring and internships for students who want to enter a career in finance The Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students BASES is one of the largest professional organizations in Silicon Valley with over members Its goal is to support the next generation of entrepreneurs Stanford Women In Business SWIB is an on campus business organization consisting of over a board of and active members Each year SWIB organizes over events and workshops hosts a winter and spring conference and provides mentorship and spring quarter internships StartX is a non profit startup accelerator for student and faculty led startups that over of the study body has applied to It is staffed primarily by students Other groups include The Stanford Axe Committee is the official guardian of the Stanford Axe and the rest of the time assists the Stanford Band as a supplementary spirit group It has existed since The Stanford solar car project in which students build a solar powered car every years and race it in either the North American Solar Challenge or the World Solar Challenge The Pilipino American Student Union PASU a culture oriented community service and social activism group Also integral to PASU is a traditional performing arts arm called Kayumanggi The Stanford Improvisors SIMPS for short teach and perform improvisational theatre on campus and in the surrounding community In the group finished second in the Golden Gate Regional College Improv tournament and they ve since been invited twice to perform at the annual San Francisco Improv Festival Asha for Education is a national student group founded in by V J P Srivatsavoy Deepak Gupta and Sandeep Pandey It focuses mainly on education in India and supporting nonprofit organizations that work mainly in the education sector Asha s Stanford chapter organizes events like Holi as well as lectures by prominent leaders from India at the university campus Safety edit Stanford s Department of Public Safety is responsible for law enforcement and safety on the main campus Its deputy sheriffs are peace officers by arrangement with the Santa Clara County Sheriff s Office The department is also responsible for publishing an annual crime report covering the previous three years as required by the Clery Act Fire protection has been provided by contract with the Palo Alto Fire Department since Murder is rare on the campus though a few of the cases have been notorious including Theodore Streleski s murder of his professor in and the unsolved murder of Arlis Perry in Stanford Memorial Church In Stanford University s Campus Climate Survey percent of female undergraduates reported experiencing sexual assault as defined by the university and percent reported experiencing sexual misconduct According to the survey of perpetrators of misconduct were Stanford students and were men Perpetrators of sexual misconduct were frequently aided by alcohol or drugs according to the survey Nearly three fourths of the students whose responses were categorized as sexual assault indicated that the act was accomplished by a person or person taking advantage of them when they were drunk or high according to the survey Close to percent of students who reported an experience of sexual misconduct involving nonconsensual penetration and or oral sex indicated the same Associated Students of Stanford University and student and alumni activists with the anti rape group Stand with Leah criticized the survey methodology for downgrading incidents involving alcohol if students did not check two separate boxes indicating they were both intoxicated and incapacity while sexually assaulted Reporting on the Brock Turner rape case a reporter from The Washington Post analyzed campus rape reports submitted by universities to the U S Department of Education and found that Stanford was one of the top ten universities in campus rapes in with reported that year but when analyzed by rapes per students Stanford was not among the top ten Main article People v Turner Early in the morning of January a woman visiting campus to attend a party at the Kappa Alpha fraternity was raped by Brock Turner a freshman who had a swimming scholarship The rape was interrupted by two Swedish graduate students Stanford immediately referred the case to prosecutors and offered the woman counseling and within two weeks had barred Turner from campus after conducting an investigation Turner was convicted on three felony charges in March and in June he received a jail sentence of six months and was declared a sex offender requiring him to register as such for the rest of his life prosecutors had sought a six year prison sentence out of the maximum years that was possible The case and the relatively lenient sentence drew nationwide attention The judge in the case a Stanford graduate faced a recall effort in the aftermath See also Joe Lonsdale § Personal In February Elise Clougherty filed a sexual assault and harassment lawsuit against venture capitalist Joe Lonsdale Lonsdale and Clougherty entered into a relationship in the spring of when she was a junior and he was her mentor in a Stanford entrepreneurship course By the spring of Clougherty had broken off the relationship and filed charges at Stanford that Lonsdale had broken the Stanford policy against consensual relationships between students and faculty and that he had sexually assaulted and harassed her which resulted in Lonsdale being banned from Stanford for years Lonsdale challenged Stanford s finding that he had had sexually assaulted and harassed her and Stanford rescinded that finding and the campus ban in the fall of Clougherty withdrew her suit that fall as well People edit Main article List of Stanford University people As of late Stanford had tenure line faculty senior fellows center fellows and medical center faculty Award laureates and scholars edit Stanford s current community of scholars includes Nobel Prize laureates official count affiliates in total members of the National Academy of Sciences members of National Academy of Engineering members of Institute of Medicine members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences recipients of the National Medal of Science recipients of the National Medal of Technology recipients of the National Humanities Medal members of American Philosophical Society fellows of the American Physics Society since Pulitzer Prize winners MacArthur Fellows Wolf Foundation Prize winners ACL Lifetime Achievement Award winners AAAI fellows Presidential Medal of Freedom winners Stanford s faculty and former faculty includes Nobel laureates as well as recipients if visiting professors and consulting professors included of the Turing Award the so called Nobel Prize in computer science comprising one third of the awards given in its year history The university has ACM fellows It is also affiliated with Gödel Prize winners Knuth Prize recipients IJCAI Computers and Thought Award winners and about Grace Murray Hopper Award winners for their work in the foundations of computer science Stanford alumni have started many companies and according to Forbes has produced the second highest number of billionaires of all universities Eight Stanford alumni have won the Nobel Prize As of Stanford students have been named Rhodes Scholars See also edit SF From Marin Highlands jpgSan Francisco Bay Area portal Platopainting jpgUniversity portal List of colleges and universities in California S a collaboration between seven universities and the Karolinska Institutet for training in bioinformatics and genomics Notes edit Jump up ^ It is often stated that Stanford has the largest contiguous campus in the world or the United States but that depends on definitions Berry College with over acres sq mi km Paul Smith s College with acres sq mi km and the United States Air Force Academy with acres ha are larger but are not usually classified as universities Duke University at acres sq mi km does have more land but it is not contiguous However the University of the South has over acres sq mi km Jump up ^ Undergraduate school alumni who received the Turing Award Vint Cerf BS Math Stanford MS CS UCLA PhD CS UCLA Allen Newell BS Physics Stanford PhD Carnegie Institute of Technology Graduate school alumni who received the Turing Award Martin Hellman BE New York University MS Stanford University PhD Stanford University all in electrical engineering Professor at Stanford – John Hopcroft BS Seattle University MS EE Stanford Phd EE Stanford Barbara Liskov BSc Berkeley PhD Stanford Raj Reddy BS from Guindy College of Engineering Madras India M Tech University of New South Wales PhD Stanford Ronald Rivest BA Yale PhD Stanford Robert Tarjan BS Caltech MS Stanford PhD Non alumni former and current faculty staff and researchers who received the Turing Award Whitfield Diffie BS mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Visiting scholar at Stanford – and an affiliate from – currently a consulting professor at CISAC The Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University Doug Engelbart BS EE Oregon State University MS EE Berkeley PhD Berkeley Researcher Director at Stanford Research Institute SRI – Director Bootstrap Project at Stanford University – Edward Feigenbaum BS Carnegie Institute of Technology PhD Carnegie Institute of Technology Associate Professor at Stanford – Professor at Stanford – Professor Emeritus at Stanford present Robert W Floyd BA BSc Physics both from University of Chicago Professor at Stanford – Sir Antony Hoare Undergraduate at Oxford University Visiting Professor at Stanford Alan Kay BA BS from University of Colorado at Boulder PhD from University of Utah Researcher at Stanford – John McCarthy BS Math Caltech PhD Princeton Assistant Professor at Stanford – Professor at Stanford – Robin Milner BSc from Cambridge University Researcher at Stanford University – Amir Pnueli BSc Math from Technion PhD Weizmann Institute of Science Instructor at Stanford Visitor at Stanford Dana Scott BA Berkeley PhD Princeton Associate Professor at Stanford – Niklaus Wirth BS Swiss Federal Institute of Technology MSC Universite Laval Canada PhD Berkeley Assistant Professor at Stanford University – Andrew Yao BS physics National University of Taiwan AM Physics Haravard PhD Physics Harvard PhD CS University of Illinois Urbana Champagin Assistant Professor at Stanford University – Professor at Stanford University – Jump up ^ The rules governing the board have changed over time The original trustees were appointed for life in by the Stanfords as were some of the subsequent replacements In Jane Stanford changed the maximum number of trustees from to and set the term of office to years On June she resigned her powers as Founder and the board took on its full powers In the s the board decided that members was not sufficient to do all the work needed and in March petitioned the courts to raise the maximum number to of whom would be regular trustees serving year terms and would be alumni trustees serving year terms In another petition was successfully made to have the number raised to a maximum of with a minimum of that all trustees would be just trustees and that the university president would be a trustee ex officio The last original trustee Timothy Hopkins died in the last life trustee Joseph D Grant appointed in died in References edit ^ Jump up to a b c Casper Gerhard October Die Luft der Freiheit weht—On and Off Speech Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b History Stanford University Stanford University Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b Chapter The University and the Faculty Faculty Handbook Stanford University September Retrieved Jump up ^ As of June U S and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year FY Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY to FY PDF National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute February Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Stanford Facts The Stanford Faculty Stanford University Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b Stanford Facts Administration Finances Stanford University February Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b c d Stanford Facts at a Glance Stanford University Retrieved Jump up ^ Stanford University Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey January Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b What is the history of Stanford s mascot and nickname Stanford Athletics July Retrieved July Jump up ^ Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax – IRS Form ^ Jump up to a b c Where is Stanford Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Virtual Tours Stanford University Retrieved April Jump up ^ Keck Gayle Stanford A Haven in Silicon Valley PDF Executive Travel Magazine Jump up ^ History – Part The New Century Stanford University Stanford edu Retrieved December Jump up ^ History – Part The Rise of Silicon Valley Stanford University Stanford edu Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b Chea Terence February Stanford University is st College to raise B Associated Press Retrieved March ^ Jump up to a b National Championships overall NCAA Retrieved December Jump up ^ Championship Summary through July PDF NCAA Retrieved December Jump up ^ Meister Christine June Stanford Captures Division I LSDC Cup SEC has Institutions in top Retrieved September ^ Jump up to a b Beckett Jamie October Study shows Stanford alumni create nearly trillion in economic impact each year Stanford Report Retrieved July Jump up ^ Vinton Cerf – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Allen Newell acm org Jump up ^ Martin Hellman acm org Jump up ^ John E Hopcroft acm org Jump up ^ Barbara Liskov acm org Jump up ^ Raj Reddy – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Ronald L Rivest – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Robert E Tarjan – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Whitfield Diffie acm org Jump up ^ Douglas Engelbart acm org Jump up ^ Edward A Feigenbaum – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Robert W Floyd – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Lee J A N Charles Antony Richard Tony Hoare IEEE Computer Society Retrieved February Jump up ^ Alan Kay acm org Jump up ^ John McCarthy acm org Jump up ^ A J Milner – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Amir Pnueli acm org Jump up ^ Dana S Scott – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Niklaus E Wirth acm org Jump up ^ Andrew C Yao – A M Turing Award Winner acm org Jump up ^ Farrell Andrew Billionaire Universities Forbes Jump up ^ Harvard Stanford Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress Jump up ^ Carey Bjorn August Stanford s Maryam Mirzakhani wins Fields Medal Stanford Report Stanford University Retrieved September Jump up ^ Davis Margo Nilan Roxanne November The Stanford Album A Photographic History Stanford University Press ISBN Jump up ^ Stanford University Location Enrollment Notable Alumni britannica com December Jump up ^ https books google com books id oe qpzomMwkC pg PA lpg PA dq cornell stanford history david starr jordan source bl ots DaVhxm yob sig GjHHUu EhmDfe wdDtr VIBiedI hl en sa X ved ahUKEwi lqDmoqTTAhUU IMKHW xDAI ChDoAQg MAU v onepage q cornell stanford history david starr jordan f false Jump up ^ University spent billion locally in study shows Retrieved May Jump up ^ Stanford Facts The Stanford Lands Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ About SLAC Retrieved April Jump up ^ Julia Enthoven December University monitors Lake Lagunita after fall storms The Stanford Daily Retrieved December Jump up ^ Faculty in Residence Bing Overseas Study Program Retrieved December Jump up ^ About the Center Stanford Center at Peking Stanford University Archived from the original on July Retrieved July Jump up ^ The Lee Jung Sen Building Stanford Center at Peking University Stanford University Archived from the original on July Retrieved July Jump up ^ Redwood City campus remains undeveloped The Stanford Daily July Retrieved April Jump up ^ Chesley Kate September Redwood City approves Stanford office building proposals Stanford Report Stanford University Retrieved July Jump up ^ Kadvany Elena December Stanford s Redwood City campus moves closer to reality Palo Alto Weekly Retrieved December Jump up ^ Stanford Faculty Staff Housing Retrieved December Jump up ^ Breitrose Charlie December SCHOOLS District wants Stanford land for school Palo Alto Weekly Retrieved January Jump up ^ El Camino Park City of Palo Alto Retrieved January Jump up ^ Sullivan Kathleen J August Machinists restoring White Memorial Fountain aka The Claw develop an affinity for the campus icon Stanford News Retrieved December Jump up ^ Sullivan Kathleen J June Sculptor returns for update on White Plaza fountain makeover Stanford News Retrieved December Jump up ^ Kofman Nicole May Frolicking in fountains Stanford Daily Retrieved December Jump up ^ Steffen Nancy L May The Claw White Plaza Dedication Stanford Daily Retrieved December Has information on the White brothers that slightly corrects some of the facts in other articles ^ Jump up to a b Stanford University – The Founding Grant with Amendments Legislation and Court Decrees PDF Stanford University Retrieved Jump up ^ University Governance and Organization Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Stanford University Facts—Finances and Governance Stanford University Retrieved November Jump up ^ University Governance and Organization Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ About the Provost Office of the Provost Stanford University Retrieved February Jump up ^ About the Office – Office of the Provost Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Stanford s Seven Schools Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ University Governance and Organization Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ University Governance and Organization Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Grodin Joseph R Massey Calvin R Cunningham Richard B The California State Constitution A Reference Guide Westport Connecticut Greenwood Press p ISBN X Jump up ^ Reports from Stanford Management Company Stanford Management Company Retrieved December Jump up ^ Official University Endowment FAQ PDF Stanford University p Retrieved February Jump up ^ Endowment Returns Still Uncertain Going Forward November Retrieved February Jump up ^ Stanford Tops Harvard Yale With Million in Private Gifts Bloomberg February Retrieved January Jump up ^ Donations Are Up But Not From Alumni Insider Higher Ed Retrieved January Jump up ^ Top Fund Raising Institutions The Chronicle of Higher Education March p A Jump up ^ Stanford giving drops in still tops list of universities The Stanford Daily October Retrieved January Jump up ^ Finances Stanford University Facts Retrieved January ^ Jump up to a b Stanford Facts Finances Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Official University Endowment FAQ PDF Stanford University p Retrieved September Jump up ^ Stanford Raises Billion in Five Year Campaign Inside Higher Ed February Jump up ^ Stanford Nets billion in year Campaign The Huffington Post February Jump up ^ Stanford Concludes Transformative Campaign Jump up ^ The Stanford Challenge – Final Report – By the Numbers Overall Archived from the original on February Retrieved February ^ Jump up to a b Carnegie Classifications—Stanford University Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Retrieved January Jump up ^ WASC—Stanford Reaccreditation by WASC Stanford University Registrar s Office Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b c d e f g h i j k l m Common Data Set Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Stanford offers admission to students expands financial aid program Stanford News March Retrieved May Jump up ^ Interdisciplinary Laboratories Centers and Institutes Stanford University Retrieved Jump up ^ The King Papers Project The Martin Luther King Jr Research and Education Institute Jump up ^ Center for Ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Retrieved April Jump up ^ Stanford Facts Stanford Libraries Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Rodin The Complete Stanford Collection Cantor Arts Center Retrieved April Jump up ^ Virtual Host Frozen stanford edu Jump up ^ About the Mendicants Retrieved July Jump up ^ About Counterpoint Retrieved July Jump up ^ About Fleet Street Retrieved July Because Fleet Street maintains Stanford songs as a regular part of its performing repertoire the university used the group as ambassadors during the University s centennial celebration and commissioned an album entitled Up Toward Mountains Higher of Stanford songs which were sent to alumni around the world Jump up ^ About Mixed Company Retrieved July Jump up ^ About Raagapella Retrieved August Jump up ^ Stanford Spoken Word Collective Stanford University Retrieved June Jump up ^ Stanford Publishing Courses for Professionals Stanford University Retrieved January Jump up ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities USA Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Retrieved August Jump up ^ America s Top Colleges Forbes July Jump up ^ Best Colleges National Universities Rankings U S News World Report September Jump up ^ Rankings National Universities Washington Monthly Retrieved September Jump up ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Retrieved August Jump up ^ QS World University Rankings® Quacquarelli Symonds Limited Retrieved September Jump up ^ World University Rankings THE Education Ltd Retrieved September Jump up ^ Best Global Universities Rankings U S News World Report LP Retrieved October Jump up ^ Oremus Will April Silicon Is the New Ivy Slate Retrieved June Jump up ^ Pérez Peña Richard May To Young Minds of Today Harvard Is the Stanford of the East New York Times Retrieved June Jump up ^ College Hopes Worries Press Release Princeton Review Retrieved April Jump up ^ WSJ THE College Rankings Jump up ^ ARWU Stanford University Retrieved September Jump up ^ Nigel Page The Making of a Licensing Legend Stanford University s Office of Technology Licensing Chapter in Sharing the Art of IP Management Globe White Page Ltd London U K Jump up ^ Timothy Lenoir Inventing the entrepreneurial university Stanford and the co evolution of Silicon Valley pp in Building Technology Transfer within Research Universities An Entrepreneurial Approach Edited by Thomas J Allen and Rory P O Shea Cambridge University Press ISBN Jump up ^ Lawrence M Fisher for The New York Times September Stanford Picks Inventor As Head of Licensing Jump up ^ Who we are Office of Technology Licensing Stanford University Retrieved November Jump up ^ Yount Lisa A to Z of biologists New York Facts on File pp – ISBN Retrieved May Jump up ^ Cohen S N September DNA cloning A personal view after years Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – doi pnas PMC ?Freely accessible PMID Jump up ^ Alvarez Luis W Bloch F A Quantitative Determination of the Neutron Moment in Absolute Nuclear Magnetons Physical Review – Bibcode PhRv A doi PhysRev Jump up ^ Bloch F Hansen W W Packard Martin Nuclear Induction Physical Review Bibcode PhRv B doi PhysRev Jump up ^ Varian Dorothy The Inventor and the Pilot Pacific Books p Jump up ^ Arthur L Schawlow IEEE Global History Network IEEE Retrieved August Jump up ^ Hänsch Theodor W December Obituary Arthur Leonard Schawlow Physics Today – Bibcode PhT l H doi Jump up ^ Reilly Edwin D Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology p ISBN Jump up ^ Google Milestones Google Inc Retrieved September Jump up ^ The Stanford Integrated Digital Library Project Award Abstract September through August Estimated award amount Jump up ^ Andreas Bechtolsheim Forest Baskett Vaughan Pratt March The SUN Workstation Architecture PDF Stanford University Computer systems Laboratory Technical Report No Retrieved July Jump up ^ Network SUNet — The Stanford University Network Stanford University Information Technology Services July Retrieved April Jump up ^ Stanford University University Discoveries Retrieved Jump up ^ Stanford University Common Data Set – Stanford University Retrieved September Jump up ^ California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau United States Census Bureau September Retrieved September See also Demographics of California and Demographics of the United States Jump up ^ Best Colleges—Education—US News and World Report Colleges usnews rankingsandreviews com August Archived from the original on March Retrieved July Jump up ^ Concerns of first generation students must remain a priority The Stanford Daily October Retrieved January Jump up ^ Stanford University—Student Housing—Apply for Housing – Stanford edu Retrieved ^ Jump up to a b Stanford Housing—Undergraduate Residences Stanford University Retrieved November Jump up ^ Manzanita trailers to house Webb Ranch workers News stanford edu Retrieved July Jump up ^ Chelsey Kate March Manzanita residence hall aims at humanities Stanford Report Stanford University Retrieved October Jump up ^ Stanford University—Student Housing—Tour Undergraduate Housing Stanford edu Retrieved July Jump up ^ Columbae House Stanford University Retrieved April Jump up ^ Synergy House Stanford University Retrieved April Jump up ^ About Terra ResEd Stanford University Retrieved February Jump up ^ Residential Education—Cooperative Houses Stanford University Retrieved November Jump up ^ Interestingly this chapter had voiced concern that women were being treated unfairly due to the campus ban on sororities Nu Deuteron Chapter voted to become co ed in relinquishing its charter over the matter according to fraternity records accessed Nov This occurred just four years before the ban on sororities was ended by the Regents Jump up ^ Lapin Lisa Chelsey Kate October New graduate housing proposed for Escondido Village Stanford Report Stanford University Retrieved October Jump up ^ Off Campus Subsidized Apartments Student Housing Stanford University Retrieved October Jump up ^ Stanford Sports Page accessed June Jump up ^ Stanford Cardinal Recreation – Club Sports Stanford University Retrieved Jump up ^ Cardinal Recreation – Intramural Sports Page accessed June Jump up ^ Cal UC Davis Pacific Stanford Added As AEFH Associate Members Press release America East Conference October Retrieved November Jump up ^ Jay Matthews for Newsweek August The Top College Rivalries in the Country Jump up ^ Timanus Eddie June USA Today Retrieved Jump up ^ NACDA Official Athletic Site – Directors Cup Retrieved December Jump up ^ Stanford Athletics By The Numbers Stanford – Home of Champions Stanford edu Retrieved December Jump up ^ Stanford Facts Cardinal Athletics Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Wrapping Up Rio www gostanford com Retrieved Jump up ^ What Stanford University and Japan have in Common Freakonomics Jump up ^ Stanford Athletes Complete Olympic Action Stanford Athletics Archived from the original on Retrieved November Jump up ^ Stanford Athletes Complete Olympic Action Stanford Daily Archived from the original on May Retrieved Jump up ^ Stanford Facts The Founding of the University Stanford University Retrieved Jump up ^ Karen Bartholomew March–April Century at Stanford Alumni stanford edu Retrieved Jump up ^ Archived January at the Wayback Machine Jump up ^ Stanford Bulletin Conferral of Degrees Archived from the original on December Retrieved September Jump up ^ Stanford Bulletin Conferral of Degrees Retrieved September Jump up ^ Degree of Uncommon Man and Uncommon Woman Award Stanford Alumni Association Jump up ^ The History of Big Game Gaieties Ram s Head Theatrical Society Retrieved October The Big Game Gaieties started in when the Big Game was rugby but did not acquire its present name until the s when it also became part of Rams Head The tradition was dormant from until revived in and has run ever since Jump up ^ Johnston Theresa May Strictly Ballroom Stanford Magazine Stanford Alumni Association Jump up ^ Chien Jennifer January–February A Party to Die For Stanford Magazine Stanford Alumni Association Retrieved November Jump up ^ Banerjee Devin October Mausoleum Party is a go Regardless of rain party set for Old Union Stanford Daily p Retrieved March Jump up ^ Feliciano Cassandra October Mausoleum next to die Stanford Daily p Retrieved March Jump up ^ Stanford Press Release October Big Game Bonfire is a tradition of the past Jump up ^ University Public Worship Office for Religious Life Stanford University Retrieved October Jump up ^ Stanford Associated Religions Office for Religious Life Stanford University Retrieved October Jump up ^ Xu Victor May Windhover contemplative center to finish by early summer The Stanford Daily The Stanford Daily Retrieved September Jump up ^ Catholic Community at Stanford About us Retrieved December The Catholic Community is a personal parish in the Diocese of San Jose and staffed by the Dominicans and lay leaders Jump up ^ Hillel at Stanford About Retrieved October Jump up ^ Kappa Kappa Gamma Chapters kappakappagamma org April Retrieved July Jump up ^ Chi Omega – Nu Alpha – History Retrieved September Jump up ^ Frequently Asked Questions Stanford Residential Education Stanford University Retrieved June Jump up ^ Soong Shiong Nika August Life at Summer Chi Stanford Daily Retrieved June Jump up ^ FSL Organizations Stanford University Retrieved June ^ Jump up to a b c Fraternity and Sorority Life Stanford Undergrad undergrad stanford edu Retrieved Jump up ^ Lambda Phi Epsilon National Fraternity Lambdaphiepsilon com Archived from the original on February Retrieved July Jump up ^ Student Organizations Stanford University Retrieved May Jump up ^ About the Daily Stanford Daily Retrieved June Jump up ^ Wallace Lisa Atallah Alex February A Brief and Non Exhaustive History of the Stanford Review Stanford Review Retrieved June Jump up ^ About KZSU Stanford University Retrieved October Jump up ^ SPBA Retrieved Jump up ^ Stanford Marketing Retrieved Jump up ^ Become An Associate Retrieved Jump up ^ StartX stanford edu Jump up ^ Stanford Axe Committee About us Retrieved October Jump up ^ PASU Retrieved November Jump up ^ The Stanford Improvisors Jump up ^ Tall Grande Venti Takes Top Bay College Title to Rep SF in Nationals Jump up ^ San Francisco Improv Festival Jump up ^ Asha Dandiya featured in India Abroad Magazine Asha Stanford November Jump up ^ Adhik Kadam s mile bike ride for donors Asha Stanford October Jump up ^ Asha Stanford Welcome Dinner with Adhik Kadam and the Borderless World Foundation allevents in Jump up ^ Employment Opportunities Stanford University Department of Public Safety Retrieved June Jump up ^ Safety Security Results Crime Statistics Stanford University Department of Public Safety Retrieved June Jump up ^ Sheyner Gennady October Palo Alto Stanford clash over fire services Palo Alto Online Retrieved June Jump up ^ Xu Victor October A history of murder at Stanford Stanford Daily Retrieved June ^ Jump up to a b c d Kadvany Elena One third of Stanford women experience sexual misconduct survey finds Palo Alto Onilne Retrieved Jump up ^ Nick Anderson for the Washington Post June These colleges have the most reports of rape ^ Jump up to a b Liam Stack for The New York Times June Light Sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford Rape Case Draws Outrage Jump up ^ Ashley Fantz for CNN June Outrage over month sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford rape case Jump up ^ Jacqueline Lee for Mercury News June Stanford sex assault Brock Turner gets months in jail Jump up ^ Fehely Devin June Stanford Sex Assault Victim s Story Draws Worldwide Reaction CBS SF Bay Area Retrieved June Jump up ^ Katie Benner for Bloomberg News Feb Benner on Tech Parsing a Sexual Assault Suit ^ Jump up to a b c Emily Bazelon for the New York Times February The Stanford Undergraduate and the Mentor Jump up ^ Emily Bazelon for The New York Times Nov The Lessons of Stanford s Sex Assault Case Reversal Jump up ^ Woman drops sex assault case against U S venture capitalist Jump up ^ APS Fellows Archive Retrieved February Jump up ^ ACL Lifetime Achievement Award Recipients retrieved February Jump up ^ Elected AAAI Fellows retrieved February Jump up ^ Levy Dawn July Edward Teller wins Presidential Medal of Freedom p http news service stanford edu pr teller html Retrieved November Teller is the third Stanford scholar to be awarded a Presidential Medal of Freedom The others are Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman and former Secretary of State George Shultz Jump up ^ Thibault Marie August Billionaire University Forbes Retrieved April Jump up ^ Pfeiffer Eric W August What MIT Learned from Stanford Forbes Retrieved April Jump up ^ Stanford Entrepreneurs Stanford University Retrieved March Jump up ^ Other Nobel connections to the Farm Stanford Report Stanford University October Retrieved August Jump up ^ Alumni Stanford University Facts Stanford University Retrieved December Jump up ^ Sullivan Kathleen J November Two Stanford seniors awarded Rhodes Scholarships Stanford Report Stanford University Retrieved July Further reading edit Lee Altenberg Beyond Capitalism Leland Stanford s Forgotten Vision Stanford Historical Society Ronald N Bracewell Trees of Stanford and Environs Stanford Historical Society Ken Fenyo The Stanford Daily Years of Headlines ISBN Jean Fetter Questions and Admissions Reflections on Admissions Decisions at Stanford ISBN Ricard Joncas David Neumann and Paul V Turner Stanford University The Campus Guide Princeton Architectural Press Available online Stuart W Leslie The Cold War and American Science The Military Industrial Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford Columbia University Press Rebecca S Lowen R S Lowen Creating the Cold War University The Transformation of Stanford University of California Press External links edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stanford University Official website Stanford Athletics website Texts on Wikisource Leland Stanford Jr University Encyclopædia Britannica th ed Leland Stanford Junior University Encyclopedia Americana Leland Stanford Junior University Collier s New Encyclopedia show v t e Stanford University Google From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia This article is about the company For the search engine see Google Search For other uses see Google disambiguation Google Inc redirects here For the parent company see Alphabet Inc Not to be confused with Goggles or Googol Google Inc The letters of Google are each purely colored from left to right in blue red yellow blue green and red Googleplex Patio Aug JPG Google s headquarters the Googleplex in August Type Subsidiary Industry Internet Computer software Computer hardware Founded September years ago Menlo Park California Founders Larry Page Sergey Brin Headquarters Googleplex Mountain View California U S Area served Worldwide Key people Sundar Pichai CEO Larry Page CEO Alphabet Inc Sergey Brin President Alphabet Inc Products List of Google products Number of employees Q Parent Alphabet Inc –present Subsidiaries List of subsidiaries Website www google com Footnotes references Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet related services and products These include online advertising technologies search cloud computing software and hardware Google was founded in by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph D students at Stanford University in California Together they own about percent of its shares and control percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September An initial public offering IPO took place on August and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View California nicknamed the Googleplex In August Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc Google Alphabet s leading subsidiary will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet s Internet interests Upon completion of the restructure Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google replacing Larry Page who became CEO of Alphabet Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products acquisitions and partnerships beyond Google s core search engine Google Search It offers services designed for work and productivity Google Docs Sheets and Slides email Gmail Inbox scheduling and time management Google Calendar cloud storage Google Drive social networking Google instant messaging and video chat Google Allo Duo Hangouts language translation Google Translate mapping and turn by turn navigation Google Maps video sharing YouTube notetaking Google Keep and photo organizing and editing Google Photos The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system the Google Chrome web browser and Chrome OS a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser Google has moved increasingly into hardware from to it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices and in October it released multiple hardware products including the Google Pixel smartphone Home smart speaker Wifi mesh wireless router and Daydream View virtual reality headset The new hardware chief Rick Osterloh stated a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end to end user experience Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier In February it announced Google Fiber a fiber optic infrastructure that was installed in Kansas City in April it launched Project Fi in the United States combining Wi Fi and cellular networks from different providers and in it announced the Google Station initiative to make public Wi Fi around the world which had already been deployed in India Alexa a company that monitors commercial web traffic lists Google com as the most visited website in the world Several other Google services also figure in the top most visited websites including YouTube and Blogger Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for consecutive years but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns tax avoidance antitrust censorship and search neutrality Google s mission statement from the outset was to organize the world s information and make it universally accessible and useful and its unofficial slogan was Don t be evil In October the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase Do the right thing Contents hide History Financing and initial public offering Growth onward Push into hardware Acquisitions and partnerships – – – Google data centers Alphabet Products and services Advertising Search engine Enterprise services Consumer services Web based services Operating systems Software services Hardware platforms Internet services Other products APIs Other websites Corporate affairs and culture Employees Office locations and headquarters Doodles Easter eggs and April Fools Day jokes Philanthropy Tax avoidance Environment Lobbying Litigation Criticism and controversy See also References Further reading External links History edit Main article History of Google Google s homepage in Google s original homepage had a simple design because the company founders were inexperienced in HTML the markup language used for designing web pages Google began in January as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford California While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships among websites They called this new technology PageRank it determined a website s relevance by the number of pages and the importance of those pages that linked back to the original site Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site Eventually they changed the name to Google originating from a misspelling of the word googol the number followed by zeros which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information Originally Google ran under Stanford University s website with the domains google stanford edu and z stanford edu The domain name for Google was registered on September and the company was incorporated on September It was based in the garage of a friend Susan Wojcicki in Menlo Park California Craig Silverstein a fellow PhD student at Stanford was hired as the first employee Financing and initial public offering edit Google s first servers showing lots of exposed wiring and circuit boards Google s first production server The first funding for Google was an August contribution of from Andy Bechtolsheim co founder of Sun Microsystems given before Google was incorporated At least three other angel investors invested in Amazon com founder Jeff Bezos Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton and entrepreneur Ram Shriram Author Ken Auletta claims that each including Bechtolsheim invested but other sources have reported a level After some additional small investments through the end of to early a new million round of funding was announced on June with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers and Sequoia Capital Early in Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for million He rejected the offer Vinod Khosla one of Excite s venture capitalists talked the duo down to but Bell still rejected it Google s initial public offering IPO took place five years later on August At that time Larry Page Sergey Brin and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for years until the year At IPO the company offered shares at a price of per share Shares were sold in an online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse underwriters for the deal The sale of bn billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than bn By January its market capitalization had grown to bn The vast majority of the million shares remained under the control of Google and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires Yahoo a competitor of Google s also benefitted because it owned million shares of Google before the IPO took place There were concerns that Google s IPO would lead to changes in company culture Reasons ranged from shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires As a reply to this concern co founders Brin and Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the company s culture In articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti corporate no evil philosophy excessive citations In an effort to maintain the company s unique culture Google designated a Chief Culture Officer who also serves as the Director of Human Resources The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on a flat organization with a collaborative environment Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees In a class action against several Silicon Valley companies including Google was filed for alleged no cold call agreements which restrained the recruitment of high tech employees The stock performed well after the IPO with shares hitting for the first time on October primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds GOOG shares split into GOOG Class C shares and GOOGL class A shares The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbols GOOGL and GOOG and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ These ticker symbols now refer to Alphabet Inc Google s holding company since the fourth quarter of Growth edit In March the company moved its offices to Palo Alto California which is home to several prominent Silicon Valley technology start ups The next year against Page and Brin s initial opposition toward an advertising funded search engine Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed advertisements were solely text based Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and click throughs with bidding starting at five cents per click This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto com an Idealab spin off created by Bill Gross When the company changed names to Overture Services it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company s pay per click and bidding patents Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo and renamed Yahoo Search Marketing The case was then settled out of court Google agreed to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo in exchange for a perpetual license In Google received a patent for its PageRank mechanism The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor In after outgrowing two other locations the company leased an office complex from Silicon Graphics at Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View California The complex became known as the Googleplex a play on the word googolplex the number one followed by a googol zeroes The Googleplex interiors were designed by Clive Wilkinson Architects Three years later Google bought the property from SGI for million By that time the name Google had found its way into everyday language causing the verb google to be added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary denoted as to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet The first use of Google as a verb in pop culture happened on the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer in In The Washington Post reported on a percent increase in third quarter profit for Google largely thanks to large companies shifting their advertising strategies from newspapers magazines and television to the Internet In January all the data that passed through Google s MapReduce software component had an aggregated size of petabytes per day In a CNN report about top political searches of noted that more than a billion searches are being typed into Google on a daily basis In May the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed one billion for the first time an percent increase from May million was the first year that Google generated billion in annual revenue topping s billion generated Then CEO Larry Page commented in January We ended with a strong quarter Revenues were up year on year and quarter on quarter And we hit billion in revenues for the first time last year – not a bad achievement in just a decade and a half onward edit Screenshot of the Google homepage in Google announced the launch of a new company called Calico on September to be led by Apple Inc chairman Arthur Levinson In the official public statement Page explained that the health and well being company would focus on the challenge of ageing and associated diseases Google celebrated its year anniversary on September and in it celebrated its th birthday with an animated Doodle shown on web browsers around the world although it has used other dates for its official birthday The reason for the choice of September remains unclear and a dispute with rival search engine Yahoo Search in has been suggested as the cause The Alliance for Affordable Internet A AI was launched in October Google is part of the coalition of public and private organisations that also includes Facebook Intel and Microsoft Led by Sir Tim Berners Lee the A AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world where only of people are online Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so they fall below the UN Broadband Commission s worldwide target of of monthly income The corporation s consolidated revenue for the third quarter of was reported in mid October as billion a percent increase compared to the previous quarter Google s Internet business was responsible for billion of this total with an increase in the number of users clicks on advertisements In November Google announced plans for a new million sq ft sq m office in London which was due to open in The new premises able to accommodate employees has been identified as one of the biggest ever commercial property acquisitions in Britain According to Interbrand s annual Best Global Brands report Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world behind Apple Inc in and with a valuation of billion In September Google engineering manager Rachel Potvin revealed details about Google s software code at an engineering conference She revealed that the entire Google codebase which spans every single service it develops consists of over billion lines of code All that code is stored on a code repository available to all Google engineers and the code is regularly copied and updated on Google data centers To keep control Potvin said Google has built its own version control system called Piper and that when you start a new project you have a wealth of libraries already available to you Almost everything has already been done Engineers can make a single code change and deploy it on all services at the same time The only major exceptions are that the PageRank search results algorithm is stored separately with only specific employee access and the code for the Android operating system and the Google Chrome browser are also stored separately as they don t run on the Internet The Piper system spans TB of data Google engineers make changes to the code each day and on a weekly basis change approximately million lines of code across files With that much code automated bots have to help Potvin reported You need to make a concerted effort to maintain code health And this is not just humans maintaining code health but robots too Bots aren t writing code but generating a lot of the data and configuration files needed to run the company s software Not only is the size of the repository increasing Potvin explained but the rate of change is also increasing This is an exponential curve As of October Google operates offices in more than countries Alexa a company that monitors commercial web traffic lists Google com as the most visited website in the world Several other Google services also figure in the top most visited websites including YouTube and Blogger Push into hardware edit In April Recode reported that Google had hired Rick Osterloh Motorola Mobility s former President to head Google s new hardware division Later in October The Information reported that David Foster Amazon com s former Kindle hardware chief had joined Google as hardware chief for a new brand of smartphones by Google On October Google held a press event where it announced its intention to create more hardware Rick Osterloh stated a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end to end user experience and introduced The Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones with the Google Assistant a next generation contextual voice assistant built in Google Home an Amazon Echo like voice assistant placed in the house that can answer voice queries play music find information from apps calendar weather etc and control third party smart home appliances users can tell it to turn on the lights for example Daydream View virtual reality headset that lets Android users with compatible Daydream ready smartphones put their phones in the headset and enjoy VR content Google Wifi a connected set of Wi Fi routers to simplify and extend coverage of home Wi Fi David Foster left Google in April after working at Google for six months Acquisitions and partnerships edit See also List of mergers and acquisitions by Google Google went through three major periods of acquisitions spanning – – and – Larry Page and Sergey Brin in – edit Since Google has acquired many companies primarily small venture capital funded firms In Google acquired Keyhole Inc The start up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a three dimensional view of the Earth Google renamed the service Google Earth in Google acquired Urchin Software in April using their Urchin on Demand product along with ideas from Adaptive Path s Measure Map to create Google Analytics in In October Google announced that it had acquired the video sharing site YouTube for billion in Google stock and the deal was finalized on November Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube s running costs and YouTube s revenues in were noted as not material in a regulatory filing In May a Forbes magazine article projected the YouTube revenue at million noting progress in advertising sales On April Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for billion transferring to Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies Later that same year Google purchased GrandCentral for million The site would later be renamed Google Voice On August Google bought out its first public company video software maker On Technologies for million Google also acquired Aardvark a social networking search engine for million and commented on its internal blog we re looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it In April Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup Agnilux In addition to the many companies Google has purchased the firm has partnered with other organizations for research advertising and other activities For example in Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build square feet m of offices The offices would be used for research projects involving large scale data management nanotechnology distributed computing and the entrepreneurial space industry Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October to help share and distribute each other s technologies The company also partnered with AOL to enhance each other s video search services Google s partnerships also included financing the new mobi top level domain for mobile devices along with other companies including Microsoft Nokia and Ericsson Google would later launch AdSense for Mobile taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market Further extending its advertising reach Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corporation entered into a million agreement to provide search and advertising on the then popular social networking site MySpace In Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa displacing the former sponsor AOL NORAD Tracks Santa purports to follow Santa Claus progress on Christmas Eve using Google Earth to track Santa in D for the first time Google owned YouTube gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel In Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high resolution m monochrome m color imagery for Google Earth The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September Google also announced in that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazine s photographs Some images in the archive were never published in the magazine The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos regardless of public domain status – edit In Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable energy project putting million into two wind farms in North Dakota The company announced the two locations will generate megawatts of power enough to supply homes The farms which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a twenty percent stake in the project to get funding for its development In February the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates The order specifically states that Google Energy—a subsidiary of Google—holds the rights for the sale of energy capacity and ancillary services at market based rates but acknowledges that neither Google Energy nor its affiliates own or control any generation or transmission facilities The corporation exercised this authorization in September when it announced it would purchase all the electricity produced by the not yet built megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm Also in Google purchased Global IP Solutions a Norway based company that provides web based teleconferencing and other related services This acquisition enabled Google to add telephone style services to its list of products On May Google announced it had also closed the acquisition of the mobile ad network AdMob This occurred days after the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation into the purchase Google acquired the company for an undisclosed amount In July Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy megawatts of energy for years On April The Globe and Mail reported that Google bid million for Nortel Networks patents On August Google made its largest ever acquisition to date when it announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for billion subject to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe In a post on Google s blog Google Chief Executive and co founder Larry Page revealed that the acquisition was a strategic move to strengthen Google s patent portfolio The company s Android operating system has come under fire in an industry wide patent battle as Apple and Microsoft have sued Android device makers such as HTC Samsung and Motorola The merger was completed on May after the approval of People s Republic of China This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorola s considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies to help protect Google in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies mainly Apple and Microsoft and to allow it to continue to freely offer Android After the acquisition closed Google began to restructure the Motorola business to fit Google s strategy On August Google announced plans to lay off Motorola Mobility employees On December Google sold the manufacturing operations of Motorola Mobility to Flextronics for million As a part of the agreement Flextronics will manufacture undisclosed Android and other mobile devices On December Google sold the Motorola Home business division of Motorola Mobility to Arris Group for billion in a cash and stock transaction As a part of this deal Google acquired a stake in Arris Group valued at million On June Google announced it had acquired Quickoffice a company widely known for their mobile productivity suite for both iOS and Android Google plans to integrate Quickoffice s technology into its own product suite On February Google announced it had acquired Channel Intelligence for million Channel Intelligence a technology company that helps customers buy products online is active globally in different countries and works with over retailers Google will use this technology to enhance its e commerce business The official confirmation of Google s acquisition of the Israel based startup Waze occurred in June Waze is promoted as a community based traffic and navigation app Following the acquisition of Waze Google submitted a Q filing with the Securities Exchange Commission SEC that revealed that the corporation spent billion on acquisitions during the first half of The filing also revealed that the Waze acquisition cost Google million instead of the billion figure that was initially presented in media sources The acquisition of WIMM Labs a company that previously made an Android powered smartwatch was confirmed in August As of August Google has not publicly commented on the news concerning WIMM Labs The acquisition of Flutter a creator of hand gesture recognition technology was confirmed by the corporation in early October The reported price is million and Google spokesperson stated We re really impressed by the Flutter team s ability to design new technology based on cutting edge research Flutter s technology allows users to enact hand gestures to control navigation for apps such as iTunes Windows Media Player and Winamp – edit On January Google Inc announced it had agreed to acquire DeepMind Technologies a privately held artificial intelligence company from London DeepMind describes itself as having the ability to combine the best techniques from machine learning and systems neuroscience to build general purpose learning algorithms DeepMind s first commercial applications were used in simulations e commerce and games As of December it was reported that DeepMind had roughly employees The technology news website Re code reported that the company was purchased for million though it was not disclosed where the information came from A Google spokesman would not comment of the price The purchase of DeepMind aids in Google s recent growth in the artificial intelligence and robotics community On January Google announced it was selling its Motorola Mobility unit to China based Lenovo for bn The company kept the extensive patent collection used to develop Android products considered the most valuable part of the original deal Nonetheless the sale price was significantly less than the billion Google had bought Motorola Mobility for The bn price tag consisted of million in cash million in Lenovo ordinary shares and a billion year promissory note In March Google confirmed it had purchased the remnants of gaming startup Green Throttle Games which developed a Bluetooth gaming controller for Android In May Google announced it had purchased Quest Visual maker of the augmented reality translator app Word Lens In June Google purchased satellite imaging firm Skybox Imaging for million In July Google purchased the online music service Songza On September Google announced to form strategic partnership with Mobvoi to bring Android Wear to mainland China In October Google invested in a China based artificial intelligence AI company Mobvoi The funding will enable the Company to further enhance its core AI technologies and develop new consumer products empowered by AI In July Google announced that it had purchased Moodstocks a startup which specializes in instant image recognition In August Google acquired Orbitera a startup that developed a platform for buying and selling cloud based software for around million In October Google announced it has acquired FameBit a marketplace that connects video creators with marketers Also in October Google acquired eye tracking startup Eyefluence Matt Brian of Engadget drew references to Google s Daydream VR platform and Google s effort to create its own VR headsets that need eye tracking sensors and that the Eyefluence company which specializes in turning eye movements into virtual actions can be helpful in that process Google data centers edit As of Google owned and operated nine data centers across the U S two in Asia and four in Europe In the company had announced plans to build three data centers at a cost of more than million in Asia Singapore Hong Kong and Taiwan and said they would be operational within two years In December Google announced that it had scrapped the plan to build a data center in Hong Kong In October The Washington Post reported that the U S National Security Agency intercepted communications between Google s data centers as part of a program named MUSCULAR This wiretapping was made possible because Google did not encrypt data passed inside its own network Google began encrypting data sent between data centers in Google s most efficient data center runs at °F °C using only fresh air cooling requiring no electrically powered air conditioning the servers run so hot that humans cannot go near them for extended periods An August report estimated that Google had about servers in their data centers based on energy usage The report does state that Google never says how many servers are running in its data centers In December Google announced that starting in it will power all of its data centers as well as all of its offices from renewable energy The commitment will make Google the world s largest corporate buyer of renewable power with commitments reaching gigawatts megawatts of wind and solar energy Google also stated that it does not count that as its final goal it says that since the wind doesn t blow hours a day we ll also broaden our purchases to a variety of energy sources that can enable renewable power every hour of every day Additionally the project will help support communities around the world as the purchase commitments will result in infrastructure investments of more than billion globally and will generate tens of millions of dollars per year in revenue to local property owners and tens of millions more to local and national governments in tax revenue Alphabet edit On August Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Google Alphabet s leading subsidiary will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet s Internet interests Upon completion of the restructure Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google replacing Larry Page who became CEO of Alphabet Products and services edit See also List of Google products Advertising edit Google on ad tech London For the fiscal year the company reported billion in total advertising revenues and only million in licensing and other revenues In of Google s revenue was derived from its advertising programs In addition to its own algorithms for understanding search requests Google uses technology from the company DoubleClick to project user interest and target advertising to the search context and the user history Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page Google advertisements can be placed on third party websites in a two part program Google s AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network through either a cost per click or cost per view scheme The sister service Google AdSense allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked One of the criticisms of this program is the possibility of click fraud which occurs when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly Industry reports in claimed that approximately to percent of clicks were fraudulent or invalid In February Google stopped showing the advertisements of Oceana a non profit organization protesting a major cruise ship s sewage treatment practices Google cited its editorial policy at the time stating Google does not accept advertising if the ad or site advocates against other individuals groups or organizations The policy was later changed In June Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo which would have allowed Yahoo to feature Google advertisements on its web pages The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized because of antitrust concerns by the U S Department of Justice As a result Google pulled out of the deal in November In an attempt to advertise its own products Google launched a website called Demo Slam developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google Products Search engine edit Main article Google Search Google Search homepage as of December According to market research published by comScore in November Google Search is the dominant search engine in the United States market with a market share of Google indexes billions of web pages so that users can search for the information they desire through the use of keywords and operators In The New York Times complained about Google s indexing claiming that Google s caching of content on its site infringed its copyright for the content In this case the United States District Court of Nevada ruled in favor of Google in Field v Google and Parker v Google The publication The Hacker Quarterly has compiled a list of words that the web giant s new instant search feature will not search Google Watch has criticized Google s PageRank algorithms saying that they discriminate against new websites and favor established sites Google also hosts Google Books The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews and full books were allowed into its new book search engine The Authors Guild a group that represents U S authors filed a class action suit in a New York City federal court against Google in over this service Google replied that it is in compliance with all existing and historical applications of copyright laws regarding books Google eventually reached a revised settlement in to limit its scans to books from the U S the UK Australia and Canada Furthermore the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late asking it to remove the works of La Martinière Éditions du Seuil from its database In competition with Amazon com Google sells digital versions of new books On July in response to Bing Google updated its image search to display a streaming sequence of thumbnails that enlarge when pointed at Though web searches still appear in a batch per page format on July dictionary definitions for certain English words began appearing above the linked results for web searches The Hummingbird update to the Google search engine was announced in September The update was introduced over the month prior to the announcement and allows users ask the search engine a question in natural language rather than entering keywords into the search box In August Google announced two major changes related to its mobile search results The first removing the mobile friendly label that highlighted pages were easy to read on mobile from its mobile search results page The second on January the company will start punishing mobile pages that show intrusive interstitials when a user first opens a page and they will rank lower in its search results Enterprise services edit Main article G Suite G Suite is a monthly subscription offering for organizations and businesses to get access to a collection of Google s services including Gmail Google Drive and Docs Sheets and Slides with additional administrative tools unique domain names and support Google s search appliance Google s search appliance at the RSA Conference Google Search Appliance was launched in February targeted toward providing search technology for larger organizations Google launched the Mini three years later which was targeted at smaller organizations Late in Google began to sell Custom Search Business Edition providing customers with an advertising free window into Google com s index The service was renamed Google Site Search in Site Search customers were notified by email in late March that no new licenses for Site Search would be sold after April but that customer and technical support would be provided for the duration of existing license agreements On March Google announced the introduction of Google Analytics Suite a set of integrated data and marketing analytics products designed specifically for the needs of enterprise class marketers Among other things the suite is designed to help enterprise class marketers see the complete customer journey generate useful insights and deliver engaging experiences to the right people Jack Marshall of The Wall Street Journal wrote that the suite competes with existing marketing cloud offerings by companies including Adobe Oracle Salesforce and IBM Consumer services edit Web based services edit Main article Gmail In Google launched Gmail a web based email service with a significantly higher storage offer than competitors Gmail grew to become the world s most popular email service with over a billion active users in February Gmail faces significant criticism over privacy due to its usage of machine scanning of email content a practice that Google says is necessary of web based email Main article Google Drive In April Google launched Google Drive a cloud storage service with GB free storage space and paid plans up to TB available Main article Google Docs Sheets and Slides Google Docs Sheets and Slides are a web based word processor spreadsheet and presentation program respectively that form the Google Docs suite Docs originated from a Silicon Valley startup that was acquired by Google in The suite was integrated into Google Drive when Drive launched in Main article Google Photos Google Photos is a photo sharing and storage service offering unlimited free storage for photos up to megapixels and p resolution Operating systems edit Main article Android operating system In reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone possibly a competitor to Apple s iPhone The project called Android turned out not to be a phone but an operating system for mobile devices which Google acquired and then released as an open source project under the Apache license Google provides a software development kit for developers so applications can be created to be run on Android based phones In September T Mobile released the G the first Android based phone Google released the seventh major version of the Android operating system in August which featured the Google Daydream virtual reality platform Android is the world s most widely used operating system with over billion active users in September However Android s platform fragmentation millions of devices from hundreds of manufacturers who each design their own version of Android means that the operating system suffers significant issues with security vulnerabilities due to a lack of updates and support Google has also developed variations of Android for smartwatches Android Wear televisions Android TV cars Android Auto and Internet of things enabled smart devices Android Things Main article Chrome OS Following the launch of the Chrome browser in Google introduced Chrome OS in described as a new open source lightweight operating system based entirely around the browser and targeted at netbooks Software services edit Main article Google Chrome In September Google introduced the Google Chrome web browser in beta testing status The Chrome browser is the world s most widely used web browser across all platforms as of October Hardware platforms edit Main articles Google Nexus and Pixel smartphone In January Google released Nexus One the first Android phone under its own Nexus brand It spawned a number of phones and tablets under the Nexus branding which some referred to as high quality low cost devices The Nexus line was discontinued and replaced by a new brand called Pixel in Main article Chromebook In the Chromebook was introduced described as a new kind of computer running Chrome OS with the first Chromebooks coming from Samsung and Acer Main article Chromecast In July Google introduced the Chromecast dongle that allows users to stream YouTube and Netflix videos via smartphones Main article Google Cardboard A Google Cardboard headset a cheap and accessible standard for experimenting with virtual reality In June Google announced Google Cardboard a simple cardboard viewer that lets user place their smartphone in a special front compartment to view virtual reality VR media Internet services edit Main article Google Fiber In February Google announced the Google Fiber project with experimental plans to build an ultra high speed broadband network for to customers in one or more American cities In March Google announced that Kansas City Kansas would be the first community where the new network would be deployed Following Google s corporate restructure to make Alphabet Inc its parent company Google Fiber was moved to Alphabet s Access division Main article Project Fi In April Google announced Project Fi a mobile virtual network operator that combines Wi Fi and cellular networks from different telecommunication providers to enable seamless connectivity and fast Internet signal In September Google began expanding its Google Station initiative which was previously a project for public Wi Fi at railway stations in India Caesar Sengupta VP for Google s next billion users told The Verge that people get online for the first time thanks to Google Station and that million people use the service every month The expansion meant that Google was looking for partners around the world to further develop the initiative which promised high quality secure easily accessible Wi Fi Other products edit Google Translate is a server side machine translation service which can translate between different languages For some languages handwriting recognition or speech recognition can be used as input and translated text can be pronounced through speech synthesis The software uses corpus linguistics techniques where the program learns from professionally translated documents specifically UN and European Parliament proceedings Google launched its Google News service in an automated service which summarizes news articles from various websites In March Agence France Presse AFP sued Google for copyright infringement in federal court in the District of Columbia a case which Google settled for an undisclosed amount in a pact that included a license of the full text of AFP articles for use on Google News Lexus RX h retrofitted by Google for its driverless car fleet In August a mysterious code post on GitHub revealed that Google was developing a new operating system called Fuchsia Fuchsia uses Magenta kernel Google s modified version of Qualcomm s open sourced boot loader Little Kernel The Magenta kernel is built for modern phones and modern personal computers with fast processors non trivial amounts of ram with arbitrary peripherals doing open ended computation No official announcement was made but the code suggests Fuchsia is a universal OS capable of running on all types of devices everything from dash infotainment systems for cars to embedded devices like traffic lights and digital watches all the way up to smartphones tablets and PCs In May Google announced Google Wallet a mobile application for wireless payments In late June Google launched a social networking service called Google In Google launched Google Shopping Express a delivery service initially available only in San Francisco and Silicon Valley Google Alerts is a content change detection and notification service offered by the search engine company Google The service sends emails to the user when it finds new results—such as web pages newspaper articles or blogs—that match the user s search term In July Google released DeepDream an image recognition software capable of creating psychedelic images using a convolutional neural network Google introduced its Family Link service in March letting parents buy Android Nougat based Android devices for kids under years of age and create a Google account through the app with the parents controlling the apps installed monitor the time spent using the device and setting a Bedtime feature that remotely locks the device In April Google launched AutoDraw a web based tool using artificial intelligence and machine learning to recognize users drawings and replace scribbles with related stock images that have been created by professional artists The tool is built using the same technology as QuickDraw an experimental game from Google s Creative Lab where users were tasked with drawing objects that algorithms would recognize within seconds APIs edit Google APIs are a set of application programming interfaces APIs developed by Google which allow communication with Google Services and their integration to other services Examples of these include Search Gmail Translate or Google Maps Third party apps can use these APIs to take advantage of or extend the functionality of the existing services Other websites edit Google Developers is Google s site for software development tools APIs and technical resources The site contains documentation on using Google developer tools and APIs—including discussion groups and blogs for developers using Google s developer products Google Labs was a page created by Google to demonstrate and test new projects Google owns the top level domain e net which is used for some servers within Google s network The name is a reference to the scientific E notation representation for googol E × In March Google launched a new website opensource google com to publish its internal documentation for Google Open Source projects Corporate affairs and culture edit Eric Schmidt Eric Schmidt Sergey Brin and Larry Page sitting together Then CEO now Chairman of Google Eric Schmidt with cofounders Sergey Brin and Larry Page left to right in colleges with the most alumni at Google png On Fortune magazine s list of the best companies to work for Google ranked first in and and fourth in and Google was also nominated in to be the world s most attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications talent attraction index Google s corporate philosophy includes principles such as you can make money without doing evil you can be serious without a suit and work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun Employees edit As of the second quarter in Google has employees A March report detailed that it had developers based in more than offices After the company s IPO in founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page and CEO Eric Schmidt requested that their base salary be cut to Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries were turned down primarily because their main compensation continues to come from owning stock in Google Before Schmidt made per year and Page and Brin each received an annual salary of In and early several top executives left Google In October former chief financial officer of YouTube Gideon Yu joined Facebook along with Benjamin Ling a high ranking engineer In March Sheryl Sandberg then vice president of global online sales and operations began her position as chief operating officer of Facebook At the same time Ash ElDifrawi formerly head of brand advertising left to become chief marketing officer of Netshops On April Larry Page became CEO and Eric Schmidt became Executive Chairman of Google In July Google s first female employee Marissa Mayer left Google to become Yahoo s CEO Asian man in his twenties wearing a blue green yellow and red propeller hat that says Noogle New employees are called Nooglers and are given a propeller beanie cap to wear on their first Friday As a motivation technique Google uses a policy often called Innovation Time Off where Google engineers are encouraged to spend of their work time on projects that interest them Some of Google s newer services such as Gmail Google News Orkut and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors In a talk at Stanford University Marissa Mayer Google s Vice President of Search Products and User Experience until July showed that half of all new product launches in the second half of had originated from the Innovation Time Off Office locations and headquarters edit Google Mountain View campus garden Bicycles painted in the corporate color scheme are available for free use by any employee travelling around the Googleplex Mountain View Main article Googleplex Google s headquarters in Mountain View California is referred to as the Googleplex a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters itself being a complex of buildings The lobby is decorated with a piano lava lamps old server clusters and a projection of search queries on the wall The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles Many employees have access to the corporate recreation center Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines locker rooms washers and dryers a massage room assorted video games table football a baby grand piano a billiard table and ping pong In addition to the recreation room there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks with special emphasis placed on nutrition Free food is available to employees with the offerings provided by paid vending machines prorated based on and favoring those of better nutritional value Google s extensive amenities are not available to all of its workers Temporary workers such as book scanners do not have access to shuttles Google cafes or other perks New York City In Google moved into square feet m of office space in New York City at Eighth Avenue in Manhattan The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships The New York headquarters is similar in design and functionality to its Mountain View headquarters and includes a game room micro kitchens and a video game area As of February a significant engineering team is based in New York City Other U S cities By late Google established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor Michigan In November Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellon s campus in Pittsburgh focusing on shopping related advertisement coding and smartphone applications and programs Other office locations in the U S include Atlanta Georgia Austin Texas Boulder Colorado Cambridge Massachusetts San Francisco California Seattle Washington Reston Virginia and Washington D C Google s NYC office building Google s NYC office building houses its largest advertising sales team In October the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to megawatts of electricity enough to satisfy approximately of the campus energy needs The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U S corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world In addition Google announced in that it was deploying herds of goats to keep grassland around the Googleplex short helping to prevent the threat from seasonal bush fires while also reducing the carbon footprint of mowing the extensive grounds The idea of trimming lawns using goats originated from Bob Widlar an engineer who worked for National Semiconductor In Google faced accusations in Harper s Magazine of being an energy glutton The company was accused of employing its Don t be evil motto and its public energy saving campaigns to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy its servers require On May Google announced the setting up of its largest campus outside the United States in Hyderabad India The proposed campus can accommodate employees International locations Internationally Google has over offices outside the US the majority of which are local corporate offices and data centers Google also has regional business and sales headquarters including in Dublin for Europe and Singapore for Asia Pacific Google also has product research and development operations in cities around the world namely Sydney main development location of Google Maps and London part of Android development as well as numerous others including Zurich Munich Tokyo Tel Aviv and Hyderabad Doodles edit Main article Google Doodle The first ever Google Doodle celebrating Burning Man which was used on August Since Google has been designing special temporary alternate logos to place on their homepage intended to celebrate holidays events achievements and people The first Google Doodle was in honor of the Burning Man Festival of The doodle was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their absence in case the servers crashed Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor until Larry and Sergey asked then intern Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day in From that point onward Doodles have been organized and created by a team of employees termed Doodlers Easter eggs and April Fools Day jokes edit Main articles List of Google April Fools Day jokes and List of Google Easter eggs Google has a tradition of creating April Fools Day jokes On April Google MentalPlex allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web In Google announced a free Internet service called TiSP or Toilet Internet Service Provider where one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber optic cable down their toilet Also in Google s Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper allowing users to have email messages printed and shipped to them In Google announced Gmail Custom time where users could change the time that the email was sent In Google changed its company name to Topeka in honor of Topeka Kansas whose mayor changed the city s name to Google for a short amount of time in an attempt to sway Google s decision in its new Google Fiber Project In Google announced Gmail Motion an interactive way of controlling Gmail and the computer with body movements via the user s webcam Google s services contain easter eggs such as the Swedish Chef s Bork bork bork Pig Latin Hacker or leetspeak Elmer Fudd Pirate and Klingon as language selections for its search engine The search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life the Universe and Everything from Douglas Adams The Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy When searching the word recursion the spell checker s result for the properly spelled word is exactly the same word creating a recursive link When searching for the word anagram meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid words Google s suggestion feature displays Did you mean nag a ram In Google Maps searching for directions between places separated by large bodies of water such as Los Angeles and Tokyo results in instructions to kayak across the Pacific Ocean During FIFA World Cup search queries including World Cup and FIFA caused the Goooo gle page indicator at the bottom of every result page to read Goooo al instead Philanthropy edit Main article Google org In Google formed the not for profit philanthropic Google org with a start up fund of billion The mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change global public health and global poverty One of its first projects was to develop a viable plug in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain miles per gallon Google hired Larry Brilliant as the program s executive director in and the current director is Megan Smith In Google announced its project which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites After two years of silence during which many wondered what had happened to the program Google revealed the winners of the project giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online In Google donated million euros to International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads – On July Google launched a Legalize Love campaign in support of gay rights Tax avoidance edit Google uses various tax avoidance strategies Out of the five largest American technology companies it pays the lowest taxes to the countries of origin of its revenues The company accomplishes this partly by licensing technology through shell subsidiaries in tax havens such as Ireland Bermuda the Bahamas and the Netherlands This has reportedly sparked a French investigation into Google s transfer pricing practices Following criticism of the amount of corporate taxes that Google paid in the United Kingdom Chairman Eric Schmidt said It s called capitalism We are proudly capitalistic During the same December interview Schmidt confirmed that the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer In Schmidt responded to questions about taxes paid in the UK by pointing to the advertising fees Google charged UK companies as a source of economic growth Google Vice President Matt Brittin testified to the Public Accounts Committee of the UK House of Commons that his UK sales team made no sales and hence owed no sales taxes to the UK In January Google reached a settlement with the UK to pay £ m in back taxes plus higher taxes in future Environment edit Since Google has aimed for carbon neutrality in regard to its operations Google disclosed in September that it continuously uses enough electricity to power homes almost million watts or about a quarter of the output of a nuclear power plant Total carbon emissions for were just under million metric tons most due to fossil fuels that provide electricity for the data centers Google said that percent of its energy was supplied by renewable fuels in An average search uses only watt hours of electricity so all global searches are only million watts or of the total electricity consumption by Google In Google launched a project centered on developing renewable energy titled the Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal RE
Google Translate From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Google Translate Google Translate Icon png Screenshot show Type of site Machine translation Available in languages see below Owner Google Website translate google com Commercial Yes Registration Optional Users Over million people daily Launched April years ago as statistical machine translation November months ago as neural machine translation Current status Active Google Translate is a free multilingual machine translation service developed by Google to translate text speech images sites or real time video from one language into another It offers a web interface mobile apps for Android and iOS and an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications Google Translate supports over languages at various levels and as of May serves over million people daily In November Google announced that Google Translate would switch to a neural machine translation engine Google Neural Machine Translation GNMT which translates whole sentences at a time rather than just piece by piece It uses this broader context to help it figure out the most relevant translation which it then rearranges and adjusts to be more like a human speaking with proper grammar Originally only enabled for a few languages in GNMT is gradually being used for more languages Contents hide Features Browser integration Mobile apps API Supported languages Languages in development Method of translation Google Neural Machine Translation Limitations Open source licenses and components Reviews Translation mistakes and oddities Translate Community See also References External links Features edit Google Translate can translate multiple forms of text and media including text speech images sites or real time video from one language to another It supports over languages at various levels and as of May serves over million people daily For some languages Google Translate can pronounce translated text highlight corresponding words and phrases in the source and target text and act as a simple dictionary for single word input If Detect language is selected text in an unknown language can be automatically identified If a user enters a URL in the source text Google Translate will produce a hyperlink to a machine translation of the website For some languages text can be entered via an on screen keyboard handwriting recognition or speech recognition Browser integration edit Google Translate is available in some browsers as an extension which can run the translation engine A number of Firefox extensions exist for Google services and likewise for Google Translate which allow right click command access to the translation service An extension for Google s Chrome browser also exists in February Google Translate was integrated into the Chrome browser by default for optional automatic webpage translation Mobile apps edit iOS app of Google Translate showing a Filipino translation of Good The Google Translate app for Android and iOS supports more than languages and can translate languages via photo via voice in conversation mode and via real time video in augmented reality mode The Android app was released in January while an HTML web application was released for iOS users in August followed by a native app on February An early version supported Conversation Mode when translating between English and Spanish in alpha testing This interface within Google Translate allows users to communicate fluidly with a nearby person in another language In October it was expanded to languages The Camera input functionality allows users to take a photograph of a document signboard etc Google Translate recognises the text from the image using optical character recognition OCR technology and gives the translation Camera input is not available for all languages In January the application gained the ability to translate text in real time using the device s camera as a result of Google s acquisition of the Word Lens app The speed and quality of real time video translation augmented reality feature were further enhanced in July with the release of a new implementation that utilizes convolutional neural networks API edit In May Google announced that the Google Translate API for software developers had been deprecated and would cease functioning The Translate API page stated the reason as substantial economic burden caused by extensive abuse with an end date set for December In response to public pressure Google announced in June that the API would continue to be available as a paid service Because the API was used in numerous third party websites and apps the original decision to deprecate it led some developers to criticize Google and question the viability of using Google APIs in their products Supported languages edit The following languages are supported in Google Translate Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese Simplified and Traditional Corsican Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Frisian Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish Kurmanji Kyrgyz Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Luxembourgish Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar Burmese Nepali Norwegian Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Samoan Scots Gaelic Serbian Sesotho Shona Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Xhosa Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Languages in development edit These languages are not yet supported by Google Translate but are available in the Translate Community Assamese Cantonese Cherokee Dzongkha Guarani Kinyarwanda Kurdish Sorani Oriya Romansh Tatar Tibetan Turkmen Uighur Wolof Method of translation edit In April Google Translate launched with a statistical machine translation engine Google Translate does not apply grammatical rules since its algorithms are based on statistical analysis rather than traditional rule based analysis The system s original creator Franz Josef Och has criticized the effectiveness of rule based algorithms in favor of statistical approaches It is based on a method called statistical machine translation and more specifically on research by Och who won the DARPA contest for speed machine translation in Och was the head of Google s machine translation group until leaving to join Human Longevity Inc in July According to Och a solid base for developing a usable statistical machine translation system for a new pair of languages from scratch would consist of a bilingual text corpus or parallel collection of more than million words and two monolingual corpora each of more than a billion words Statistical models from these data are then used to translate between those languages To acquire this huge amount of linguistic data Google used United Nations documents The UN typically publishes documents in all six official UN languages which has produced a very large language corpus Google Translate does not translate from one language to another L ? L Instead it often translates first to English and then to the target language L ? EN ? L When Google Translate generates a translation it looks for patterns in hundreds of millions of documents to help decide on the best translation By detecting patterns in documents that have already been translated by human translators Google Translate makes intelligent guesses as to what an appropriate translation should be Before October for languages other than Arabic Chinese and Russian Google Translate was based on SYSTRAN a software engine which is still used by several other online translation services such as Babel Fish now defunct Since October Google Translate has used proprietary in house technology based on statistical machine translation instead Google Neural Machine Translation edit In September a research team at Google announced the development of the Google Neural Machine Translation system GNMT to increase fluency and accuracy in Google Translate and in November announced that Google Translate would switch to GNMT Google Translate s new neural machine translation system uses a large end to end artificial neural network capable of deep learning GNMT improves the quality of translation because it uses an example based EBMT machine translation method in which the system learns from millions of examples It translates whole sentences at a time rather than just piece by piece It uses this broader context to help it figure out the most relevant translation which it then rearranges and adjusts to be more like a human speaking with proper grammar GNMT s proposed architecture of system learning was first tested on over a hundred languages supported by Google Translate With the end to end framework the system learns over time to create better more natural translations The GNMT network is capable of interlingual machine translation which encodes the semantics of the sentence rather than simply memorizing phrase to phrase translations and the system did not invent its own universal language but uses the commonality found inbetween many languages GNMT was first enabled for eight languages to and from English and Chinese French German Japanese Korean Portuguese Spanish and Turkish In March it was enabled for Hindi Russian and Vietnamese languages followed by Indonesian Bengali Gujarati Kannada Malayalam Marathi Punjabi Tamil and Telugu languages in April GNMT is an improvement on Google Translate in that it is capable of translating directly from one language to another L ? L instead often first translating to English for example and then to the target language L ? EN ? L The GNMT system is capable of Zero Shot Translation translating between a language pair for example Japanese to Korean which the system has never explicitly seen before Previously Google Translate translated to English and then to the target language L ? EN ? L not directly from one language to another L ? L Limitations edit Some languages produce better results than others Google Translate performs well especially when English is the target language and the source language is from the European Union due to the prominence of translated EU parliament notes A analysis indicated that French to English translation is relatively accurate However if the source text is shorter rule based machine translations often perform better this effect is particularly evident in Chinese to English translations While edits of translations may be submitted in Chinese specifically one is not able to edit sentences as a whole Instead one must edit sometimes arbitrary sets of characters leading to incorrect edits Texts written in the Greek Devanagari Cyrillic and Arabic scripts can be transliterated automatically from phonetic equivalents written in the Latin alphabet The browser version of Google Translate provides the read phonetically option for Japanese to English conversion The same option is not available on the paid API version Accent of English that the text to speech audio of Google Translate of each country uses British English female American English female Oceania accent female No Google translate service Many of the more popular languages have a text to speech audio function that is able to read back a text in that language up to a few dozen words or so In the case of pluricentric languages the accent depends on the region for English in the Americas most of the Asia Pacific and West Asia the audio uses a female General American accent whereas in Europe Hong Kong Malaysia Singapore Guyana and all other parts of the world a female British English accent is used except for a special Oceania accent used in Australia New Zealand and Norfolk Island for Spanish in the Americas a Latin American Spanish accent is used while in the other parts of the world a Castilian Spanish accent is used Portuguese uses a São Paulo accent in the world except for Portugal where their native accent is used Some less widely spoken languages use the open source eSpeak synthesizer for their speech citation needed Open source licenses and components edit Language WordNet License Albanian Albanet CC BY GPL Arabic Arabic Wordnet CC BY SA Catalan Multilingual Central Repository CC BY Chinese Chinese Wordnet Wordnet Danish Dannet Wordnet English Princeton Wordnet Wordnet Finnish FinnWordnet Wordnet French WOLF WOrdnet Libre du Français CeCILL C Galician Multilingual Central Repository CC BY Hebrew Hebrew Wordnet Wordnet Hindi IIT Bombay Wordnet Indo Wordnet Indonesian Wordnet Bahasa MIT Italian MultiWordnet CC BY Japanese Japanese Wordnet Wordnet Javanese Javanese Wordnet Wordnet Malay Wordnet Bahasa MIT Norwegian Norwegian Wordnet Wordnet Persian Persian Wordnet Free to Use Polish plWordnet Wordnet Portuguese OpenWN PT CC BY SA Spanish Multilingual Central Repository CC BY Thai Thai Wordnet Wordnet Nepali Nepali Wordnet Wordnet Reviews edit Shortly after launching the translation service Google won an international competition for English–Arabic and English–Chinese machine translation Translation mistakes and oddities edit Since Google Translate uses statistical matching to translate translated text can often include apparently nonsensical and obvious errors sometimes swapping common terms for similar but nonequivalent common terms in the other language or inverting sentence meaning Novelty websites like Bad Translator and Translation Party have utilized the service to produce humorous text by translating back and forth between multiple languages similar to the children s game Chinese whispers If the app tries to translate Monty Python s The Funniest Joke in the World into English the service returns the message FATAL ERROR Translate Community edit Translate Community is a platform intended to improve the Google Translate service Volunteers can select up to five languages to help improve translation users can verify translated phrases and translate phrases in their languages to and from English helping to improve the accuracy of translating more rare and complex phrases In August the Google Crowdsource app was released which also offered translation tasks See also edit Apertium Babel Fish discontinued redirects to main Yahoo site Comparison of machine translation applications Google Dictionary discontinued Google Text to Speech Google Translator Toolkit Jollo discontinued List of Google products Microsoft Translator Omniscien Technologies SYSTRAN Word Lens discontinued merged into Google Translate app Yandex Translate References edit ^ Jump up to a b Orch Franz April Statistical machine translation live Google Research Blog Google Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b c d e f Turovsky Barak November Found in translation More accurate fluent sentences in Google Translate The Keyword Google Blog Google Retrieved March ^ Jump up to a b c Languages Google Translate Google Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Shankland Stephen May Google Translate now serves million people daily CNET CBS Interactive Retrieved December Jump up ^ About Google Translate Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Google Translate Help Google Translate Help Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Translate written words Google Translate Help Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Translate text messages webpages or documents Google Translate Help Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Translate with handwriting or virtual keyboard Google Translate Help Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Translate by speech Google Translate Help Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Search Add ons Add ons for Firefox Mozilla Retrieved August Jump up ^ Google Translate Chrome Web Store Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Brinkmann Martin February Google Translate Integrated In Google Chrome Ghacks net Retrieved December Jump up ^ Setalvad Ariha July Google Translate adds new languages to video text translation The Verge Vox Media Retrieved March Jump up ^ Hutchison Allen August Google Translate now for iPhone Google Mobile Blog Google Retrieved March Jump up ^ Zhu Wenzhang February Introducing the Google Translate app for iPhone Official Google Blog Google Retrieved March Jump up ^ Ryan Kim October Google Translate conversation mode expands to languages GigaOM Jump up ^ Turovsky Barak January Hallo hola olá to the new more powerful Google Translate app Official Google Blog Google Retrieved March Jump up ^ Turovsky Barak July See the world in your language with Google Translate Official Google Blog Google Retrieved March Jump up ^ Good Otavio July How Google Translate squeezes deep learning onto a phone Google Research Blog Google Retrieved March Jump up ^ Feldman Adam May Spring cleaning for some of our APIs Official Google Code Blog Google Archived from the original on May Retrieved December Jump up ^ Google Translate API Deprecated Google Code Google Archived from the original on August Retrieved December Jump up ^ Feldman Adam June Spring cleaning for some of our APIs Official Google Code Blog Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Burnette Ed May Google pulls the rug out from under web service API developers nixes Google Translate and others ZDNet CBS Interactive Retrieved December Jump up ^ Wong George May Google gets rid of APIs for Translate and other services UberGizmo Retrieved December Jump up ^ See which features work with each language Google Retrieved January Jump up ^ Translate Community Help us improve Google Translate ^ Jump up to a b Och Franz September Statistical Machine Translation Foundations and Recent Advances PDF Google Retrieved December Jump up ^ Franz Och Ph D Expert in Machine Learning and Machine Translation Joins Human Longevity Inc as Chief Data Scientist Press release La Jolla CA Human Longevity Inc July Retrieved January Jump up ^ Google seeks world of instant translations ABC News Retrieved November Jump up ^ Boitet Christian Blanchon Hervé Seligman Mark Bellynck Valérie MT on and for the Web PDF Retrieved December Jump up ^ Inside Google Translate Google Archived from the original on August Retrieved December Jump up ^ Chitu Alex October Google Switches to Its Own Translation System Unofficial Google Blog Retrieved March Jump up ^ Schwartz Barry October Google Translate Drops Systran For Home Brewed Translation Search Engine Land Retrieved March ^ Jump up to a b Le Quoc Schuster Mike September A Neural Network for Machine Translation at Production Scale Google Research Blog Google Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b c d e Schuster Mike Johnson Melvin Thorat Nikhil November Zero Shot Translation with Google s Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System Google Research Blog Google Retrieved March ^ Jump up to a b c Boitet Christian Blanchon Hervé Seligman Mark Bellynck Valérie MT on and for the Web PDF Retrieved December Jump up ^ McDonald Chris January Ok slow down Medium Retrieved March Jump up ^ Davenport Corbin March Google Translate now uses neural machine translation for some languages Android Police Retrieved April Jump up ^ Hager Ryne April Google adds Indonesian and eight new Indian languages to its neural machine translation Android Police Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b Ethan Shen Comparison of online machine translation tools archived from the original on February retrieved December Jump up ^ Inside Google Translate Google Archived from the original on January Retrieved December Jump up ^ Nielsen Michael Reinventing discovery the new era of networked science Princeton NJ Princeton University Press p ISBN Jump up ^ Gomes Lee July Google Translate Tangles With Computer Learning Forbes Retrieved March Jump up ^ Weinberg Nathan September Google Translates Ivan the Terrible as Abraham Lincoln Blog News Channel Archived from the original on September Retrieved March Jump up ^ Kincaid Jason August Translation Party Tapping Into Google Translate s Untold Creative Genius TechCrunch AOL Retrieved March Jump up ^ Freeze Christopher JokeWarfare Instagram Retrieved April Jump up ^ Translate Community FAQ Google Jump up ^ Whitwam Ryan August New Google Crowdsource app asks you to help with translation and text transcription a few seconds at a time Android Police Retrieved March External links edit Official website Translate Community Eric Schmidt From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia For other uses see Eric Schmidt disambiguation Eric Schmidt Eric Schmidt at the th G Summit in Deauville jpg Schmidt at the G Summit Born Eric Emerson Schmidt April age Falls Church Virginia United States Residence Atherton California U S Alma mater Princeton University University of California Berkeley Occupation Executive Chairman Years active –present Employer Alphabet Inc Salary US million base salary US million aggregate including bonuses stock options Net worth Decrease US billion June Title Executive Chairman of Alphabet Inc Political party Democratic Spouse s Wendy Boyle m Children daughters Sophie and Alison Parent s Eleanor and Wilson Schmidt Website Google com — Eric Schmidt Eric Emerson Schmidt born April is an American software engineer a businessman and the Executive Chairman of Alphabet Inc In Forbes ranked Schmidt as the th richest person in the world with an estimated wealth of US billion As an intern at Bell Labs Schmidt did a complete re write of Lex a software program to generate lexical analysers for the UNIX computer operating system From to he was Chief Executive Officer CEO of Novell From to Schmidt served as the CEO of Google He has served on various other boards in academia and industry including the Boards of Trustees for Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania and Princeton University New Jersey Contents hide Early life Career Early career Sun Microsystems Novell Google Role in illegal non recruiting agreements Apple Other ventures Political contributions Philanthropy Schmidt Family Foundation Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund Public positions Tax avoidance Privacy Network neutrality Influence of Internet usage in North Korea Advocating open Internet use in Burma Authored Books and Publications The New Digital Age How Google Works Schmidts Law Other work Art collection Bilderberg Group Schmidt Ocean Institute Berggruen Institute Acting Personal life See also References External links Early life edit Eric Emerson Schmidt was born in Falls Church Virginia and grew up in Falls Church and Blacksburg Virginia He was one of three sons of Eleanor who had a master s degree in psychology and Wilson Emerson Schmidt a professor of international economics at Virginia Tech and Johns Hopkins University who worked at the U S Treasury Department during the Nixon Administration Schmidt graduated from Yorktown High School in the Yorktown neighborhood of Arlington County Virginia in after earning eight varsity letter awards in long distance running He then attended Princeton University where he started as an architecture major but then switched and earned a B S degree in electrical engineering in From to Schmidt stayed at the International House Berkeley where he met his future wife Wendy Boyle In at the University of California Berkeley Schmidt then earned an M S degree for designing and implementing a network Berknet linking the campus computer center with the CS and EECS departments There he also earned a Ph D degree in in EECS with a dissertation about the problems of managing distributed software development and tools for solving these problems Career edit Early career edit Early in his career Schmidt held a series of technical positions with IT companies including Byzromotti Design Bell Labs in research and development Zilog and Xerox s Palo Alto Research Center PARC During his summers at Bell Labs he and Mike Lesk wrote Lex a program that generates lexical analyzers from regular expression descriptions It is an important tool for compiler construction Sun Microsystems edit In Schmidt joined Sun Microsystems as its first software manager He rose to become director of software engineering vice president and general manager of the software products division vice president of the general systems group and president of Sun Technology Enterprises During his time at Sun he was the target of two notable April Fool s Day pranks In the first his office was taken apart and rebuilt on a platform in the middle of a pond complete with a working phone The next year a working Volkswagen Beetle was taken apart and re assembled in his office Novell edit In April Schmidt became the CEO and chairman of the board of Novell He presided over a period of decline at Novell where its IPX protocol was being replaced by open TCP IP products while at the same time Microsoft was shipping free TCP IP stacks in Windows making Novell much less profitable In he departed after the acquisition of Cambridge Technology Partners Google edit Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin interviewed Schmidt Impressed by him they recruited Schmidt to run their company in under the guidance of venture capitalists John Doerr and Michael Moritz In March Schmidt joined Google s board of directors as chairman and became the company s CEO in August At Google Schmidt shared responsibility for Google s daily operations with founders Page and Brin Prior to the Google initial public offering Schmidt had responsibilities typically assigned to the CEO of a public company and focused on the management of the vice presidents and the sales organization According to Google Schmidt s job responsibilities included building the corporate infrastructure needed to maintain Google s rapid growth as a company and on ensuring that quality remains high while the product development cycle times are kept to a minimum Schmidt as Executive Chairman of Google speaking with Nik Gowing Upon being hired at Google Eric Schmidt was paid a salary of and an annual performance bonus He was granted shares of Class B common stock at per share and shares of Series C preferred stock at purchase price of In Schmidt and the Google founders agreed to a base salary of US which continued through with other compensation of in in and in He did not receive any additional stock or options in or Most of his compensation was for personal security and charters of private aircraft In PC World ranked Schmidt as the first on its list of the most important people on the Web along with Google co founders Page and Brin Schmidt is one of a few people who who became billionaires in United States dollars based on stock options received as employees in corporations of which they were neither the founders nor relatives of the founders not in citation given In its World s Billionaires list Forbes ranked Schmidt as the th richest person in the world with an estimated wealth of billion Google gave him a million equity award in when he stepped down as CEO On January Google announced that Schmidt would step down as the CEO of Google but continue as the executive chairman of the company and act as an adviser to co founders Page and Brin On April Page replaced Schmidt as the CEO Role in illegal non recruiting agreements edit While working at Google Schmidt was involved in activities that later became the subject of the High Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation case that resulted in a settlement of million paid by Adobe Apple Google and Intel to employees In one incident after receiving a complaint from Steve Jobs of Apple Schmidt sent an email to Google s HR people saying I believe we have a policy of no recruiting from Apple and this is a direct inbound request Can you get this stopped and let me know why this is happening I will need to send a response back to Apple quickly so please let me know as soon as you can Thanks Eric Schmidt s email led to a recruiter for Google being terminated within the hour for not having adhered to the illegal scheme Under Schmidt there was a Do Not Call list of companies Google would avoid recruiting from According to a court filing another email exchange shows Google s human resources director asking Schmidt about sharing its no cold call agreements with competitors Schmidt responded that he preferred it be shared verbally since I don t want to create a paper trail over which we can be sued later Apple edit On August Schmidt was elected to Apple Inc s board of directors On August it was announced that Schmidt would resign from the board of directors at Apple due to conflicts of interest amid the growing competition between Google and Apple Other ventures edit Schmidt sat on the boards of trustees for both Carnegie Mellon University and Princeton University He taught at Stanford Graduate School of Business in the s Schmidt serves on the boards of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton the Khan Academy and The Economist New America is a non profit public policy institute and think tank founded in Schmidt succeeded founding chairman James Fallows in Founded in by Schmidt and Dror Berman Innovation Endeavors is an early stage venture capital The fund based in Palo Alto California invested companies such as Mashape Uber company Quixey Gogobot BillGuard and Formlabs Eric Schmidt and Ash Carter meet about Innovation Advisory Board for the DoD Political contributions edit Schmidt was an informal advisor and major donor to Barack Obama s presidential campaign and began campaigning the week of October on behalf of the candidate He was mentioned as a possible candidate for the Chief Technology Officer position which Obama created in his administration and Obama considered him for Commerce Secretary After Obama won in Schmidt became a member of President Obama s transition advisory board and has since become a member of the United States President s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology PCAST Schmidt has served on Google s government relations team Schmidt has proposed that the easiest way to solve all of the domestic problems of the United States at once is by a stimulus program that rewards renewable energy and over time attempts to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy Ash Carter appointed Schmidt as chairman of the DoD Innovation Advisory Board announced March It will be modeled like the Defense Business Board and will facilitate the Pentagon at becoming more innovative and adaptive Schmidt is an investor in The Groundwork a start up company associated with Hillary Clinton s presidential campaign For example it charged the campaign in the second quarter of By May the campaign had spent on it Schmidt is an investor in Timshel another start up company associated with Hillary Clinton s presidential campaign Timshel is the parent company of The Groundwork Philanthropy edit Schmidt Family Foundation edit The Schmidt Family Foundation was established in by Wendy Schmidt and Eric Schmidt to address issues of sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources Schmidt and his wife established the Eric Wendy Schmidt Data Science for Social Good Fellowship a University of Chicago summer school program for aspiring data scientists The Schmidt Family Foundation s subsidiaries include ReMain Nantucket and the Marine Science and Technology Foundation its main charitable program is the th Hour Project The Foundation has also awarded grants to the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Energy Foundation The Foundation is the main funder of the Schmidt Ocean Institute supporting the acquisition and operation of its research vessels The Schmidts working with Heart Howerton a San Francisco architectural firm that specializes in large scale land use have inaugurated several projects on the island of Nantucket that seek to sustain the unique character of the island and to minimize the impact of seasonal visitation on the island s core community Ms Schmidt offered the prize purse of the Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X CHALLENGE a challenge award for the efficient capturing of crude oil from seawater motivated by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund edit In Eric and Wendy Schmidt endowed the Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund at Princeton University with million The Fund s purpose is to support cutting edge research and technology in the natural sciences and engineering encouraging collaboration across disciplines It awarded million in grants in and million in grants in Public positions edit Tax avoidance edit Schmidt has claimed that Google s use of artificial distinctions to avoid paying billions of pounds in Corporation tax owed by its UK operations is capitalism and that he was very proud of it On May Margaret Hodge MP the chair of the United Kingdom Public Accounts Committee accused Google of being calculated and unethical over its use of artificial distinctions to avoid paying billions of pounds in Corporation tax owed by its UK operations Google was accused by the committee which represents the interests of all UK taxpayers of being evil for not paying its fair amount of tax In the UK Government introduced a new law intended to penalise Google and other large multinational corporations artificial tax avoidance Google is accused of avoiding paying tens of billions of dollars of tax through a convoluted scheme of inter company licensing agreements and transfers to tax havens Schmidt was also criticised for his inaccurate use of the term capitalism to describe billions of dollars being transferred into tax havens where no economic activity was actually taking place Schmidt with Google founders Privacy edit Publicly Schmidt stated that as paraphrased by CNN Money there has to be a trade off between privacy concerns and functionality His explanations referenced Don t Be Evil During an interview aired on December on the CNBC documentary Inside the Mind of Google Schmidt was asked People are treating Google like their most trusted friend Should they be He replied I think judgment matters If you have something that you don t want anyone to know maybe you shouldn t be doing it in the first place But if you really need that kind of privacy the reality is that search engines including Google do retain this information for some time And it s important for example that we are all subject in the United States to the Patriot Act It is possible that information could be made available to the authorities At the Techonomy conference on August Schmidt expressed that technology is good And he said that the only way to manage the challenges is much greater transparency and no anonymity Schmidt also stated that in an era of asymmetric threats true anonymity is too dangerous However at the Hay Festival Schmidt expressed concern that sharing of personal information was too rampant and could have a negative effect particularly on teenagers stating that we have never had a generation with a full photographic digital record of what they did declaring that We have a point at which we Google forget information we know about you because it is the right thing to do There are situations in life that it s better that they don t exist In Schmidt stated that the government surveillance in the United States was the nature of our society and that he was not going to pass judgment on that However on the revelation that the NSA has been secretly spying on Google s data centers worldwide he called the practice outrageous and criticized the NSA s collection of Americans phone records In Google blacklisted CNET reporters from talking to Google employees for one year until July after CNET published personal information on Schmidt including his political donations hobbies salary and neighborhood that had been obtained through Google searches Network neutrality edit In August Schmidt clarified his company s views on network neutrality I want to be clear what we mean by Net neutrality What we mean is if you have one data type like video you don t discriminate against one person s video in favor of another But it s okay to discriminate across different types So you could prioritize voice over video And there is general agreement with Verizon and Google on that issue Influence of Internet usage in North Korea edit In January Schmidt and Jared Cohen director of Google Ideas visited North Korea along with former New Mexico governor Bill Richardson The trip was highly publicized and controversial due to the ongoing tension between North Korea and the United States Tumblr a Yahoo owned social blogging site featured a page titled Eric Schmidt looking at things and included photographs of Schmidt looking intently at computer screens and other scenes in North Korea On August North Korea announced an indigenous smartphone named Arirang that may be using the Google Android operating system Advocating open Internet use in Burma edit In March Schmidt visited Burma which had been ruled by a military junta for decades and is transitioning to a democracy During his visit Schmidt spoke in favor of free and open Internet use in the country and was scheduled to meet with the country s president Authored Books and Publications edit The New Digital Age edit In Schmidt and Jared Cohen director of the Google Ideas think tank published The New Digital Age Reshaping the Future of People Nations and Business which discusses the geopolitical implications of increasingly widespread Internet use and access to information The book was inspired by an essay in Foreign Affairs magazine the two co wrote in He also wrote the preface to The Startup Game Inside the Partnership between Venture Capitalists and Entrepreneurs by William H Draper III How Google Works edit In Schmidt co authored the New York Times best selling book How Google Works with Jonathan Rosenberg former Senior Vice President of Products at Google and current advisor to Google CEO Larry Page and Alan Eagle The book is a collection of the business management lessons learned over the course of Schmidt and Rosenberg s time leading Google In his book Eric Schmidt argues that successful companies in the technology driven internet age should attract smart and creative employees and then create an environment where they can thrive He argues that the traditional business rules that make a company successful have changed The book states that companies should maximize freedom and speed and decision making should not lie in the hands of the few It also emphasizes that individuals and small teams can have a massive impact on innovation Schmidts Law edit Dating back to early s and dubbed Schmidts Law by George Gilder when Schmidt predicted that the network will become the computer Schmidts Law states When the network becomes as fast as the backplane of your computer the computer hollows out its components dispersing across the Web its value migrating to search and sort functions Other work edit Art collection edit Schmidt was on the list of ARTnews s top art collectors in Bilderberg Group edit He is a member of the Bilderberg Group and has attended the annual Bilderberg conferences every year since He also has a listed membership with the Trilateral Commission He is a member of the International Advisory Board at the Blavatnik School of Government University of Oxford Schmidt Ocean Institute edit With his wife Wendy he formed the Schmidt Ocean Institute which supports oceanographic research by operating RV Falkor Berggruen Institute edit Schmidt is an active member of the Berggruen Institute s st Century Council Acting edit In he had a cameo appearance in the film Dumb and Dumber To starring Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels He also had a cameo appearance in the HBO show Silicon Valley Personal life edit In June Schmidt married Wendy Susan Boyle born in Short Hills New Jersey in They lived in Atherton California in the s They have two daughters Sophie and Allison The two separated in In January Schmidt visited North Korea with his daughter Sophie Jared Cohen and former New Mexico governor Bill Richardson See also edit Google portal Biography portal List of billionaires Model — business model advocated by Schmidt RechargeIT References edit Jump up ^ Google Biography for Dr Eric Schmidt Retrieved July ^ Jump up to a b Google s Eric Schmidt Talks About How to Run the World Not That He Wants To Los Angeles Times June Retrieved July ^ Jump up to a b c Corona Brezina July Sergey Brin Larry Page Eric Schmidt and Google Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b Hart Kim June Google News or Lack Thereof Washingtonpost com Retrieved December Jump up ^ Forbes List of Billionaires Forbes Retrieved July ^ Jump up to a b c d e f g Tim Walker December Is The Executive Chairman of Google Really the Arrogant Defender of Tax Avoidance that His Critics Claim London The Independent Retrieved December ^ Jump up to a b Novell s Schmidt Joins Google at Critical Time CNET Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b Dr Eric Schmidt Resigns from Apple s Board of Directors Press release Apple Inc August Retrieved June ^ Jump up to a b Google VP Named CMU Dean Carnegie Mellon University Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Princeton University Board of Trustees Retrieved September ^ Jump up to a b c Ken Auletta Googled The End of the World As We Know It Retrieved December Jump up ^ http www jimmycarterlibrary gov digital library sso SSO pdf Jump up ^ McCaffrey Scott May New Inductees Named to Yorktown Hall of Fame Sun Gazette Jump up ^ HOF – Eric Schmidt Yorktownalums org Retrieved December Jump up ^ Wolff Josephine February University Library joins Google Book Search The Daily Princetonian Retrieved May Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt The Berkeley Network – A Retrospective PDF Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Retrieved June Jump up ^ Schmidt Eric Controlling Large Software Development in a Distributed Environment PhD thesis University of California Berkeley Jump up ^ Lesk M E Schmidt E Lex – A Lexical Analyzer Generator Retrieved August Jump up ^ Dr Eric Schmidt Appointed Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Novell Inc News release Sun Microsystems March Archived from the original on May Retrieved June Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt April Fool Cars News YouTube May Jump up ^ April Fools Prank on Eric Schmidt from News YouTube July Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt April Fools Prank – MrRedusers News YouTube March Jump up ^ CEO Eric Eric Schmidt stood out because he was the only candidate who had been to Burning Man From Markoff and Zachary on Google quoted are John Markoff and Gregg Zachary See also Business Week s Eric Eric Schmidt Google from September One of the first orders of business was joining his new something colleagues at Burning Man a free form festival of artistic self expression held in a Nevada desert lake bed Sitting in his office shortly after his return tanned and slightly weary Eric Schmidt couldn t have been happier They re keeping me young he declared Jump up ^ Google Form S Registration Statement EDGAR August p Jump up ^ Google Management Eric Schmidt Executive Google Inc Retrieved June Jump up ^ Ken Auletta Googled The End of the World as We Know It Virgin Books ISBN Jump up ^ Google Inc Definitive Proxy Statement Schedule A United States Securities and Exchange Commission April Retrieved June Jump up ^ Google Inc Definitive Proxy Statement Schedule A United States Securities and Exchange Commission March Retrieved June ^ Jump up to a b Google Inc Definitive Proxy Statement Schedule A United States Securities and Exchange Commission April Retrieved June Jump up ^ Null Christopher The Most Important People on the Web PC World March Retrieved on March Archived March at the Wayback Machine Jump up ^ Earlier this year he pulled in almost US million from sales of Google stock and made at least another US million selling shares in the past two months as the stock leaped to more than US a share Mills Elinor August Google balances privacy reach CNET Archived from the original on Retrieved November Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt Forbes December Retrieved December Jump up ^ Baldwin Clare January Google to give outgoing CEO Schmidt US million Reuters Jump up ^ Larry Page is officially Google CEO again Silicon Valley San Jose Business April Retrieved June ^ Jump up to a b Apple Google agree to settle lawsuit alleging hiring conspiracy Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune April Retrieved January Jump up ^ Ames Mark March Newly unsealed documents show Steve Jobs brutal response after getting a Google employee fired PandoDaily Jump up ^ Google CEO Dr Eric Schmidt Joins Apple s Board of Directors Press release Apple Inc August Retrieved June Jump up ^ Brown Joe High Flier California Magazine Retrieved September Jump up ^ unknown Sam Google CEO Named Chairman of Washington Think Tank The Chronicle of Philanthropy Retrieved September Jump up ^ Riley Charles March Google s Eric Schmidt makes rare visit to Myanmar CNN Money Retrieved September Jump up ^ Kinetz Erika March Eric Schmidt Urges Myanmar To Embrace Free Speech Associated Press Retrieved September Jump up ^ New America Foundation Board of Directors accessed May Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt s Newest VC Fund Business Week July Retrieved on September Jump up ^ Companies Innovation Endeavors website Archived from the original on September Retrieved September Jump up ^ Langley Monica Jessica E Vascellaro October Google CEO Backs Obama The Wall Street Journal Jump up ^ Mary Anne Ostrom October Google CEO Eric Schmidt to stump for Obama San Jose Mercury News Retrieved June Jump up ^ Carney Timothy April Google not proud of its politicking Washington Examiner Jump up ^ Membership list of PCAST Whitehouse gov Retrieved on September Jump up ^ Gore Alliance for Climate Protection All In for Plug Ins Calcars org Retrieved March Jump up ^ Pentagon to Establish Defense Innovation Advisory Board ^ Jump up to a b Fernholz Tim Pasick Adam October The stealthy Eric Schmidt backed startup that s working to put Hillary Clinton in the White House Quartz Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Higgins Tim May How an Eric Schmidt Backed Startup May Help Clinton Get Elected Bloomberg Retrieved October Jump up ^ Fernholz Tim Hacked emails show Eric Schmidt played a crucial role in Team Hillary s election tech Quartz Retrieved February Jump up ^ Fernholz Tim Hacked emails show Eric Schmidt played a crucial role in Team Hillary s election tech Quartz Retrieved February Jump up ^ About Us Retrieved January Jump up ^ th Hour Project Grantees th Hour Project website Retrieved October Jump up ^ Winning Teams Announced in the Million Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X CHALLENGE Yahoo Finance October Jump up ^ Eric and Wendy Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund Princeton University website Retrieved October Jump up ^ Schmidt Fund to advance science through support for transformative technology Princeton University website Retrieved October Jump up ^ Bosker Bianca October Eric Schmidt Princeton Receives M From Google CEO For Tech Fund Huffington Post Retrieved October Jump up ^ Google Boss Pledges Million for Princeton Tech Fund The Chronicle of Philanthropy Retrieved October Jump up ^ Parker Hilary Inaugural Schmidt Fund awards enable innovative explorations in sensors and electronics Princeton University news archive Retrieved October Jump up ^ Zandonella Catherine Schmidt Fund awards support transformative technologies Princeton University news archive Retrieved October ^ Jump up to a b Bowers Simon Syal Rajeev May MP on Google tax avoidance scheme I think that you do evil – via The Guardian Jump up ^ Google s tax avoidance is called capitalism says chairman Eric Schmidt Jump up ^ Google boss I m very proud of our tax avoidance scheme December ^ Jump up to a b A highly taxing session for the men from Amazon Google and Starbucks November – via The Guardian Jump up ^ Budget Google Tax introduction confirmed March – via www bbc co uk Jump up ^ The biggest threat to democracy comes from companies like Google ^ Jump up to a b c Westhoven Jennifer CNET We ve been blackballed by Google Archive CNN Money August Retrieved on September Schmidt is officially Google s chief champion and defender and has publicly said that there has to be a trade off between privacy concerns and functionality He has brought up Google s corporate motto Don t Be Evil in those defenses Jump up ^ Google CEO Eric Schmidt on privacy YouTube December Retrieved March Jump up ^ Media – Facebook must be weary of changing the rules Ft com December Retrieved March Jump up ^ Google s Eric Schmidt Society not ready for technology CNET August Retrieved August Jump up ^ Furness Hannah May Telegraph Retrieved on May Jump up ^ Holpuch Amanda Google s Eric Schmidt says government spying is the nature of our society The Guardian Friday September Retrieved on September Jump up ^ Franceschi Bicchierai Lorenzo Mashable Tuesday November Retrieved on November Jump up ^ Goldman David August Why Google and Verizon s Net neutrality deal affects you CNNMoney CNN Retrieved August Jump up ^ Google Execs Say The Power Of Information Is Underrated All Tech Considered NPR April Retrieved August Google executives Eric Schmidt and Jared Cohen recently returned from a highly publicized trip to North Korea They discuss the role of the Internet in more repressive countries Jump up ^ Schmidt s visit to North Korea revealed limits benefits of private diplomacy Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt Looking at Things tumblr Retrieved August Jump up ^ Youkyung Lee August Skepticism as NKorea shows home grown smartphone AP Newswire Stars Stripes Retrieved August The Korean Central News Agency s Aug report said the factory began manufacturing smartphones a few days ago Kim Mun gu a manager at a South Korean mobile phone company said the Arirang smartphone appears to be using the Android operating system He said the photos aren t convincing as proof the North is manufacturing the phones Jump up ^ Hla Tun Aung March Google s Schmidt tells Myanmar a free Internet can anchor reform Reuters website Retrieved October Jump up ^ Riley Charles March Google s Eric Schmidt makes rare visit to Burma CNN website Retrieved October Jump up ^ Kinetz Erika March Eric Schmidt Urges Myanmar To Embrace Free Speech Associated Press Retrieved October Jump up ^ Cohen Jared Eric Schmidt December The Digital Disruption – Connectivity and the Diffusion of Power Foreign Affairs magazine Retrieved October Jump up ^ Kaufman Leslie December Book by From Google Takes a Deep Look at the Web New York Times Media Decoder blog Retrieved October Jump up ^ Shankland Stephen Google execs New Digital Age resists cyber siren song CNET website Retrieved October Jump up ^ The Startup Game Inside the Partnership between Venture Capitalists and Entrepreneurs Amazon February Jump up ^ Best Sellers The New York Times October Jump up ^ How Google Works Jump up ^ Max Wallis September How Google Works by Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg book review The Independent Jump up ^ D ONFRO JILLIAN October Former Google CEO Here s How To Build A Billion Company Business Insider Retrieved October Jump up ^ http www seas upenn edu ~gaj bandgg html Jump up ^ How Google s Chrome OS has deep roots in Eric Schmidt s past Jump up ^ https www discovery org a Jump up ^ Gilder George January Ten Laws Of The Telecosm Redux Jump up ^ ARTnews The ARTnews Top Collectors Artnews com July Retrieved on September Jump up ^ Latest Meetings BilderbergMeetings org Retrieved July Jump up ^ Bilderberg Participant Lists PublicIntelligence net Retrieved July Jump up ^ Skelton Charlie Bilderberg The tipping point The Guardian UK June Jump up ^ Bilderberg list of participants BilderbergMeetings org Archived from the original on August Retrieved August Jump up ^ The Trilateral Commission Executive Committee PDF Retrieved January Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt Blavatnik School of Government www bsg ox ac uk Retrieved Jump up ^ Kerry A Dolan August Google Chairman Eric Schmidt s Falkor A Dream Ship For Ocean Researchers Makes San Francisco Debut Forbes Retrieved August Jump up ^ Berggruen Institute Jump up ^ Blankfqld Keren A Man For All Reasons Forbes December Berggruen plucked from his diverse connections including such boldface names as former U S Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice philanthropist Eli Broad and Google Chief Eric Schmidt Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt Jump up ^ Loose Ends Presidential performance Almanac News October Retrieved November Jump up ^ Holson Laura M August You Could Google Her New York Times Retrieved January Jump up ^ Married Eric Schmidt dating concert pianist Chau Giang Nguyen New York Post September Retrieved December Jump up ^ Amira Dan July Inside Eric Schimdt s Lavish Sex Palace – Daily Intelligencer New York Magazine Retrieved July Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt s daughter details North Korea visit CNN Money January Jump up ^ Greg Dalton May Eric Schmidt and Jared Cohen at the Commonwealth Club San Francisco Climate One Retrieved August Jump up ^ Donald Kirk February A quiet envoy to the hermit kingdom of North Korea Christian Science Monitor Retrieved August Jump up ^ John Battelle December The Percent Solution Google CEO Eric Schmidt gives us his golden rules for managing innovation CNN Money magazine Retrieved August External links edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Eric Schmidt Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eric E Schmidt Eric Schmidt at the Internet Movie Database Eric Schmidt collected news and commentary The Guardian Edit this at Wikidata Eric Schmidt speaks as part of NASA years Lecture series on YouTube January http www mobileworldlive com on stage mwc mobile world congress keynote eric schmidt ceo google Mobile World Congress Keynote Eric Schmidt CEO Google February How Google Works The best ideas by TECHmED Class Action employee suit naming Schmidt Shareholder suit naming Schmidt Eric Schmidt interviews Business positions Preceded by Larry Page Chief Executive Officer Google – Succeeded by Larry Page Preceded by New Position Executive Chairman Alphabet Inc formerly Google –present Incumbent show v t e Apple Inc show v t e Yahoo From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia This article is about the corporation For the search engine see Yahoo Search For other uses see Yahoo disambiguation Yahoo Inc Yahoo logo svg Yahoo Headquarters jpg Yahoo headquarters in Sunnyvale CA Type of site Public Traded as NASDAQ YHOO NASDAQ Component S P Component Founded January years ago as Jerry and David s Guide to the World Wide Web March years ago as Yahoo Headquarters Sunnyvale California U S Area served Worldwide Founder s Jerry Yang David Filo Key people David Filo Chief Yahoo Eric Brandt disambiguation needed Chairman Marissa Mayer President and CEO Industry Internet Computer software Products Yahoo News Yahoo Mail Yahoo Finance Yahoo Sports Yahoo Search Yahoo Messenger Yahoo Answers Tumblr Flickr See Yahoo products Revenue Increase billion Operating income Increase million Net income Increase million Total assets Increase billion Total equity Increase billion Employees Subsidiaries Yahoo subsidiaries Website yahoo com Alexa rank Decrease Global March Yahoo Inc is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Sunnyvale California Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January and was incorporated on March Yahoo was one of the pioneers of the early internet era in the s Marissa Mayer a former Google executive Google Employee number and Google s first female Engineer serves as CEO and President of Yahoo It is globally known for its Web portal search engine Yahoo Search and related services including Yahoo Directory Yahoo Mail Yahoo News Yahoo Finance Yahoo Groups Yahoo Answers advertising online mapping video sharing fantasy sports and its social media website It is one of the most popular sites in the United States According to third party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb Yahoo is the highest read news and media website with over billion views per month being the sixth most visited website globally As of December According to news sources roughly million people visit Yahoo websites every month Yahoo itself claims it attracts more than half a billion consumers every month in more than languages Once the most popular website in the U S Yahoo slowly started to decline since the late s and on July Verizon Communications announced its intent to acquire Yahoo s internet business excluding its stakes in Alibaba Group and Yahoo Japan for billion—the company was once worth over billion Contents hide History Founding Expansion Decline security breaches Verizon purchase Products and services Communication Content Co branded Internet services Mobile services Commerce Small business Advertising GeoPlanet Yahoo Next Yahoo BOSS Yahoo Meme Y Connect Yahoo Accessibility Yahoo Axis Yahoo SearchMonkey Defunct services Twitter slide leak on upcoming changes to Yahoo Privacy Storing personal information and tracking usage Criticism Allegations of sexism against men Management Board of Directors Chief Executive Officers Yahoo International Logos and themes See also References External links History edit Main article History of Yahoo See also Timeline of Yahoo Founding edit Jerry Yang and David Filo the founders of Yahoo In January Yang and Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University when they created a website named Jerry and David s guide to the World Wide Web The site was a directory of other websites organized in a hierarchy as opposed to a searchable index of pages In March Jerry and David s Guide to the World Wide Web was renamed Yahoo The yahoo com domain was created on January The word yahoo is a backronym for Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle or Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle The term hierarchical described how the Yahoo database was arranged in layers of subcategories The term oracle was intended to mean source of truth and wisdom and the term officious rather than being related to the word s normal meaning described the many office workers who would use the Yahoo database while surfing from work However Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the slang definition of a yahoo used by college students in David Filo s native Louisiana in the late s and early s to refer to an unsophisticated rural Southerner rude unsophisticated uncouth This meaning derives from the Yahoo race of fictional beings from Gulliver s Travels Expansion edit Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the s Like many search engines and web directories Yahoo added a web portal By Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users It also made many high profile acquisitions Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot com bubble Yahoo stocks closing at an all time high of a share on January However after the dot com bubble burst it reached a post bubble low of on September Yahoo headquarters in Yahoo began using Google for search in Over the next four years it developed its own search technologies which it began using in In response to Google s Gmail Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in The company struggled through with several large layoffs In February Microsoft Corporation made an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for billion Yahoo formally rejected the bid claiming that it substantially undervalues the company and was not in the interest of its shareholders Three years later Yahoo had a market capitalization of billion Carol Bartz replaced Yang as CEO in January In September she was removed from her position at Yahoo by the company s chairman Roy Bostock and CFO Tim Morse was named as Interim CEO of the company In early after the appointment of Scott Thompson as CEO rumors began to spread about looming layoffs Several key executives such as Chief Product Officer Blake Irving left On April Yahoo announced a cut of jobs or about percent of its workers The cut was expected to save around million annually after the layoffs are completed at end of In an email sent to employees in April Thompson reiterated his view that customers should come first at Yahoo He also completely reorganized the company On May Yahoo issued a press release stating that Thompson was no longer with the company and would immediately be replaced on an interim basis by Ross Levinsohn recently appointed head of Yahoo s new Media group Thompson s total compensation for his day tenure with Yahoo was at least million On July Marissa Mayer was appointed President and CEO of Yahoo effective the following day Yahoo sign at Times Square On May the Yahoo board approved a billion purchase of blogging site Tumblr and the company s CEO and founder David Karp will remain a large shareholder The announcement reportedly signifies a changing trend in the technology industry as large corporations like Yahoo Facebook and Google acquire start up Internet companies that generate low amounts of revenue as a way in which to connect with sizeable fast growing online communities The Wall Street Journal stated that the purchase of Tumblr would satisfy the company s need for a thriving social networking and communications hub On May the company announced the acquisition of Tumblr officially The company also announced plans to open a San Francisco office in July On August Yahoo acquired Rockmelt its staff was retained but all of its existing products were terminated Data collated by comScore during July revealed that more people in the U S visited Yahoo websites during the month in comparison to Google the occasion was the first time that Yahoo outperformed Google since The data did not count mobile usage nor Tumblr In November Yahoo announced that it would acquire the video advertising provider BrightRoll for million On November it was announced that Yahoo had acquired Cooliris Decline security breaches Verizon purchase edit By the fourth quarter of the company s share price had more than doubled since Marissa Mayer took over as president in July however the share price peaked at about in November It did go up to in the mid afternoon of December perhaps on news that the board of directors was meeting to decide on the future of Mayer whether to sell the struggling internet business and whether to continue with the spinoff of its stake in China s Alibaba e commerce site Not all had gone well during Mayer s tenure including the billion acquisition of Tumblr that had yet to prove beneficial and the forays into original video content that led to a million write down Sydney Finkelstein a professor at Dartmouth College s Tuck School of Business told the Washington Post that sometimes the single best thing you can do is sell the company The closing price of Yahoo Inc on December was The Wall Street Journal s Douglas MacMillan reported on February that Yahoo s CEO Marissa Mayer was expected to cut of its workforce On July Verizon Communications announced that it had agreed to purchase Yahoo s core internet business for billion Following the conclusion of the purchase these assets will be merged with AOL to form a new entity known as Oath Yahoo AOL and Huffington Post will continue to operate under their own names under the Oath umbrella The deal excludes Yahoo s stake in Alibaba Group and stake in Yahoo Japan following the completion of the acquisition these assets will be retained under the name Altaba with a new executive team On September Yahoo disclosed a data breach that occurred in late in which information associated with at least million user accounts one of the largest breaches reported to date The United States have indicted four men including two employees of Russia s Federal Security Service FSB for their involvement in the hack On December the company revealed that another separate data breach had occurred in with hackers obtaining sensitive account information including security questions to at least one billion accounts The company stated that hackers had utilized stolen internal software to forge cookies In response to these breaches Bloomberg News reported that Verizon was attempting to re negotiate the deal to reduce the purchase price by million causing a increase in Yahoo stock prices On February Verizon agreed to lower its purchase price for Yahoo by million and share liabilities regarding the investigation into the data breaches Products and services edit Main article List of Yahoo owned sites and services Yahoo operates a portal that provides the latest news entertainment and sports information The portal also gives users access to other Yahoo services like Yahoo Search Yahoo Mail Yahoo Maps Yahoo Finance Yahoo Groups and Yahoo Messenger Communication edit Yahoo provides Internet communication services such as Yahoo Messenger and Yahoo Mail As of May its e mail service would offer unlimited storage Yahoo provided social networking services and user generated content including products such as My Web Yahoo Personals Yahoo ° Delicious Flickr and Yahoo Buzz Yahoo closed Yahoo Buzz MyBlogLog and numerous other products on April Yahoo Photos was closed on September in favor of Flickr On October Yahoo announced that it would discontinue Yahoo ° including bug repairs the company explained that in it would instead establish a universal profile similar to the Yahoo Mash experimental system Content edit Yahoo partners with numerous content providers in products such as Yahoo Sports Yahoo Finance Yahoo Music Yahoo Movies Yahoo Weather Yahoo News Yahoo Answers and Yahoo Games to provide news and related content Yahoo provides a personalization service My Yahoo which enables users to combine their favorite Yahoo features content feeds and information onto a single page On March Yahoo launched Shine a site tailored for women seeking online information and advice between the ages of and Map showing localized versions of Yahoo web portals as of Co branded Internet services edit For more details on this topic see AT T Internet Services § Conversion to AT T Internet Services Yahoo developed partnerships with broadband providers such as AT T Inc via Prodigy BellSouth SBC Verizon Communications Rogers Communications and British Telecom offering a range of free and premium Yahoo content and services to subscribers Mobile services edit Yahoo Mobile offers services for email instant messaging and mobile blogging as well as information services searches and alerts Services for the camera phone include entertainment and ring tones Yahoo introduced its Internet search system called OneSearch for mobile phones on March The results include news headlines images from Flickr business listings local weather and links to other sites Instead of showing only for example popular movies or some critical reviews OneSearch lists local theaters that at the moment are playing the movie along with user ratings and news headlines regarding the movie A zip code or city name is required for OneSearch to start delivering local search results The results of a Web search are listed on a single page and are prioritized into categories As of Yahoo used Novarra s mobile content transcoding service for OneSearch On October Yahoo announced plans to bring video chat to mobile phones via Yahoo Messenger Commerce edit Yahoo offers shopping services such as Yahoo Shopping Yahoo Autos Yahoo Real Estate and Yahoo Travel which enables users to gather relevant information and make commercial transactions and purchases online Yahoo Auctions were discontinued in except for Asia Yahoo Shopping is a price comparison service which uses the Kelkoo price comparison service it acquired in April Small business edit Yahoo provides business services such as Yahoo DomainKeys Yahoo Web Hosting Yahoo Merchant Solutions Yahoo Business Email and Yahoo Store to small business owners and professionals allowing them to build their own online stores using Yahoo s tools citation needed Advertising edit Yahoo Search Marketing provides services such as Sponsored Search Local Advertising and Product Travel Directory Submit that let different businesses advertise their products and services on the Yahoo network Following the closure of a beta version on April the Yahoo Publisher Network was relaunched as an advertising tool that allows online publishers to monetize their websites through the use of site relevant advertisements Yahoo launched its new Internet advertisement sales system on February called Panama It allows advertisers to bid for search terms to trigger their ads on search results pages The system considers bids ad quality clickthrough rates and other factors in ranking ads Through Panama Yahoo aims to provide more relevant search results to users a better overall experience and to increase monetization On April Yahoo announced APT from Yahoo which was originally called AMP from Yahoo an online advertising management platform The platform simplifies advertising sales by unifying buyer and seller markets The service was launched in September In September Yahoo formed an ad selling strategic partnership with of its top competitors AOL and Microsoft But by this was found to be underperforming in market share and revenue as Microsoft simply skimmed off four percent of the search market from Yahoo without growing their combined share The Dublin LGBTQ Pride Festival sponsored by Yahoo A Yahoo branded PC keyboard GeoPlanet edit Main article GeoPlanet Yahoo offers cartographic and geographic services via GeoPlanet Yahoo Next edit Main article Yahoo Next Yahoo Next is an incubation ground for future Yahoo technologies currently undergoing testing It contains forums for Yahoo users to give feedback to assist in the development of these future Yahoo technologies Yahoo BOSS edit Main article Yahoo Search BOSS Yahoo Search BOSS is a service that allows developers to build search applications based on Yahoo s search technology Early Partners in the program include Hakia Me dium Delver Daylife and Yebol In early the program switched to a paid model using a cost per query model from to CPM cost per BOSS queries The price as Yahoo explained depends on whether the query is of web image news or other information Yahoo Meme edit Main article Yahoo Meme Yahoo Meme is a beta social service similar to the popular social networking sites Twitter and Jaiku Y Connect edit Y Connect enables individuals to leave comments in online publication boards by using their Yahoo ID instead of having to register with individual publications The Wall Street Journal reported that Yahoo plans to mimic this strategy used by rival Facebook Inc to help drive traffic to its site Yahoo Accessibility edit Yahoo has invested resources to increase and improve access to the Internet for the disabled community through the Yahoo Accessibility Lab Yahoo Axis edit Main article Yahoo Axis Yahoo Axis is a desktop web browser extension and mobile browser for iOS devices created and developed by Yahoo The browser made its public debut on May A copy of the private key used to sign official Yahoo browser extensions for Google Chrome was accidentally leaked in the first public release of the Chrome extension Yahoo SearchMonkey edit Yahoo SearchMonkey often misspelled Search Monkey was a Yahoo service which allowed developers and site owners to use structured data to make Yahoo Search results more useful and visually appealing and drive more relevant traffic to their sites The service was shut down in October along with other Yahoo services as part of the Microsoft and Yahoo search deal The name SearchMonkey is an homage to Greasemonkey Officially the product name has no space and two capital letters Yahoo SearchMonkey was selected as one of the top Semantic Web Products of Defunct services edit Main article List of Yahoo owned sites and services § Closed defunct services Geocities was a popular web hosting service founded in and was one of the first services to offer web pages to the public At one point it was the third most browsed site on the World Wide Web Yahoo purchased GeoCities in and ten years later the web host was closed deleting some seven million web pages A great deal of information was lost but many of those sites and pages were mirrored at the Internet Archive OOcities com and other such databases Yahoo Go a Java based phone application with access to most of Yahoo services was closed on January Yahoo ° was a blogging social networking beta service launched in March by Yahoo and closed on July Yahoo Mash beta was another social service closed after one year of operation prior to leaving beta status Yahoo Photos was shut down on September in favor of integration with Flickr Yahoo Tech was a website that provided product information and setup advice to users Yahoo launched the website in May On March Yahoo closed down the service and redirected users to Yahoo s technology news section Other discontinued services include Farechase My Web Audio Search Pets Live Kickstart Briefcase and Yahoo for Teachers Hotjobs was acquired by and merged with Monster com Yahoo Koprol was an Indonesian geo tagging website that allowed users to share information about locations without the use of a GPS device Koprol was acquired by Yahoo a year following its inception and in million people were utilizing the website with users also based in Singapore the Philippines and Vietnam However eighty percent of users were Indonesian Yahoo officially discontinued Koprol on August because it did not meaningfully drive revenue or engagement Yahoo Mail Classic was announced as to be shut down in April Yahoo made a notice that starting in June Mail Classic and other old versions of Yahoo Mail will be shut down All users of Mail Classic are expected to switch to the new Yahoo Mail use IMAP or switch to another email service In addition April brought the closure of Upcoming Yahoo Deals Yahoo SMS Alerts Yahoo Kids Yahoo Mail and Messenger feature phone J ME In early July Yahoo announced the scheduled closure of the task management service Astrid Yahoo had acquired the company in May and was to discontinue the service on August The team at Astrid has supplied its customers with a data export tool and recommended former competitors such as Wunderlist and Sandglaz Twitter slide leak on upcoming changes to Yahoo edit On December one day after Yahoo announced layoffs of of its workers across their portfolio MyBlogLog founder Eric Marcoullier posted a slide from a Yahoo employee on Twitter The slide was visible during an employee only strategy webcast indicating changes in Yahoo s offerings The following services were in a column under Sunset Yahoo Picks AltaVista MyM AlltheWeb Yahoo Bookmarks Yahoo Buzz del icio us and MyBlogLog Under the Merge column were Upcoming FoxyTunes Yahoo Events Yahoo People Search Sideline and FireEagle other properties were listed that Yahoo was interested in developing into feature sites within the portal to take the place of the Sunset and Merge vacancies including the prior feature services before the new Yahoo Mail was launched were Yahoo Address Book Calendar and Notepad Despite Notepad being listed as a feature service instead of sunset or merge in Yahoo has since taken steps to de emphasize Notepad For example in January Notepad was no longer linked within the new Yahoo mail service although it continued to be linked in the older Classic version Also starting in mid to late January Notepad was no longer searchable citation needed The blog on the del icio us website released a post by Chris Yeh after the slide was leaked in which Yeh stated that Sunset doesn t necessarily mean that Yahoo is closing down the site Yeh further explained that other possibilities—including del icio us leaving Yahoo through sale or spinoff —were still being considered We can only imagine how upsetting the news coverage over the past hours has been to many of you Speaking for our team we were very disappointed by the way that this appeared in the press On April Yahoo s sale of del icio us to Avos was announced Yahoo Buzz was closed down on April without an official announcement from Yahoo MyBlogLog was then discontinued by Yahoo on May Privacy edit Protest against the mass surveillance by the NSA In September Yahoo s transparency report said the company received thousand requests for information about users from governments in the first six months of Over thousand of the requests came from the United States In October The Washington Post reported that the U S National Security Agency intercepted communications between Yahoo s data centers as part of a program named Muscular In late January Yahoo announced on its company blog that it had detected a coordinated effort to hack into possibly millions of Yahoo Mail accounts The company prompted users to reset their passwords but did not elaborate on the scope of the possible breach citing an ongoing federal investigation Storing personal information and tracking usage edit Yahoo Kimo Taiwan Open Hack Day event in Ambox current red svg This section s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June Working with comScore The New York Times found that Yahoo was able to collect far more data about users than its competitors from its Web sites and advertising network By one measure on average Yahoo had the potential in December to build a profile of records per month about each of its visitors Yahoo retains search requests for a period of months However in response to European regulators Yahoo obfuscates the IP address of users after three months by deleting its last eight bits On March Yahoo announced that it would introduce a Do Not Track feature that summer allowing users to opt out of Web visit tracking and customized advertisements However on April Yahoo announced that it would no longer support the Do Not Track browser setting According to a article in Computerworld Yahoo has a petabyte specially built data warehouse that it uses to analyze the behavior of its half billion Web visitors per month processing billion daily events In contrast the United States Internal Revenue Service IRS database of all United States taxpayers weighs in at only terabytes On September it was reported that data from at least million Yahoo accounts was stolen in In October Reuters reported that in Yahoo created a software to search their customers e mail at the request of NSA or FBI Criticism edit Main article Criticism of Yahoo In Yahoo was taken to court in France by parties seeking to prevent French citizens from purchasing memorabilia relating to the Nazi Party In March Yahoo launched a paid inclusion program whereby commercial websites were guaranteed listings on the Yahoo search engine Yahoo discontinued the program at the end of Yahoo was criticized for providing ads via the Yahoo ad network to companies who display them through spyware and adware Yahoo as well as other search engines cooperated with the Chinese government in censoring search results In April dissident Shi Tao was sentenced to years in prison for providing state secrets to foreign entities as a result of being identified by IP address by Yahoo Human rights organizations and the company s general counsel disputed the extent of Yahoo s foreknowledge of Shi s fate Human rights groups also accuse Yahoo of aiding authorities in the arrest of dissidents Li Zhi and Jiang Lijun In April Yahoo was sued for failing to uphold settlement agreements in this case Yahoo pledged to give support to the families of those arrested and create a relief fund for those persecuted for expressing their views online with Yahoo Human Rights Trust Of the million allotted to this fund million had been used for a townhouse in Washington DC and other purchases In September dissident Wang Xiaoning was convicted of charges of incitement to subvert state power and was sentenced to ten years in prison Yahoo Hong Kong connected Wang s group to a specific Yahoo e mail address Both Xiaoning s wife and the World Organization for Human Rights sued Yahoo under human rights laws on behalf of Wang and Shi As a result of media scrutiny relating to Internet child predators and a lack of significant ad revenues Yahoo s user created chatrooms were closed down in June On May Yahoo s image search was criticized for bringing up sexually explicit images even when SafeSearch was active Yahoo was when a in September owner of Alibaba Group which was a subject of controversy for allowing the sale of shark derived products The company banned the sale of shark fin products on all its e commerce platforms effective January On November Yahoo was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation for sending a DMCA notice to whistle blower website Cryptome for publicly posting details prices and procedures on obtaining private information pertaining to Yahoo s subscribers After some concerns over censorship of private emails regarding a website affiliated with Occupy Wall Street protests were raised Yahoo responded with an apology and explained it as an accident Allegations of sexism against men edit Scott Ard a prominent editorial director fired from Yahoo in has filed a lawsuit accusing Mayer of leading a sexist campaign to purge male employees Ard a male employee stated Mayer encouraged and fostered the use of an employee performance rating system to accommodate management s subjective biases and personal opinions to the detriment of Yahoo s male employees In the suit Ard claimed prior to his firing he had received fully satisfactory performance reviews since starting at the company in as head of editorial programming for Yahoo s home page however he was relieved of his role that was given to a woman who had been recently hired by Megan Lieberman the editor in chief of Yahoo News The lawsuit states Liberman stated that she was terminating Ard because she had not received a requested breakdown of his duties Ard had already provided that very information as requested however and reminded Liberman that he had done so Liberman s excuse for terminating Ard was a pretext A second sexual discrimination lawsuit was filed separately by Gregory Anderson who was fired in alleging the company s performance management system was arbitrary and unfair making it the second sexism lawsuit Yahoo and Meyer has faced in Management edit Board of Directors edit David Filo Co Founder Chief Yahoo and Director Yahoo Inc Sue James Retired Partner Ernst Young LLP Max Levchin Chairman and CEO HVF LLC Marissa Mayer – CEO Yahoo Inc Thomas J McInerney – Former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer IAC InterActiveCorp Charles R Schwab Chairman The Charles Schwab Corporation H Lee Scott Jr Retired President and Chief Executive Officer Wal Mart Stores Jane E Shaw Retired Chairman of the Board Intel Corporation Maynard Webb – Chairman Yahoo founder Webb Investment Network and chairman and former CEO of LiveOps Chief Executive Officers edit Marissa Mayer – Ross Levinsohn Interim Scott Thompson Tim Morse Interim – Carol Bartz – Jerry Yang – Terry Semel – Timothy Koogle – Former chief operating officer Henrique de Castro departed from the company in January after Mayer who initially hired him after her appointment as CEO dismissed him De Castro who previously worked for Google and McKinsey Company was employed to revive Yahoo s advertising business Yahoo International edit Yahoo s Bangalore office Yahoo offers a multi lingual interface The site is available in over languages The official directory for all of the Yahoo International sites is world yahoo com The company s international sites are wholly owned by Yahoo with the exception of its Japan and China sites Yahoo holds a minority stake in Yahoo Japan while SoftBank holds YahooXtra in New Zealand which Yahoo have of and belongs to Telecom New Zealand and Yahoo in Australia which is a – agreement between Yahoo and the Seven Network Historically Yahoo entered into joint venture agreements with SoftBank for the major European sites UK France and Germany and well as South Korea and Japan In November Yahoo purchased the minority interests that SoftBank owned in Europe and Korea Yahoo used to hold a stake in Alibaba which manages a web portal in China using the Yahoo brand name Yahoo in the USA does not have direct control over Alibaba which operates as a completely independent company On September following years of negotiations Yahoo agreed to sell a stake back to Alibaba for billion On March Yahoo launched its Romania local service after years of delay due to the financial crisis Yahoo officially entered the MENA region when it acquired Maktoob a pan regional Arabic language hosting and social services online portal on August Since the service is pan regional Yahoo officially became Yahoo Maktoob in the region On December Yahoo Korea shut down all its services and left the country with its previous domain saying in Korean Starting from December Yahoo Korea has ended You can go to the original Yahoo for more Yahoo s information Sooner did that message also disappear leaving with just an abandoned empty search bar powered by Bing On September Yahoo China shut down and was redirected to taobao com and has been being redirected to Yahoo Singapore s search page Logos and themes edit Logo used from to shown purple variant used from red version still used by Yahoo Japan Yahoo logo with the Y moniker – Yahoo sign with address at its headquarters The first logo appeared when the company was founded in —it was red with three icons on each side The logo used on the Yahoo home page formerly consisted of the color red with a black outline and shadow however in May together with a theme redesign the logo was changed to purple without an outline or shadow This change also applied to several international Yahoo home pages In some countries most notably Yahoo of Australia the logo remained red until On occasion the logo is abbreviated Y On August at around midnight EDT Yahoo announced that the final version of the new logo would be revealed on September at a m UTC In the period leading up to the unveiling of the new logo the Days of Change campaign was introduced whereby a variation of the logo was published every day for the days following the announcement The new logo was eventually launched with an accompanying video that showed its digital construction and Mayer published a personalized description of the design process on her Tumblr page Mayer explains So one weekend this summer I rolled up my sleeves and dove into the trenches with our logo design team We spent the majority of Saturday and Sunday designing the logo from start to finish and we had a ton of fun weighing every minute detail We knew we wanted a logo that reflected Yahoo whimsical yet sophisticated Modern and fresh with a nod to our history Having a human touch personal Proud On September Yahoo launched a new version of the My Yahoo personalized homepage The redesign allows users to tailor a homepage with widgets that access features such as email accounts calendars Flickr and other Yahoo content and Internet content Users can also select theme packs that represent artists such as Polly Apfelbaum and Alec Monopoly and bands such as Empire of the Sun Mayer then explained at a conference in late September that the logo change was the result of feedback from both external parties and employees See also edit San Francisco Bay Area portal Companies portal icon Internet portal List of search engines List of web analytics software Yahoo Guesthouse Yahoo litigation Yahoo Messenger Protocol References edit Jump up ^ Home About Yahoo ^ Jump up to a b c d e Yahoo Inc Financial Statements Google com Jump up ^ Yahoo s Q Earnings Yahoo July ^ Jump up to a b Yahoo com Site Overview Alexa com Alexa Internet Retrieved March Jump up ^ https businesssearch sos ca gov CBS SearchResults SearchType CORP SearchCriteria Yahoo SearchSubType Keyword Jump up ^ Yahoo celebrates th anniversary Yahoo News Retrieved Jump up ^ At Yahoo celebrates and looks ahead Yahoo Retrieved Jump up ^ Yahoo s Sale to Verizon Ends an Era for a Web Pioneer The New York Times July Jump up ^ Perlroth Nicole July Marissa Mayer hopes to improve user experience at Yahoo The Times of India New Delhi Archived from the original on July Jump up ^ Staff yahoo com Quantcast – It s your audience We just find it Quantcast Corporation Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo com Analytics SimilarWeb com Retrieved June Jump up ^ Top sites in the world for News And Media SimilarWeb com Retrieved June Jump up ^ Swartz Jon November Yahoo s latest moves baffle some USA Today Washington D C Retrieved July Jump up ^ Canada Pension Plan mulls Yahoo buy report says Toronto CBC News October Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo LinkedIn com LinkedIn Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo reasons for the internet icon s decline Jump up ^ Yahoo Inc – Company Timeline at the Wayback Machine archived July yhoo client shareholder com Jump up ^ Clark Andrew February How Jerry s guide to the world wide web became Yahoo The Guardian London Retrieved May Jump up ^ Thomson David G Blueprint to a Billion Wiley Interscience p ISBN Jump up ^ Trex Ethan Jerry and David s Guide to the World Wide Web becomes Yahoo Blogs static mentalfloss com Retrieved August Jump up ^ Computer History – Computer Hope Retrieved May Jump up ^ Gaffin Adam Sep Hello Is Anyone Out There Network World Jump up ^ The History of Yahoo – How It All Started Yahoo Media Relations Archived from the original on April Retrieved July Jump up ^ Gurnitsky Joanna What Does Yahoo Stand For About com Retrieved July Jump up ^ The History of Yahoo How It All Started Jump up ^ Yahoo still first portal call BBC News June Retrieved November Jump up ^ Linder Karen The Women of Berkshire Hathaway Hoboken New Jersey John Wiley Sons p ISBN Retrieved May Shortly after the attacks on September Yahoo s stock hit its all time low of Jump up ^ Hundreds of Layoffs Expected at Yahoo The New York Times January Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo rejects Microsoft approach BBC News February Retrieved February Jump up ^ Job cuts help Yahoo profits surge BBC News October Retrieved May Jump up ^ Swisher Kara April Exclusive Yahoo s Chief Product Officer Blake Irving Resigns All Things D Retrieved July Jump up ^ Liedtke Michael April Yahoo dumping workers in latest purge The Jakarta Post Retrieved July ^ Jump up to a b Swisher Kara April It s Official Yahoo Reorgs Itself Just Like We Said Memo Time All Things D Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo Names Fred Amoroso Chairman and Appoints Ross Levinsohn Interim CEO Press release Yahoo May Retrieved July Jump up ^ Oreskovic Alexei May Yahoo CEO says he never provided a resume source Reuters Retrieved July Jump up ^ Pepitone Julianne May Ousted Yahoo CEO will get no severance CNN Money Retrieved May Jump up ^ Matt McGee Search Engine Land Confirmed Marissa Mayer Leaving Google For Yahoo CEO Role July Retrieved Mar Jump up ^ Lublin Joann S Efrati Amir Ante Spencer E May Yahoo Deal Shows Power Shift The Wall Street Journal New York Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo to buy Tumblr – reports News NZ May Jump up ^ Tumblr Yahoo May Jump up ^ Yahoo Plans Splashy New San Francisco Digs and Neon Billboard Dreams Kara Swisher News AllThingsD July Retrieved on August Jump up ^ Yahoo Has Acquired Rockmelt Apps To Shut Down On August st TechCrunch Retrieved February Jump up ^ Garside Juliet August Google overtaken by Yahoo in United States site visitors for first time in two years The Guardian London Retrieved August Jump up ^ Trefis Team November Yahoo Eyes Video Ad Dollars With BrightRoll Acquisition Forbes Retrieved November Jump up ^ By TechCrunch Jump up ^ Campos Rodrigo December With buyback help Yahoo stock has soared under Mayer Yahoo News Retrieved December Jump up ^ Goliya Kshitiz Nayak Malathi December Verizon could explore Yahoo s Internet business CFO says Reuters Retrieved December Jump up ^ no by line > December Yahoo board in final talks on future of company Reuters Retrieved 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of Yahoo will rename itself Altaba Business Insider Retrieved January Jump up ^ Dwoskin Elizabeth January How Yahoo came up with its new name Altaba The Washington Post Retrieved January Jump up ^ Yahoo Says Hackers Stole Data on Million Users in New York Times September Retrieved September Jump up ^ Yahoo state hackers stole data from million users BBC News September Retrieved September Jump up ^ Goel Vindu March Russian Agents Were Behind Yahoo Breach U S Says The New York Times Retrieved March Jump up ^ Here s How Russian Agents Hacked Million Yahoo Users Bloomberg Retrieved March Jump up ^ Goel Vindu December Yahoo Says Billion User Accounts Were Hacked New York Times Retrieved December Jump up ^ Gallagher Sean February Yahoo reveals more breachiness to users victimized by forged cookies Updated Ars Technica Retrieved February Jump up ^ Moritz Scott Sherman Alex Womack Brian February Verizon Said to Near Yahoo Deal at Lower Price After Hacks Bloomberg News Retrieved February ^ Jump 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Lee Cliff Bergkamp Brigida eds September Verizon and Yahoo Extend Strategic Alliance with New Multiyear Co branded Portal Agreement Press release Yahoo Investor Relations Retrieved September Jump up ^ JOHNSON BARY ALYSSA January Verizon Yahoo Launch Co Branded FiOS News Analysis PC Magazine Ziff Davis PCMag Digital Group Retrieved September Jump up ^ BLACKWELL RICHARD July Rogers Yahoo team up for new high speed Internet package The Globe and Mail Newspaper Bell Globemedia Publishing Inc Retrieved September Will compete with Bell Microsoft similar offering Jump up ^ Staff writer January Rogers Cable and Yahoo Co brand Services to Customers LEXPERT LEXPERT CA THOMSON REUTERS CANADA LIMITED Retrieved September Jump up ^ Yahoo Gets Ahead of Google in the Mobile Search Market February Archived from the original on December Jump up ^ Gibbs Colin July Novarra to transcode for Yahoo s oneSearch RCR Wireless US Retrieved July Jump up ^ New Yahoo app to challenge Apple FaceTime on iPhone Reuters October Retrieved December Jump up ^ Yahoo to close North American auction site NBC News Associated Press May Retrieved July Jump up ^ The Leading E Commerce Optimization Site on the Net ECommerceOptimization com Retrieved Jump up ^ Yahoo Publisher Network Yahoo Inc Retrieved July Jump up ^ Elesseily Mona February New Panama Ranking System For Yahoo Ads Launches Today Search Engine Land Third Door Media Inc Retrieved July Jump up ^ Leggatt Helen September Yahoo gives APT an upgrade BizReport Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo Previews Powerful New Online Advertising Management Platform Press release Yahoo April Retrieved July Jump up ^ Keane Meghan September Yahoo Announces New Digital Ad Platform Wired Retrieved July Jump up ^ Kafka Peter September All for One Yahoo AOL Microsoft Band Together for Ad Plan All Things D Retrieved July Jump up ^ Oreskovic Alexei February Yahoo s Mayer says Microsoft search deal underperforms San Jose Mercury News Reuters Jump up ^ Labs Home Yahoo Inc Retrieved July Jump up ^ Schonfeld Erick August Yahoo Boss Is So Open It Runs on Google s App Engine The Washington Post Retrieved May Jump up ^ Hane Paula J July Yahoo Expands Its Open Strategy With BOSS Information Today Retrieved July Jump up ^ New Yahoo app to challenge Apple FaceTime on iPhone Reuters October Jump up ^ Efrati Amir October Yahoo to Offer Media Links The Wall Street Journal Retrieved December Jump up ^ Cooper Chet Angeles Liz February–March Yahoo and Accessibility Ability Magazine Retrieved July Jump up ^ A browser from Yahoo makes surprise debut Jump up ^ Yahoo ships private certificate by accident The Register London May Jump up ^ Top Semantic Web Products of ReadWriteWeb award ReadWriteWeb Retrieved March Jump up ^ GeoCities Climbs to Third Most Trafficked Site on the Internet Press release California PRNewswire January Retrieved August Jump up ^ Fletcher Dan November Internet Atrocity GeoCities Demise Erases Web History Time New York Retrieved July Jump up ^ Saving a Historical Record of GeoCities Internet Archive Retrieved July Jump up ^ Milian Mark October GeoCities time has expired Yahoo closing the site today Los Angeles Times blog Retrieved November Jump up ^ Arghire Ionut November Yahoo Go to Be Shut Down in Early Softpedia Retrieved May Jump up ^ Ngo Dong May Yahoo to close on July CNET News Retrieved May Jump up ^ McCarthy Caroline August Yahoo Mash gets smashed bashed quashed CNET News Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo closes tech website New Statesman London February Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo abandoning GeoCities Physorg April Retrieved August Jump up ^ Grazella Mariel June Yahoo drops Koprol in global overhaul The Jakarta Post Retrieved July Jump up ^ Kevin Joshua June Yahoo is Shutting Down Koprol in Two Months Tech in Asia Retrieved July Jump up ^ Can I switch back to a previous version of Yahoo Mail Yahoo Retrieved October Jump up ^ Protalinski Emil April Yahoo cuts the deadwood with closures The Next Web Retrieved May Jump up ^ Velazko Chris July Yahoo s Recently Acquired Task Tracking Service Astrid Will Go Dark On August TechCrunch Retrieved July Jump up ^ Paris Jon May Yahoo acquires Astrid Astrid blog Retrieved July Jump up ^ Leak Confirmed – Yahoo Shutting Down Delicious Buzz AltaVista MyBlogLog and Other Services TechChunks December Retrieved May Jump up ^ Twitter post of original slide Twitter December Retrieved October Jump up ^ Kirkpatrick Marshall December Now Yahoo Says Delicious Will Live On Somewhere Else ReadWriteWeb Retrieved August Jump up ^ Bosker Bianca April YouTube Founders Buy Yahoo s Delicious Huffington Post Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo Buzz To Die On April OnlyGizmos April Retrieved May Jump up ^ Lee Amy February Yahoo to close MyBlogLog this May Huffington Post Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo reports government data requests Indian Express Retrieved Jump up ^ Gellman Barton Soltani Ashkan October NSA infiltrates links to Yahoo Google data centers worldwide Snowden documents say The Washington Post Retrieved November Jump up ^ Savage Charlie Miller Claire Perlroth Nicole October N S A Said to Tap Google and Yahoo Abroad The New York Times Retrieved November Jump up ^ Yahoo Detects Hacking Attempt on Email Accounts Thomson Reuters Retrieved January Jump up ^ Story Louise and comScore March They Know More Than You Think JPEG The New York Times in Story Louise March To Aim Ads Web Is Keeping Closer Eye on You The New York Times Retrieved March Jump up ^ Helfy Miguel January Yahoo Limits Retention of Search Data The New York Times Retrieved August Jump up ^ DeLuna JoAnn March Yahoo to launch Do Not Track feature Direct Marketing News Haymarket Media Retrieved July Jump up ^ Yahoo Privacy Team April Yahoo s Default A Personalized Experience Yahoo Yahoo Retrieved May ^ Jump up to a b Lai Eric May Size matters Yahoo claims petabyte database is world s biggest busiest Computer World Retrieved August Jump up ^ million Yahoo accounts breached Jump up ^ Joseph Menn Exclusive Yahoo secretly scanned customer emails for U S intelligence sources Reuters reuters com October Retrieved October Jump up ^ Yahoo Has Tough Day in French Court Computerworld com au November Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yahoo Introduces Paid Inclusion Program adweek com Archived from the original on September Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo Shutting Down Paid Inclusion webpronews com Retrieved August Jump up ^ Yahoo s Pop Up Connection Bloomberg BusinessWeek Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo s Adware Counterattack Bloomberg BusinessWeek Retrieved February Jump up ^ Jailed Chinese Journalist Wins WAN Golden Pen of Freedom wmd org Archived from the original on September Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo s Statement before the U S Congress PDF The New York Times Retrieved February Jump up ^ Rights Group Says Yahoo May Have Lied to Congress Voice of America Archived from the original on September Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo Is Sued for Failing to Keep China Dissident Promises Bloomberg com Retrieved Jump up ^ O Brien Luke March Yahoo Betrayed My Husband Wired Retrieved August Jump up ^ Yahoo plea over China rights case BBC News August Retrieved February Jump up ^ Egelko Bob April Suit by wife of Chinese activist San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved November Jump up ^ Mills Elinor June Yahoo closes chat rooms over child sex concerns CNET News Retrieved September Jump up ^ Yahoo image search exposes school to porn The Register London May Retrieved February Jump up ^ Top shareholders back Alibaba s controversial corporate structure Reuters September Jump up ^ Yahoo Tries to Hide Snoop Service Price List Electronic Frontier Foundation Retrieved August Jump up ^ Lee Fang September Yahoo Appears To Be Censoring Email Messages About Wall Street Protests Updated Think Progress Center for American Progress Action Fund Retrieved September Jump up ^ TheFreak September Yahoo Censoring Occupy Wall Street Protest Messages Videosift Sift Partners Inc Retrieved September Jump up ^ Nelson Miranda September Yahoo admits blocking Wall Street protest emails says censorship was not intentional Straight com Vancouver Retrieved September Jump up ^ http www usnews com news articles lawsuit accuses yahoo ceo marissa mayer of discrimination against men ^ Jump up to a b Lawsuit Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer led illegal purge of male workers Retrieved February Jump up ^ Peyser Eve New Lawsuit Alleges Marissa Mayer Tried to Purge Yahoo of Men Updated Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo s Mayer sued for allegedly forcing out male employees Retrieved February Jump up ^ Ferro Shane February Why A Man Is Suing Yahoo For Sexism Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo Names Maynard Webb Permanent Board Chairman Retrieved September Jump up ^ Yahoo Inc – Board of Directors Investor yahoo net Retrieved July Jump up ^ Summary of YAHOO INC – Yahoo Finance Biz yahoo com Archived from the original on January Retrieved July Jump up ^ Jackson Eric September Roy Bostock s Tarnished Legacy at Yahoo Forbes New York Jump up ^ Summary of YAHOO INC – Yahoo Finance Biz yahoo com Archived from the original on May Retrieved July Jump up ^ VINDU GOEL CLAIRE CAIN MILLER January Bumps on a Road to Revival for Yahoo The New York Times Retrieved April Jump up ^ Yahoo co jp Ir yahoo co jp March Retrieved November Jump up ^ Yahoo sell stake to Alibaba Finance yahoo com September Retrieved October Jump up ^ Darren Petterson promises an important increase in Yahoo in Romania in Romanian May Retrieved February Jump up ^ Darren Patterson Yahoo Yahoo ro is scheduled to launch by the end of Q in Romanian Ziarul Financiar May Retrieved February Jump up ^ Fanache the only mohican of Yahoo in Romania If there were no crisis by now we will have had Yahoo Mail and Messenger in Romanian in Romanian Daily Business April Retrieved February Jump up ^ Yahoo Romania will launch in June in Romanian Smash ro November Retrieved February Jump up ^ Mediacafe Yahoo ro won t revolutionise the market and neither will it gross three times more money Money ro December Retrieved February Jump up ^ Kincaid Jason August Confirmed Yahoo Acquires Arab Internet Portal Maktoob TechCrunch Retrieved August Jump up ^ ?? ?? ?? ?? Yahoo Korea Jump up ^ Yahoo ceases China news and community services Bbc co uk September Retrieved October Jump up ^ Yahoo Logo Design Logo Design History Logoorange com Retrieved May Jump up ^ Yardney Michael Yahoo Au yahoo com Retrieved October Jump up ^ Y – Yahoo All Acronyms Retrieved May Jump up ^ Swartz Jon August Yahoo is getting a new logo in a month USA Today Retrieved August Jump up ^ Knight Shawn August Yahoo s days of change campaign will end with new logo design TechSpot Retrieved August Jump up ^ Newton Casey September Yahoo reveals its new logo The Verge Vox Media Inc Retrieved September Jump up ^ Mayer Marissa September Geeking Out on the Logo Marissa s Tumblr Yahoo Retrieved September Jump up ^ Perez Sarah September Yahoo Resurrects The Personalized Homepage With My Yahoo Revamp TechCrunch Retrieved September Jump up ^ Edwards Victoria September Things We Learned From Marissa Mayer and Mark Zuckerberg at TechCrunch Disrupt Search Engine Watch Retrieved September External links edit Official website Business data for Yahoo Google Finance Yahoo Finance Bloomberg Reuters SEC filings Yahoo companies grouped at OpenCorporates show v t e Yahoo show v t e Companies of the NASDAQ index Jerry Yang From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia For other people named Jerry Yang see Jerry Yang disambiguation This is a Chinese name the family name is Yang Jerry Yang Jerry Yang jpg Jerry Yang in Native name ??? Born Jerry Chih Yuan Yang November age Taiwan Republic of China Residence Los Altos Hills California United States Alma mater Stanford University Occupation Founding Partner AME Cloud Ventures Net worth Decrease US billion September Spouse s Akiko Yamazaki Jerry Chih Yuan Yang traditional Chinese ??? simplified Chinese ??? pinyin Yáng Zhìyuan Pe?h oe ji iông tì oán born November in Taipei Taiwan is an American Internet entrepreneur and programmer He is the co founder and former CEO of Yahoo Inc Contents hide Early life Career Yahoo years Dealings in China Alibaba Chinese government collaboration controversies Microsoft negotiations Resignation as CEO to departure AME Cloud Ventures Board seats Personal life Philanthropy References External links Early life edit Jerry Yang s signature Yang was born with the name Yang Chih Yuan in Taipei Taiwan on November his mother was a professor of English and drama and his father died when he was two and by then Yang had a brother In his mother moved the family to San Jose California where his grandmother and extended family took care of the boys while his mother taught English to other immigrants After coming to the US Yang took the American name Jerry his mother Lily and his brother Ken He says that he only knew one English word shoe when he came to America but became fluent in English in about three years Yang earned both a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University in four years He met David Filo at Stanford in and the two of them went to Japan in for a six month exchange program during which he met the woman who would become his wife who was there as part of the exchange program Career edit Yang founded Yahoo in served as CEO from to He left Yahoo in He founded a venture capital firm called AME Cloud Ventures and as of serves on several corporate boards According to Rob Solomon a venture capitalist at Accel Partners Yang was a great founder evangelist strategist and mentor having created the blueprint for what is possible on the Internet Yahoo years edit While studying at Stanford in Yang and David Filo co created an Internet website called Jerry and David s Guide to the World Wide Web which consisted of a directory of other websites As it grew in popularity they renamed it Yahoo Inc Yahoo received around unique visitors by the fall of In April Yahoo received a million investment from Sequoia Capital Tim Koogle was hired as CEO and Yang and Filo were each appointed Chief Yahoo Yahoo received a second round of funding in the Fall from Reuters and Softbank It went public in April with employees In Yang was named to the MIT Technology Review TR as one of the top innovators in the world under the age of Terry Semel who replaced Koogle as CEO after the dot com bubble crash served until when the rise of Google led the board to fire him and appoint Yang as interim CEO Dealings in China edit Yang led Yahoo s investment in Alibaba prior to becoming CEO and served as CEO during the time when Yahoo s dealings with the Chinese government became controversial Alibaba edit Yang met Alibaba founder Jack Ma in during Yang s first trip to China Ma a government employed tour guide and former English teacher gave Yang a tour of the Great Wall of China The two hit it off and discussed the growth of the Web Ma created Alibaba several months later A photo of Yang and Ma at the Great Wall still hangs on the wall in Alibaba s Hangzhou office In under Yang s direction but before he took over as CEO in Yahoo purchased a stake in Alibaba for billion plus the assets of Yahoo China valued at million In Yahoo sold a portion of its stake in Alibaba for billion The company made an additional billion in Alibaba s IPO Eric Jackson the founder of hedge fund Ironfire Capital called Yahoo s investment in Alibaba the best investment an American company has ever made in China and stated Jerry deserves enormous credit for that Chinese government collaboration controversies edit In fall a month after the Alibaba investment news broke that Yahoo had cooperated with Chinese authorities in the arrest of Chinese journalist Shi Tao in November Shi had used a Yahoo email address to anonymously notify a pro democracy website in the US that the Chinese government had ordered the Chinese media not to cover the fifteenth anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Protests of on June Yahoo provided the Chinese security agencies with the IP addresses of the senders the recipients and the time of the message Shi was subsequently convicted for divulging state secrets abroad Yang justified the action stating To be doing business in China or anywhere else in the world we have to comply with local law s Yang and Yahoo were heavily criticized and Reporters Without Borders called Yahoo a Chinese police informant In April Wang Xiaoning and other journalists brought a civil suit against Yahoo for allegedly aiding and abetting the Chinese government which it was claimed resulted in torture that included beatings and imprisonment In early November Yang faced questions from a Congressional committee with respect to Yahoo s role in the arrests of Tao and other journalists in China During the hearings he apologized to Tao s mother who was also at the hearing A week later Yahoo agreed to settle with affected Chinese dissidents paying them undisclosed compensation Yang stated After meeting with the families it was clear to me what we had to do to make this right for them for Yahoo and for the future That week Yang established the Yahoo Human Rights Fund a fund to provide humanitarian and legal support to online dissidents In February Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said that she raised issues about jailed Chinese journalists with her Chinese counterpart Yang Jiechi she cited a letter from Jerry Yang requesting her assistance in freeing the jailed dissidents Late in the Laogai Museum opened the museum was run by noted Chinese dissident Harry Wu and showcased China s laogai penal system It was funded by the Yahoo Human Rights Fund Microsoft negotiations edit In February Microsoft made an unsolicited offer to buy Yahoo for billion at the time Yahoo was still struggling to catch up to Google while Microsoft was still seeking an internet strategy The offer was a premium to Yahoo s market value at the time The negotiations were difficult as Yang had no desire to sell Yahoo and would not make a counter offer Once the negotiations ended in failure in May Yahoo s stock price plunged Yang and board chairman Roy Bostock were strongly criticized by investors for their handling of negotiations which later led to several shareholder lawsuits and a proxy fight led by Carl Icahn which was settled in July Yang s response to the Microsoft takeover was to make a commercial search advertising arrangement with Google but they ended negotiation after U S authorities voiced concerns regarding the effect on competition in the market Resignation as CEO to departure edit On November The Wall Street Journal reported Yang would step down as CEO as soon as the company found a replacement He served as CEO until when Yahoo named Carol Bartz as CEO He regained his former position as Chief Yahoo and remained on Yahoo s board of directors In January Yahoo announced that Yang was leaving the company and would be resigning from the board and all other positions at the company The company also announced his resignation from the boards of Yahoo Japan and Alibaba Corp AME Cloud Ventures edit After leaving Yahoo he became a mentor to technology startups and an investor through his firm AME Cloud Ventures AME pronounced ah meh has provided funding to more than startups including Tango Evernote Wattpad and Chinese travel site Shijiebang Ame means rain in Japanese a nod to Yang s interest in cloud computing He re joined the board of Alibaba in Board seats edit Yahoo Cisco Alibaba Group Stanford University Board of Trustees Workday Inc Curbside citation needed Lenovo Group Ltd Observer Personal life edit Yang is married to Akiko Yamazaki a Japanese woman who was raised in Costa Rica whom he met in during a month Stanford exchange program when they were both students there Yamazaki graduated from Stanford University with a degree in industrial engineering and is a director with the Wildlife Conservation Network He currently resides in Los Altos Hills California Philanthropy edit In February Yang and his wife gave million to Stanford University their alma mater million of which went to building the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building a multi disciplinary research teaching and lab building designed with sustainable architecture principles In late and early the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco exhibited selections from the Chinese calligraphy collection belonging to Yang and his wife He began the collection in the late s it contains about pieces These selections also appeared at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the exhibition Out of Character Decoding Chinese Calligraphy References edit ^ Jump up to a b Jerry Yang Forbes Jump up ^ Jerry Chih Yuan Yang Boardroom Insiders November Retrieved April ^ Jump up to a b Henderson Harry Yang Jerry Chih Yuan Yang A to Z of Computer Scientists Infobase p ^ Jump up to a b c d e f g h i j k l Parmy Olson for Forbes September Finding Alibaba How Jerry Yang Made The Most Lucrative Bet In Silicon Valley History Jump up ^ Pickert Kate November Yahoo CEO Jerry Yang Time Jump up ^ Sherman Josepha Jerry Yang and David Filo chief yahoos of Yahoo Brookfield Conn Twenty First Century Books ISBN ^ Jump up to a b c d Schlender Brent How A Virtuoso Plays The Web Fortune Retrieved Jump up ^ Solomon Rob Yahoo Was the GE of the Internet recode com Recode Retrieved January Jump up ^ Yahoo Inc – Company History yhoo client shareholder com Jump up ^ Hal Plotkin for Metro April MetroActive A Couple of Yahoos Jump up ^ Young Innovators Under Jerry Yang Technology Review Retrieved August ^ Jump up to a b c d e f Brian Womack for Bloomberg News Sept Yahoo s Yang Is Back Playing Alibaba Board Power Broker ^ Jump up to a b Helft Miguel September Jerry Yang The most successful American investor in China Fortune Time Inc Retrieved January Jump up ^ Novellino Teresa October Inside Jerry Yang s wild bet on Alibaba and Jack Ma Upstart Business Journal American City Business Journals Retrieved January ^ Jump up to a b Joseph Kahn for the New York Times September Yahoo Role Documented in Chinese Trial Jump up ^ Reporters Without Borders September Information supplied by Yahoo helped journalist Shi Tao get years in prison Jump up ^ Editors of the Washington Post September Editorial Obeying Orders Jump up ^ Miguel Helft for the New York Times April Chinese Political Prisoner Sues in U S Court Saying Yahoo Helped Identify Dissidents Jump up ^ Yahoo summoned to Washington over Chinese arrests c net news blog October Jump up ^ Boudreau John Lawmaker scolds Yahoo Morally you are pygmies Mercury News Retrieved Jump up ^ Associated Press in the New York Times November Yahoo Criticized in Case of Jailed Dissident Jump up ^ Corey Boles and Scott Morrison for the Wall Street Journal Nov Yahoo Settles Suit Over Jailed Chinese Dissidents Jump up ^ Press Release Yahoo Inc Reaches Settlement On Lawsuit Works To Establish Human Rights Fund PDF Yahoo November Jump up ^ Rice presses China on jailed dissidents New York Times Jump up ^ Fowler Geoffrey A November Yahoo Sponsored Chinese Human Rights Museum Opens in Washington The Wall Street Journal Retrieved December Jump up ^ Yahoo weighs up options Financial Times February ^ Jump up to a b Lohr Steve Microsoft s Failed Yahoo Bid Risks Online Growth New York Times Retrieved Jump up ^ Rob Hof for Bloomberg BusinessWeek TechBeat July Yahoo Settles Proxy Fight With Icahn What s Next Jump up ^ Yang to Step Down as Yahoo CEO The Wall Street Journal November Jump up ^ Yahoo names new chief executive BBC News January Jump up ^ Michael Liedtke Yahoo to Replace Yang as CEO TheStreet com Retrieved permanent dead link Jump up ^ Yahoo announces resignation of Jerry Yang Marketwatch News January Jump up ^ Jerry Yang Is Back And Investing More Than Ever Wall Street Journal March Jump up ^ Jerry Yang s Next Act Startup Investor and Mentor Mashable March Jump up ^ John Chambers for Cisco Blogs September Jerry Yang to Retire from Cisco s Board ^ Jump up to a b Stanford University Press Release February Alumni couple Jerry Yang co founder of Yahoo and Akiko Yamazaki pledge million to alma mater Jump up ^ Profile of Jerry Yang Forbes com Retrieved on Jump up ^ Stanford Report March Y E New building sets sustainability standards for Stanford Jump up ^ Seno Alexandra A October Worthy Characters The Wall Street Journal Retrieved January Jump up ^ Rosenberg Karen June A Calligraphic Answer to I Like This The New York Times Retrieved January External links edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jerry Yang Appearances on C SPAN Jerry Yang on Charlie Rose Jerry Yang at the Internet Movie Database Jerry