criticized for contributing to child trafficking as impoverished parents sell their young daughters to rich older men A senior Papua New Guinea police officer has called for the abolishing of bride price arguing that it is one of the main reasons for the mistreatment of women in that country The opposite practice of dowry has been linked to a high level of violence see dowry deaths and to crimes such as extortion Children born outside marriageFurther information Legitimacy family law The Outcast by Richard Redgrave A patriarch casts his daughter and her illegitimate baby out of the family home Percentage of births to unmarried women selected countries and Historically and still in many countries children born outside marriage suffered severe social stigma and discrimination In England and Wales such children were known as bastards and whoresons There are significant differences between world regions in regard to the social and legal position of non marital births ranging from being fully accepted and uncontroversial to being severely stigmatized and discriminated The European Convention on the Legal Status of Children Born out of Wedlock protects the rights of children born to unmarried parents The convention states among others that "The father and mother of a child born out of wedlock shall have the same obligation to maintain the child as if it were born in wedlock" and that "A child born out of wedlock shall have the same right of succession in the estate of its father and its mother and of a member of its father s or mother s family as if it had been born in wedlock " While in most Western countries legal inequalities between children born inside and outside marriage have largely been abolished this is not the case in some parts of the world The legal status of an unmarried father differs greatly from country to country Without voluntary formal recognition of the child by the father in most cases there is a need of due process of law in order to establish paternity In some countries however unmarried cohabitation of a couple for a specific period of time does create a presumption of paternity similar to that of formal marriage This is the case in Australia Under what circumstances can a paternity action be initiated the rights and responsibilities of a father once paternity has been established whether he can obtain parental responsibility and weather he can be forced to support the child as well as the legal position of a father who voluntarily acknowledges the child vary widely by jurisdiction A special situation arises when a married woman has a child by a man other than her husband Some countries such as Israel refuse to accept a legal challenge of paternity in such a circumstance in order to avoid the stigmatization of the child see Mamzer a concept under Jewish law In the European Court of Human Rights ruled in favor of a German man who had fathered twins with a married woman granting him right of contact with the twins despite the fact that the mother and her husband had forbidden him to see the children The steps that an unmarried father must take in order to obtain rights to his child vary by country In some countries such as the UK – since in England and Wales in Scotland and in Northern Ireland it is sufficient for the father to be listed on the birth certificate for him to have parental rights in other countries such as Ireland simply being listed on the birth certificate does not offer any rights additional legal steps must be taken if the mother agrees the parents can both sign a "statutory declaration" but if the mother does not agree the father has to apply to court Children born outside marriage have become more common and in some countries the majority Recent data from Latin America showed figures for non marital childbearing to be for Colombia for Peru for Chile for Brazil for Argentina for Mexico In in the European Union of births were outside marriage and in the United States in the figure was similar at In the United Kingdom of births were to unmarried women in in Ireland the figure was During the first half of the th century unmarried women in some Western countries were coerced by authorities to give their children up for adoption This was especially the case in Australia through the forced adoptions in Australia with most of these adoptions taking place between the s and the s In Julia Gillard then Prime Minister of Australia offered a national apology to those affected by the forced adoptions Some married couples choose not to have children Others are unable to have children because of infertility or other factors preventing conception or the bearing of children In some cultures marriage imposes an obligation on women to bear children In northern Ghana for example payment of bridewealth signifies a woman s requirement to bear children and women using birth control face substantial threats of physical abuse and reprisals

Marriage and religion“ Marriage is the union of two different surnames in friendship and in love in order to continue the posterity of the former sages and to furnish those who shall preside at the sacrifices to heaven and earth at those in the ancestral temple and at those at the altars to the spirits of the land and grain ” — Confucius Further information Religion and divorce Religions develop in specific geographic and social milieux Unsurprisingly religious attitudes and practices relating to marriage can vary The precepts of mainstream religions include as a rule unequivocal prescriptions for marriage establishing both rituals and rules of conduct citation needed Abrahamic religions Rembrandt s depiction of Samson s marriage feastBahá íThe Bahá í Faith encourages marriage and views it as a mutually strengthening bond but it is not obligatory A Bahá í marriage requires the couple to choose each other and then obtain the consent of all living parents Christianity Crowning during Holy Matrimony in the Syro Malabar Catholic Church an Eastern Catholic Church and a part of the Saint Thomas Christian community in IndiaMain article Christian views of marriage Christian wedding in Kyoto Japan Russian orthodox wedding ceremonyChristian marriages are based upon the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Apostle Paul As of update many quantify Christian denominations regard marriage as a sacrament as a sacred institution or as a covenant but this was not always the case before the Council of Verona officially recognized marriage as a sacrament Before then no specific ritual was prescribed for celebrating a marriage "Marriage vows did not have to be exchanged in a church nor was a priest s presence required A couple could exchange consent anywhere anytime " Decrees on marriage of the Council of Trent twenty fourth session from made the validity of marriage dependent upon the wedding taking place before a priest and two witnesses although the lack of a requirement for parental consent ended a debate that had proceeded from the th century In the case of a divorce the right of the innocent party to marry again was denied so long as the other party was alive even if the other party had committed adultery The Christian Church performed marriages in the vestibule prior to the th century when the emphasis was on the marriage contract and betrothal Then the ceremony moved inside the sacristy Christians often quantify marry for religious reasons ranging from following the biblical injunction for a "man to leave his father and mother and cleave to his wife and the two shall become one" Gen to obeying canon law stating marriage between baptized persons is a sacrament Divorce and remarriage while generally not encouraged are regarded differently by each Christian denomination Most Protestant Churches allow people to marry again after a divorce The Eastern Orthodox Church allows divorce for a limited number of reasons and in theory but usually not in practice requires that a marriage after divorce be celebrated with a penitential overtone In the Roman Catholic Church an annulment can end a marriage where the Church for special reasons regards it as never having taken place Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man and he brought her to the man The man said "This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh she shall be called woman for she was taken out of man " For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife and they will become one flesh Genesis – So they are no longer two but one Therefore what God has joined together let man not separate —?Jesus Matthew Catholics Eastern Orthodox Christians and many Anglicans consider marriage termed holy matrimony to be an expression of divine grace termed a sacrament or mystery In Western ritual the ministers of the sacrament are the husband and wife themselves with a bishop priest or deacon merely witnessing the union on behalf of the church and adding a blessing In Eastern ritual churches the bishop or priest functions as the actual minister of the Sacred Mystery Eastern Orthodox deacons may not perform marriages Western Christians commonly refer to marriage as a vocation while Eastern Christians consider it an ordination and a martyrdom though the theological emphases indicated by the various names are not excluded by the teachings of either tradition dubious – discuss Marriage is commonly celebrated in the context of a Eucharistic service a nuptial Mass or Divine Liturgy The sacrament of marriage is indicative of the relationship between Christ and the Church Eph – The Roman Catholic tradition of the th and th centuries defined marriage as a sacrament ordained by God signifying the mystical marriage of Christ to his Church The matrimonial covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life is by its nature ordered toward the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring this covenant between baptized persons has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament The mutual love between man and wife becomes an image of the eternal love with which God loves humankind The celebration of marriage between two Catholics normally takes place during the public liturgical celebration of the Holy Mass because of its sacramental connection with the unity of the Paschal mystery of Christ Communion Sacramental marriage confers a perpetual and exclusive bond between the spouses By its nature the institution of marriage and conjugal love is ordered to the procreation and upbringing of offspring Marriage creates rights and duties in the Church between the spouses and towards their children " e ntering marriage with the intention of never having children is a grave wrong and more than likely grounds for an annulment" According to current Catholic legislation governing marriage the essential properties of marriage are unity and indissolubility in Christian marriage they acquire a distinctive firmness by reason of the sacrament Divorce is not recognized but annulments predicated upon previously existing impediments may be granted Offspring resulting from annulled relationships are considered legitimate Remarried persons divorced from a living lawful spouse are not separated from the Church but they cannot receive Eucharistic communion For Protestant denominations the purposes of marriage include intimate companionship rearing children and mutual support for both husband and wife to fulfill their life callings Protestants are generally not opposed to the use of birth control citation needed and consider marital sexual pleasure to be a gift of God Most Reformed Christians would deny the elevation of marriage to the status of a sacrament nevertheless it is considered a covenant between spouses before God cf Ephesians – A couple following their marriage in the Manti Utah TempleSince the sixteenth century five competing models of marriage in have shaped Protestant marriage and legal tradition The Protestant Reformationists replaced the Roman Catholic sacramental model citation needed Martin Luther saw it as a social "estate of the earthly kingdom subject to the prince not the Pope " citation needed John Calvin taught that marriage was a covenant of grace that required the coercive power of the state to preserve its integrity citation needed Anglicans regarded marriage as a domestic commonwealth within England and the church By the th century Anglican theologians had begun to develop a theology of marriage to replace the sacramental model of marriage These "regarded the interlocking commonwealths of state church and family as something of an earthly form of heavenly government" citation needed The secularism of the Enlightenment emphasized marriage as a contract "to be formed maintained and dissolved as the couple sees fit" Once the process of marriage was secularized into a private contract the role of churches substantially diminished for Protestants This culminated in the second half of the th century with nearly all Protestants permitting divorce and remarriage Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints LDS Church believe that "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God and that the family is central to the Creator s plan for the eternal destiny of His children " The LDS believe that marriage between a man and a woman can last beyond death and into eternity Marriages between LDS couples are normally solemnized in LDS temples though they regard civil marriages just as valid as temple marriages Christian attitudes to same sex marriage A same sex couple exchanging wedding vows in a Unitarian Universalist FellowshipMain article Religious arguments about same sex marriage While most Christian denominations do not currently perform same sex marriages some do such as Unitarian Universalist Metropolitan Community Church Quaker United Church of Canada and United Church of Christ congregations and some Anglican dioceses for example Same sex marriage is recognized by various religious denominations Islam This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August Main article Islamic marital jurisprudence Newlywed couples visit Tamerlane s statues to receive wedding blessings in Uzbekistan A Muslim bride of Pakistan origin signing the nikkah nama or marriage certificate A Muslim couple being wed alongside the Tungabhadra River at Hampi India Islam also commends marriage with the age of marriage being whenever the individuals feel ready financially and emotionally In Islam polygyny is allowed while polyandry is not with the specific limitation that a man can have no more than four legal wives at any one time and an unlimited number of female slaves as concubines with the requirement that the man is able and willing to partition his time and wealth equally among the respective wives For a Muslim wedding to take place the bridegroom and the guardian of the bride wali must both agree on the marriage Should the guardian disagree on the marriage it may not legally take place If the wali of the girl her father or paternal grandfather he has the right to force her into marriage even against her proclaimed will if it is her first marriage A guardian who is allowed to force the bride into marriage is called wali mujbir From an Islamic Sharia law perspective the minimum requirements and responsibilities in a Muslim marriage are that the groom provide living expenses housing clothing food maintenance to the bride and in return the bride s main responsibility is raising children to be proper Muslims All other rights and responsibilities are to be decided between the husband and wife and may even be included as stipulations in the marriage contract before the marriage actually takes place so long as they do not go against the minimum requirements of the marriage In Sunni Islam and Ahmadiyya Islam marriage must take place in the presence of at least two reliable witnesses with the consent of the guardian of the bride and the consent of the groom Following the marriage the couple may consummate the marriage To create an urf marriage it is sufficient that a man and a woman indicate an intention to marry each other and recite the requisite words in front of a suitable Muslim The wedding party usually follows but can be held days or months later whenever the couple and their families want to however there can be no concealment of the marriage as it is regarded as public notification due to the requirement of witnesses In Shia Islam marriage may take place without the presence of witnesses as is often the case in temporary mut ah marriage prohibited in Sunni Islam but with the consent of both the bride and the groom Following the marriage they may consummate their marriage citation needed Judaism A Jewish wedding painting by Jozef Israëls A Ketubah in Hebrew a Jewish marriage contract outlining the duties of each partner Main article Jewish views of marriage In Judaism marriage is based on the laws of the Torah and is a contractual bond between a man and a woman in which the woman dedicates herself to be the exclusive woman of a single man This contract is called Kiddushin Though procreation is not the sole purpose a Jewish marriage is also expected to fulfill the commandment to have children Gen The main focus centers around the relationship between the husband and wife Kabbalistically marriage is understood to mean that the husband and wife are merging into a single soul This is why a man is considered "incomplete" if he is not married as his soul is only one part of a larger whole that remains to be unified The Hebrew Bible Christian Old Testament describes a number of marriages including those of Isaac Gen – Jacob Gen and Samson Judges – Polygyny or men having multiple wives at once is one of the most common marital arrangements represented in the Hebrew Bible Today Ashkenazi Jews are prohibited to take more than one wife because of a ban instituted on this by Gershom ben Judah Died Among ancient Hebrews marriage was a domestic affair and not a religious ceremony the participation of a priest or rabbi was not required Betrothal erusin which refers to the time that this binding contract is made is distinct from marriage itself nissu in with the time between these events varying substantially In biblical times a wife was regarded as chattel belonging to her husband the descriptions of the Bible suggest that she would be expected to perform tasks such as spinning sewing weaving manufacture of clothing fetching of water baking of bread and animal husbandry However wives were usually looked after with care and men with more than one wife were expected to ensure that they continue to give the first wife food clothing and marital rights Ex Since a wife was regarded as property her husband was originally free to divorce her for any reason at any time Divorcing a woman against her will was also banned by Gershom ben Judah A divorced couple were permitted to get back together unless the wife had married someone else after her divorce Deut – HinduismMain article Marriage in Hinduism Hindu marriage ceremony from a Rajput wedding A Nepali Hindu couple in marriage ceremony Hinduism sees marriage as a sacred duty that entails both religious and social obligations Old Hindu literature in Sanskrit gives many different types of marriages and their categorization ranging from "Gandharva Vivaha" instant marriage by mutual consent of participants only without any need for even a single third person as witness to normal present day marriages to "Rakshasa Vivaha" "demoniac" marriage performed by abduction of one participant by the other participant usually but not always with the help of other persons In India and generally in South Asia arranged marriages the spouse s parents or an older family member choose the partner are still predominant in comparison with so called love marriages until nowadays The Hindu Widow s Remarriage Act empowers a Hindu widow to remarry Sati the practice of a widow immolating herself on her husband s funeral pyre was officially outlawed by India s British rulers in The last sati incident allegedly ouccured in Rajasthan in when year old Roop Kanwar allegedly committed sati A court order ruled in that no such incident had occurred and acquitted all accused BuddhismMain article Buddhist view of marriage The Buddhist view of marriage considers marriage a secular affair and thus not a sacrament Buddhists are expected to follow the civil laws regarding marriage laid out by their respective governments Gautama Buddha being a kshatriya was required by Shakyan tradition to pass a series of tests to prove himself as a warrior before he was allowed to marry SikhismIn a Sikh marriage the couple walks around the Guru Granth Sahib holy book four times and a holy man recites from it in the kirtan style The ceremony is known as Anand Karaj and represents the holy union of two souls united as one WiccaWiccan marriages are commonly known as handfastings Although handfastings vary for each Wiccan they often involve honoring Wiccan gods Sex is considered a pious and sacred activity Marriage and healthMain article Marriage and health Marriage like other close relationships exerts considerable influence on health Married people experience lower morbidity and mortality across such diverse health threats as cancer heart attacks and surgery Research on marriage and health is part of the broader study of the benefits of social relationships Social ties provide people with a sense of identity purpose belonging and support Simply being married as well as the quality of one s marriage has been linked to diverse measures of health clarification needed The health protective effect of marriage is stronger for men than women Marital status — the simple fact of being married — confers more health benefits to men than women Women s health is more strongly impacted than men s by marital conflict or satisfaction such that unhappily married women do not enjoy better health relative to their single counterparts Most research on marriage and health has focused on heterosexual couples and more work is needed to clarify the health impacts of same sex marriage Divorce and annulmentMain articles Divorce and Divorce law by country In most societies the death of one of the partners terminates the marriage and in monogamous societies this allows the other partner to remarry though sometimes after a waiting or mourning period In some societies a marriages can be annulled when an authority declares that a marriage never happened Jurisdictions often have provisions for void marriages or voidable marriages A marriage may also be terminated through divorce Countries that have relatively recently legalized divorce are Italy Portugal Brazil Spain Argentina Paraguay Colombia Ireland Chile and Malta As of the Philippines and the Vatican City are the only jurisdictions which do not allow divorce this is currently under discussion in Philippines After divorce one spouse may have to pay alimony Laws concerning divorce and the ease with which a divorce can be obtained vary widely around the world After a divorce or an annulment the people concerned are free to remarry or marry A statutory right of two married partners to mutually consent to divorce was enacted in western nations in the mid th century In the United States no fault divorce was first enacted in California in and the final state to legalize it was New York in About of marriages in Britain and according to a study of marriages in the U S end in divorce History of marriageAncient worldSee also Marriage in ancient Rome and Ancient Greek wedding customs Many cultures have legends concerning the origins of marriage The way in which a marriage is conducted and its rules and ramifications has changed over time as has the institution itself depending on the culture or demographic of the time According to ancient Hebrew tradition a wife was seen as being property of high value and was therefore usually carefully looked after Early nomadic communities in the middle east practised a form of marriage known as beena in which a wife would own a tent of her own within which she retains complete independence from her husband this principle appears to


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carmel-nougat carmen-blonde carmen-de-la-torre carmen-moore carmen-rose carol-connors carol-cross carol-cummings carole-dubois carole-gire carole-pierac carol-titian carolyn-connoly carolyn-monroe carrie-cruise cassandra-leigh cassidy cassie-courtland cataline-bullock catherine-count catherine-crystal catherine-ringer catherine-tailleferre cathy-delorme cathy-menard cathy-stewart celeste-fox celine-gallone chanel-preston chanel-price chantal-virapin chanta-rose chantelle-stevens charisma charisma-cole charlie-latour charlie-waters charlotte-de-castille charmane-star chasey-lain chayse-manhattan chaz-vincent chelsea-sinclaire chennin-blanc cheri-janvier cheri-taylor cherry-hill chessie-moore cheyenne-hunter cheyenne-silver china-lee china-leigh china-moon chloe-cruize chloe-dior chloe-kez chloe-stevens chris-collins chris-jordan chris-petersen chrissie-beauchamp christa-abel christa-ludwig christie-ford christi-lake christina-berg christina-blond christina-evol christina-skye christine-black christine-chavert christine-neona christine-rigoler christy-canyon cicciolina cindi-stephens cindy-carver cindy-crawford cindy-more cindy-shepard cindy-wong cinthya-marinho clair-dia claire-robbins claude-janna claudia-jackson claudia-jamsson claudia-mehringer claudia-nero claudia-van-statt claudia-zante claudine-beccarie clea-carson cleo-nichole cleo-patra cody-lane cody-love cody-nicole coffee-brown colleen-brennan connie-bennett connie-peterson constance-money copper-penny coreena corey-everson corinne-lemoine corneliah cory-everson cory-wolf courtney courtney-cummz courtney-james cris-cassidy crissy-moran cris-taliana crystal-breeze crystal-dawn crystal-holland crystal-knight crystal-lake crystal-lovin crystal-sync csilla-kalnay cuban-bee cynara-fox cyndee-summers cynthia-black cynthia-brooks cynthia-hammers cynthia-lavigne dagmar-lost daisy-layne dallas-miko dana-dylan dana-lynn danica-rhea daniela-nanou daniela-schiffer daniele-troeger daniella daniella-schiffer danielle danielle-foxxx danielle-rodgers danny-ricci danyel-cheeks daphne daphne-rosen darby-lloyd-rains darla-crane darla-delovely davia-ardell dayton-rain debbie-northrup debbie-revenge debbie-van-gils debi-diamond debi-jointed debra-lynn deidra-hopkins deidre-holland delania-raffino delia-moore delphine-thail delta-force delta-white demi-moor denice-klarskov denise-derringer denise-dior denise-sloan desiree-cousteau desiree-foxx desiree-lane desiree-west deva-station devin-devasquez devinn-lane devon-shire dia diana-holt diana-kisabonyi diana-siefert diana-stevenson diane-dubois diane-richards diane-sloan diane-suresne dido-angel dillan-lauren dina-deville dina-jewel dina-pearl ditty-blue diva divinity-love djiana dolly-darkley dominique dominique-dewitt dominique-saint-claire donna-hart donna-marie dorle-buchner dorothy-lemay dorothy-onan drea drimla dru-berrymore dusty-rose dyanna-lauren ebony-ayes edina-blond edita-ungerova edwige-faillel eileen-wells elaine-southern elena-berkova elena-maria-ricci eleonore-melzer elisabeth-bure elis-black elise elise-di-medici elle-devyne elle-rio elodie-delage elsa-maroussia elza-brown emili-doll emily-evermoore emily-george emily-jewel emmanuelle-pareze envy-mi erica-boyer erica-eaton erica-havens erica-idol erica-lauren erika-bella erika-cool erika-heaven erika-lockett esme-monroe eva-allen eva-angel eva-dionisio eva-gross eva-kleber eva-lux eva-uettori eve-laurence evelyne-lang evie-delatosso fabiana-venturi faith-stevens fallon fanny-garreau fanny-steel faye-runaway flame flick-shagwell flore-soller flower france-lomay france-quenie francoise frankie-leigh gabriella gabriella-mirelba gabriella-vincze gail-force gail-palmer gail-sterling georgette-saunders georgia-peach georgina-spelvin gia-givanna gianna-lynn gili-sky gina-carrera gina-gianetti gina-janssen gina-lee gina-martell gina-valentino ginger-jay ginger-lee ginger-lynn ginny-noack giovanna gisela-schwarz giselle-monet gladys-laroche gloria-leonard gloria-todd golden-jade greta-carlson greta-milos guia-lauri-filzi gwenda-farnel hare-krane harley-raine hayley-jade hazel-young heather-deeley heather-ellis heather-hart heather-lere heather-lyn heather-manfield heather-thomas heather-torrance heather-wayne heather-young helen-madigan helen-thomas helga-sven helga-wild hillary-summers holly-hollywood holly-joy holly-page holly-ryder honey-winter hottie-hollie hyapatia-lee ida-fabry ildiko-smits illana-moor ines-ridere ingrid-choray isabella-dior isabella-soprano isabelle-allay isabelle-brell isabelle-marchall isobel-wren iveta ivette-blanche jackie-right jacqueline-lorians jacy-allen jada-stevens jade-east jade-hsu jade-marcela jade-summers jade-wong jahn-gold jamie-brooks jamie-james jamie-summers jana-irrova jana-mrazkova jane-baker jane-darling jane-iwanoff jane-lindsay jane-lixx janet-jacme janey-robbins jasmine-delatori jayden-simone jaylyn-rose jayna-woods jazella-moore jazmin-luna-gold jean-afrique jeanette-littledove jeanie-marie-sullivan jean-jennings jeanna-fine jeannie-pepper jenna-jameson jenna-jane jenna-presley jenna-wells jennifer-haussmann jennifer-janes jennifer-jordan jennifer-morante jennifer-noxt jennifer-stewart jennifer-welles jennifer-west jenny jenny-feeling jenny-fields jenny-wings jersey-jaxin jesie-st-james jesse-capelli jessica-bangkok jessica-bogart jessica-darlin jessica-fiorentino jessica-gabriel jessica-laine jessica-may jessica-road jessica-wylde jessi-foster jill-ferari jill-kelly joana-redgrave joan-devlon joanna-storm joanna-sweet jody-maxwell joelle-lequement joelle-petinot johnni-black jordana-james jordan-green jordan-nevaeh jordan-star josephine-carrington joslyn-james julia-chanel julia-dal-fuoco juliana-grandi julia-paes julia-parton julia-perrin julia-swen julia-thomas julie-meadows julie-rage julie-simone juliet-anderson juliet-graham juliette-carelton kacey-jordan kagney-linn-karter kaitlyn-ashley kalena-rios kami-andrews kamila-smith kandee-licks kandi-barbour kapri-styles kara-nox karen-summer kari-foxx karine-gambier karin-schubert karli-sweet karmen-kennedy karol-castro kascha kassi-nova kat kate-frost kate-jones kathia-nobili kathleen-gentry kathleen-white kathy-divan kathy-harcourt kathy-heart kathy-kash katie-cummings katja-love kat-langer katrina-isis katrina-kraven katy-borman katy-caro kaycee-dean kayla-kupcakes kay-parker k-c-valentine keama-kim keira-moon keisha keli-richards kelli-tyler kelly-adams kelly-blue kelly-broox kelly-hearn kelly-kay kelly-kline kelly-nichols kelly-royce kelly-skyline kendra-kay kenzi-marie keri-windsor ketthy-divan kianna-dior kiley-heart kim-alexis kimber-blake kimberly-carson kimberly-kane kimberly-kyle kim-de-place kim-holland kimi-gee kimkim-de kim-kitaine kimmie-lee kimmy-nipples kina-kara kira-eggers kira-red kirsty-waay kitty-langdon kitty-lynxxx kitty-marie kitty-shayne kitty-yung kora-cummings kris-lara krista-lane krista-maze kristara-barrington kristarah-knight kristi-klenot kristina-blonde kristina-king kristina-klevits kristina-soderszk kristine-heller kristin-steen krisztina-ventura krystal-de-boor krystal-steal kylee-karr kylee-nash kylie-brooks kylie-channel kylie-haze kylie-wylde kym-wilde kyoto-sun lachelle-marie lacy-rose lady-amanda-wyldefyre lady-stephanie laetitia-bisset lana-burner lana-cox lana-wood lara-amour lara-roxx lara-stevens lataya-roxx latoya laura-clair laura-lazare laura-lion laura-may laura-orsolya laura-paouck laura-zanzibar lauren-black laurence-boutin lauren-montgomery laurien-dominique laurien-wilde laurie-smith lauryl-canyon lauryn-may leah-wilde lea-magic lea-martini leanna-foxxx lee-caroll leigh-livingston leilani lenora-bruce leslie-winston lesllie-bovee letizia-bruni lexi-lane lexi-matthews lezley-zen lia-fire liliane-gray liliane-lemieuvre lili-marlene lily-gilder lily-labeau lily-rodgers lily-valentine linda-shaw linda-vale linda-wong linnea-quigley lisa-bright lisa-de-leeuw lisa-k-loring lisa-lake lisa-melendez lisa-sue-corey lise-pinson little-oral-annie liza-dwyer liza-harper lizzy-borden logan-labrent lois-ayres lola-cait long-jean-silver loni-bunny loni-sanders loona-luxx lorelei-lee lorelei-rand lorena-sanchez lori-alexia lori-blue lorrie-lovett luci-diamond lucie-doll lucie-theodorova lucy-van-dam lydia-baum lynn-franciss lynn-lemay lynn-ray lynn-stevens lynx-canon lysa-thatcher madelina-ray madison-parker magdalena-lynn maggie-randall mai-lin mandi-wine mandy-bright mandy-malone mandy-may mandy-mistery mandy-starr marcia-minor maren margit-ojetz margitta-hofer margo-stevens margot-mahler mariah-cherry marianne-aubert maria-tortuga marie-anne marie-christine-chireix marie-christine-veroda marie-claude-moreau marie-dominique-cabannes marie-france-morel marie-luise-lusewitz marie-sharp marilyn-chambers marilyne-leroy marilyn-gee marilyn-jess marilyn-martyn marilyn-star marina-hedman marion-webb marita-ekberg marita-kemper marlena marlene-willoughby marry-queen martine-grimaud martine-schultz maryanne-fisher mary-hubay mary-ramunno mary-stuart mascha-mouton maud-kennedy mauvais-denoir maxine-tyler maya-black maya-france megan-leigh megan-martinez megan-reece mei-ling melanie-hotlips melanie-scott melba-cruz melinda-russell melissa-bonsardo melissa-del-prado melissa-golden melissa-martinez melissa-melendez melissa-monet mercedes-dragon mercedes-lynn merle-michaels mesha-lynn mia-beck mia-lina mia-smiles michele-raven michelle-aston michelle-ferrari michelle-greco michelle-maren michelle-maylene michelle-monroe micki-lynn mika-barthel mika-tan mikki-taylor mimi-morgan mindy-rae ming-toy miranda-stevens miss-bunny miss-meadow miss-pomodoro missy missy-graham missy-stone missy-vega misti-jane mistress-candice misty-anderson misty-dawn misty-rain misty-regan mona-lisa mona-page moni monica-baal monica-swinn monika-peta monika-sandmayr monika-unco monique-bruno monique-cardin monique-charell monique-demoan monique-gabrielle monique-la-belle morgan-fairlane morrigan-hel moxxie-maddron mulani-rivera mysti-may nadege-arnaud nadia-styles nadine-bronx nadine-proutnal nadine-roussial nadi-phuket nanci-suiter nancy-hoffman nancy-vee natacha-delyro natalia-wood natalli-diangelo natascha-throat natasha-skyler naudia-nyce nessa-devil nessy-grant nesty nicki-hunter nicky-reed nicole-berg nicole-bernard nicole-black nicole-grey nicole-london nicole-parks nicole-scott nicole-taylor nicolette-fauludi nicole-west nika-blond nika-mamic niki-cole nikita-love nikita-rush nikki-charm nikki-grand nikki-king nikki-knight nikki-randall nikki-rhodes nikki-santana nikki-steele nikki-wilde niko nina-cherry nina-deponca nina-hartley nina-preta oana-efria obaya-roberts olesja-derevko olga-cabaeva olga-conti olga-pechova olga-petrova olivia-alize olivia-del-rio olivia-flores olivia-la-roche olivia-outre ophelia-tozzi orchidea-keresztes orsolya-blonde paige-turner paisley-hunter pamela-bocchi pamela-jennings pamela-mann pamela-stanford pamela-stealt pandora paola-albini pascale-vital pat-manning pat-rhea patricia-dale patricia-diamond patricia-kennedy patricia-rhomberg patrizia-predan patti-cakes patti-petite paula-brasile paula-harlow paula-morton paula-price paula-winters pauline-teutscher penelope-pumpkins penelope-valentin petra-hermanova petra-lamas peyton-lafferty phaedra-grant pia-snow piper-fawn pipi-anderson porsche-lynn porsha-carrera precious-silver priscillia-lenn purple-passion queeny-love rachel-ashley rachel-love rachel-luv rachel-roxxx rachel-ryan rachel-ryder racquel-darrian rane-revere raven reagan-maddux rebecca-bardoux regan-anthony regine-bardot regula-mertens reina-leone reka-gabor renae-cruz renee-foxx renee-lovins renee-morgan renee-perez renee-summers renee-tiffany rhonda-jo-petty rikki-blake riley-ray rio-mariah rita-ricardo roberta-gemma roberta-pedon robin-byrd robin-cannes robin-everett robin-sane rochell-starr rosa-lee-kimball rosemarie roxanne-blaze roxanne-hall roxanne-rollan ruby-richards sabina-k sabre sabrina-chimaera sabrina-dawn sabrina-jade sabrina-johnson sabrina-love-cox sabrina-mastrolorenzi sabrina-rose sabrina-scott sabrina-summers sacha-davril sahara sahara-sands sai-tai-tiger samantha-fox samantha-ryan samantha-sterlyng samantha-strong samueline-de-la-rosa sandra-cardinale sandra-de-marco sandra-kalermen sandra-russo sandy-lee sandy-pinney sandy-reed sandy-samuel sandy-style sandy-summers sara-brandy-canyon sara-faye sarah-bernard sarah-cabrera sarah-hevyn sarah-mills sarah-shine sara-sloane sasha sasha-hollander sasha-ligaya sasha-rose satine-phoenix satin-summer savannah-stern savanna-jane scarlet-scarleau scarlet-windsor seka selena serena serena-south severine-amoux shana-evans shanna-mccullough shannon-kelly shannon-rush shantell-day sharon-da-vale sharon-kane sharon-mitchell shaun-michelle shawna-sexton shawnee-cates shay-hendrix shayne-ryder sheena-horne sheer-delight shelby-star shelby-stevens shelly-berlin shelly-lyons sheri-st-clair sheyla-cats shonna-lynn shyla-foxxx shy-love sierra-sinn sierra-skye sigrun-theil silver-starr silvia-bella silvia-saint silvie-de-lux silvy-taylor simone-west sindee-coxx sindy-lange sindy-shy siobhan-hunter skylar-knight skylar-price skyler-dupree smokie-flame smoking-mary-jane solange-shannon sonya-summers sophia-santi sophie-call sophie-duflot sophie-evans sophie-guers stacey-donovan stacy-lords stacy-moran stacy-nichols stacy-silver stacy-thorn starla-fox starr-wood stefania-bruni stella-virgin stephanie-duvalle stephanie-rage stephanie-renee stevie-taylor summer-knight summer-rose sunny-day sunset-thomas sunshine-seiber susan-hart susanne-brend susan-nero susi-hotkiss suzanne-mcbain suzan-nielsen suzie-bartlett suzie-carina suzi-sparks sweet-nice sweety-pie sybille-rossani sylvia-benedict sylvia-bourdon sylvia-brand sylvia-engelmann syreeta-taylor syren-de-mer syvette szabina-black szilvia-lauren tai-ellis taija-rae taisa-banx talia-james tamara-lee tamara-longley tamara-n-joy tamara-west tami-white tammy tammy-lee tammy-reynolds tania-lorenzo tantala-ray tanya-danielle tanya-fox tanya-foxx tanya-lawson tanya-valis tara-aire tasha-voux tatjana-belousova tatjana-skomorokhova tawnee-lee tawny-pearl tayla-rox taylor-wane teddi-austin teddi-barrett tera-bond tera-heart tera-joy teresa-may teresa-orlowski teri-diver teri-weigel terri-dolan terri-hall tess-ferre tess-newheart thais-vieira tia-cherry tianna tiara tiffany-blake tiffany-clark tiffany-duponte tiffany-rayne tiffany-rousso tiffany-storm tiffany-towers tiffany-tyler tiger-lily tigr timea-vagvoelgyi tina-blair tina-burner tina-evil tina-gabriel tina-loren tina-marie tina-russell tish-ambrose tommi-rose tonisha-mills topsy-curvey tori-secrets tori-sinclair tori-welles tracey-adams traci-lords traci-topps traci-winn tracy-duzit tracy-love tracy-williams tricia-devereaux tricia-yen trinity-loren trisha-rey trista-post trixie-tyler ultramax ursula-gaussmann ursula-moore uschi-karnat valentina valerie-leveau valery-hilton vanessa-chase vanessa-del-rio vanessa-michaels vanessa-ozdanic vanilla-deville velvet-summers veri-knotty veronica-dol veronica-hart veronica-hill veronica-rayne veronica-sage veronika-vanoza via-paxton vicky-lindsay vicky-vicci victoria-evans victoria-gold victoria-knight victoria-luna victoria-paris victoria-slick victoria-zdrok viper virginie-caprice vivian-valentine vivien-martines wendi-white wendy-divine whitney-banks whitney-fears whitney-wonders wonder-tracey wow-nikki xanthia-berstein yasmine-fitzgerald yelena-shieffer yvonne-green zara-whites zsanett-egerhazi zuzie-boobies

survive in parts of early Israelite society as some early passages of the Bible appear to portray certain wives as each owning a tent as a personal possession specifically Jael Sarah and Jacob s wives The husband too is indirectly implied to have some responsibilities to his wife The Covenant Code orders "If he take him another her food her clothing and her duty of marriage shall he not diminish or lessen " If the husband does not provide the first wife with these things she is to be divorced without cost to her The Talmud interprets this as a requirement for a man to provide food and clothing to and have sex with each of his wives clarification needed However "duty of marriage" is also interpreted as whatever one does as a married couple which is more than just sexual activity And the term diminish which means to lessen shows the man must treat her as if he was not married to another As a polygynous society the Israelites did not have any laws which imposed marital fidelity on men However the prophet Malachi states that none should be faithless to the wife of his youth and that God hates divorce Adulterous married women adulterous betrothed women and the men who slept with them however were subject to the death penalty by the biblical laws against adultery According to the Priestly Code of the Book of Numbers if a pregnant woman was suspected of adultery she was to be subjected to the Ordeal of Bitter Water a form of trial by ordeal but one that took a miracle to convict The literary prophets indicate that adultery was a frequent occurrence despite their strong protests against it and these legal strictnesses In Ancient Greece no specific civil ceremony was required for the creation of a marriage – only mutual agreement and the fact that the couple must regard each other as husband and wife accordingly citation needed Men usually married when they were in their s citation needed and women in their teens It has been suggested that these ages made sense for the Greeks because men were generally done with military service or financially established by their late s and marrying a young girl ensured ample time for her to bear children as life expectancies were significantly lower during this period citation needed Married Greek women had few rights in ancient Greek society and were expected to take care of the house and children citation needed Time was an important factor in Greek marriage For example there were superstitions that being married during a full moon was good luck and according to Robert Flacelière Greeks married in the winter citation needed Inheritance was more important than feelings a woman whose father dies without male heirs could be forced to marry her nearest male relative – even if she had to divorce her husband first There were several types of marriages in ancient Roman society The traditional "conventional" form called conventio in manum required a ceremony with witnesses and was also dissolved with a ceremony In this type of marriage a woman lost her family rights of inheritance of her old family and gained them with her new one She now was subject to the authority of her husband citation needed There was the free marriage known as sine manu In this arrangement the wife remained a member of her original family she stayed under the authority of her father kept her family rights of inheritance with her old family and did not gain any with the new family The minimum age of marriage for girls was Among ancient Germanic tribes the bride and groom were roughly the same age and generally older than their Roman counterparts according to Tacitus The youths partake late of the pleasures of love and hence pass the age of puberty unexhausted nor are the virgins hurried into marriage the same maturity the same full growth is required the sexes unite equally matched and robust and the children inherit the vigor of their parents Where Aristotle had set the prime of life at years for men and for women the Visigothic Code of law in the th century placed the prime of life at twenty years for both men and women after which both presumably married Tacitus states that ancient Germanic brides were on average about and were roughly the same age as their husbands EuropeFurther information Royal intermarriage Woodcut How Reymont and Melusina were betrothed And by the bishop were blessed in their bed on their wedlock From the Melusine th century From the early Christian era to CE marriage was thought of as primarily a private matter with no uniform religious or other ceremony being required However bishop Ignatius of Antioch writing around to bishop Polycarp of Smyrna exhorts " I t becomes both men and women who marry to form their union with the approval of the bishop that their marriage may be according to God and not after their own lust " In the th century where women were obligated to take the name of their husbands and starting in the second half of the th century where parental consent along with the church s consent was required for marriage With few local exceptions until Christian marriages in Europe were by mutual consent declaration of intention to marry and upon the subsequent physical union of the parties The couple would promise verbally to each other that they would be married to each other the presence of a priest or witnesses was not required This promise was known as the "verbum " If freely given and made in the present tense e g "I marry you" it was unquestionably binding if made in the future tense "I will marry you" it would constitute a betrothal In a wedding took place in Zufia Navarre between Diego de Zufia and Mari Miguel following the custom as it was in the realm since the Middle Ages but the man denounced the marriage on the grounds that its validity was conditioned to "riding" her "si te cabalgo lo cual dixo de bascuence balvin yo baneça aren senar içateko" The tribunal of the kingdom rejected the husband s claim validating the wedding but the husband appealed to the tribunal in Zaragoza and this institution annulled the marriage According to the Charter of Navarre the basic union consisted of a civil marriage with no priest required and at least two witnesses and the contract could be broken using the same formula citation needed The Church in turn lashed out at those who got married twice or thrice in a row while their formers spouses were still alive In the Council of Trent twenty fourth session required that a valid marriage must be performed by a priest before two witnesses One of the functions of churches from the Middle Ages was to register marriages which was not obligatory There was no state involvement in marriage and personal status with these issues being adjudicated in ecclesiastical courts During the Middle Ages marriages were arranged sometimes as early as birth and these early pledges to marry were often used to ensure treaties between different royal families nobles and heirs of fiefdoms The church resisted these imposed unions and increased the number of causes for nullification of these arrangements As Christianity spread during the Roman period and the Middle Ages the idea of free choice in selecting marriage partners increased and spread with it In Medieval Western Europe later marriage and higher rates of definitive celibacy the so called "European marriage pattern" helped to constrain patriarchy at its most extreme level For example Medieval England saw marriage age as variable depending on economic circumstances with couples delaying marriage until the early twenties when times were bad and falling to the late teens after the Black Death when there were labor shortages by appearances marriage of adolescents was not the norm in England Where the strong influence of classical Celtic and Germanic cultures which were not rigidly patriarchal helped to offset the Judaeo Roman patriarchal influence in Eastern Europe the tradition of early and universal marriage often in early adolescence as well as traditional Slavic patrilocal custom led to a greatly inferior status of women at all levels of society citation needed The average age of marriage for most of Northwestern Europe from to was around years of age as the Church dictated that both parties had to be at least years of age to marry without the consent of their parents the bride and groom were roughly the same age with most brides in their early twenties and most grooms two or three years older and a substantial number of women married for the first time in their thirties and forties particularly in urban areas with the average age at first marriage rising and falling as circumstances dictated In better times more people could afford to marry earlier and thus fertility rose and conversely marriages were delayed or foregone when times were bad thus restricting family size after the Black Death the greater availability of profitable jobs allowed more people to marry young and have more children but the stabilization of the population in the th century meant less job opportunities and thus more people delaying marriages This is a list of people who remarried each other usually after divorcing To qualify at least one member of each marital pair must be considered notable enough to have their own Wikipedia page Of particular note are Kid McCoy American prize fighter who married and divorced ten times but only from eight women since three of those marriages were to the same spouse Julia Woodruff Richard Pryor American comedian and actor who was twice divorced from both Jennifer Lee and Flynn Belaine Joyce Mathews American actress who was twice divorced from both Milton Berle and Billy Rose Name Notability Spouse st marriage st divorce nd marriage nd divorce Notes Pamela Anderson American actress Rick Salomon Milton Berle American actor entertainer Joyce Mathews Mathews later twice married and divorced Billy Rose Fred Berry American actor dancer Franchesska Berry Berry had other marriages Birabongse Bhanudej Thai Prince Olympic sailor and Formula racing driver Ceril Heycock He had other wives between these two marriages Robert Bolt English playwright screenwriter Sarah Miles After their divorce but before remarrying they had their only child together his fourth Richard Burton Welsh actor Elizabeth Taylor Burton had other marriages Taylor others Alan Campbell American actor screenwriter see Dorothy Parker Jack Carter American comedian Roxanne Wander Oleg Cassini American fashion designer Gene Tierney Rosemary Clooney American singer actress José Ferrer Clooney had other marriage Ferrer others Joseph Stephen Crane American actor restaurateur see Lana Turner Rodney Dangerfield American comedian Joyce Indig Colleen Dewhurst Canadian actress George C Scott Rachel Donelson Wife of future US president see Andrew Jackson Eminem American rapper actor Kim Scott James T Farrell American writer Dorothy Butler They separated again in but remained married until his death In between these marriages to Butler he married and divorced another wife José Ferrer American actor see Rosemary Clooney Emma Goldman Russian American political activist Jacob Kershner She divorced Kershner after discovering on their wedding night that he was impotent she nevertheless agreed to remarry him Pancho Gonzales American tennis player Madelyn Darrow He married and divorced times and had children Elliott Gould American actor Jenny Bogart Gould s earlier marriage was to Barbra Streisand Carol Grace American actress writer William Saroyan She later married Walter Matthau Melanie Griffith American actress Don Johnson Derryn Hinch New Zealand Australian talk show host see Jacki Weaver Benny Hinn American evangelist Suzanne Harthern Paul Hogan Australian comedian actor Noeline Edwards After divorcing the first time they continued to reside under the same roof Terrence Howard American actor singer Lori McCommas Andrew Jackson President of the USA Rachel Donelson Robards They married in believing her divorce from her first husband Captain Lewis Robards was final When it was revealed this was not the case and that their marriage was null and void they married again in She died before he became President Don Johnson American actor see Melanie Griffith Frida Kahlo Mexican artist Diego Rivera Larry King American television radio host Alene Adkins Estée Lauder American cosmetician Joseph Lauter Joseph Lauter later changed his surname to Lauder Stan Laurel English actor Virginia Rogers Alicia Lopez Harrison de Lardé Salvadoran American mental health care advocate see John Forbes Nash Jr Joyce Mathews American actress see Milton Berle and Billy Rose Gavin MacLeod American actor Patti Kendig Kid McCoy American pugilist actor Julia Woodruff They married and divorced a third time McCoy was married times to women Woodruff was his rd th and th wife Carson McCullers American novelist Reeves McCullers Reeves suicided in after failing to persuade Carson to join him in a suicide pact Carson had attempted suicide in Sarah Miles English actress see Robert Bolt John Forbes Nash Jr American mathematician Alicia Lopez Harrison de Lardé They both died in a car accident in Ne Win Burmese politician and military commander Ni Ni Myint She was the th and th of his wives Marie Osmond American singer actress Steve Craig Dorothy Parker American writer humorist Alan Campbell Gladys Portugues American body builder actress see Jean Claude Van Damme Richard Pryor American comedian actor Jennifer Lee Flynn Belaine Esther Rahim Pakistani painter Jalaludin Abdur Rahim Jalaludin Abdur Rahim Pakistani politician see Esther Rahim Diego Rivera Mexican sculptor see Frida Kahlo Rachel Donelson Robards Wife of future US president see Andrew Jackson Billy Rose American impresario producer lyricist Joyce Mathews Mathews had earlier twice married and divorced Milton Berle Rose divorced three other women including Fanny Brice and Eleanor Holm Rick Salomon American poker player see Pamela Anderson William Saroyan American playwright novelist see Carol Grace Natalie Wood born Natalie Zacharenko July – November was an American film and television actress best known for her screen roles in Miracle on th Street Splendor in the Grass Rebel Without a Cause The Searchers and West Side Story She first worked in films as a child then became a successful Hollywood star as a young adult receiving three Academy Award nominations before she was years old Wood began acting in movies at the age of four and at age eight was given a co starring role with Maureen O Hara in the classic Christmas film Miracle on th Street As a teenager her performance in Rebel Without a Cause earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress She starred in the musical films West Side Story and Gypsy and received Academy Award for Best Actress nominations for her performances in Splendor in the Grass and Love with the Proper Stranger Her career continued with films such as Bob Carol Ted Alice After this she took a break from acting and had two children appearing in only two theatrical films during the s She was married to actor Robert Wagner twice and to producer Richard Gregson She had one daughter by each husband Natasha Gregson Wagner and Courtney Wagner Her younger sister Lana Wood is also an actress Wood starred in several television productions including a remake of the film From Here to Eternity for which she won a Golden Globe Award During her career from child actress to adult star her films represented a "coming of age" for both her and Hollywood films in general Contents Early years Child actress Teen stardom Adult career Personal life Death Tribute Filmography Box office ranking Other awards See also References Bibliography External links Early years edit Wood was born Natalie Zakharenko in San Francisco to Russian immigrant parents Maria Stepanovna née Zudilova – and Nikolai Stepanovich Zacharenko As an adult she stated "I m very Russian you know " She spoke both English and Russian with an American accent Her father was born in Vladivostok and he his mother and two brothers immigrated to Montreal Quebec and later to San Francisco There he worked as a day laborer and carpenter Her paternal grandfather Stepan worked in a chocolate factory in Russia and was killed in street fighting between Red and White Russian soldiers in Natalie s mother originally came from Barnaul southern Siberia but grew up in the Chinese city of Harbin She described her family by weaving mysterious tales of being either gypsies or landowning aristocrats In her youth her mother dreamed of becoming an actress or ballet dancer She was raised as a Russian Orthodox Christian and remained in the church citation needed Biographer Warren Harris writes that under the family s "needy circumstances" her mother may have transferred those ambitions to her middle daughter Natalie Her mother would take Natalie to the movies as often as she could "Natalie s only professional training was watching Hollywood child stars from her mother s lap " notes Harris Wood would later recall this time My mother used to tell me that the cameraman who pointed his lens out at the audience at the end of the Paramount newsreel was taking my picture I d pose and smile like he was going to make me famous or something I believed everything my mother told me Shortly after Wood s birth in San Francisco her family moved to nearby Sonoma County and lived in Santa Rosa California where Wood was noticed during a film shoot in downtown Santa Rosa Her mother soon moved the family to Los Angeles and pursued a career for her daughter Wood s younger sister Svetlana Gurdin the family had changed their surname — now known as Lana Wood — also became an actress and later a Bond girl She and Lana have an older half sister Olga Viripaeff Though Natalie had been born "Natalia Zacharenko" her father later changed the family name to "Gurdin" and Natalie was often known as "Natasha" the diminutive of Natalia The studio executives at RKO Radio Pictures David Lewis and William Goetz later changed her name to "Natalie Wood" Child actress edit Wood made her film début a few weeks before turning five during a fifteen second scene in the film Happy Land Despite the brief part she attracted the notice of the director Irving Pichel who remained in contact with Wood s family for two years when another role came up The director telephoned Wood s mother and asked her to bring her daughter to Los Angeles for a screen test Wood s mother became so excited at the possibilities she overreacted and "packed the whole family off to Los Angeles to live " writes Harris Wood s father opposed the idea but his wife s "overpowering ambition to make Natalie a star" took priority According to Wood s sister Lana Wood Pichel "discovered her and wanted to adopt her " Wood then seven years old got the part and played a German orphan opposite Orson Welles and Claudette Colbert in Tomorrow Is Forever Welles later said that Wood was a born professional "so good she was terrifying " After Wood acted in another film directed by Pichel her mother signed her up with th Century Fox studio for her first major role the Christmas classic Miracle on th Street the film made her one of the top child stars in Hollywood Within a few months after the film s release Wood was so popular that Macy s invited her to appear in the store s annual Thanksgiving Day parade Film historian John C Tibbetts writes that for the next few years following her success in Miracle Wood played roles as a daughter in a series of family films Fred MacMurray s daughter in Father Was a Fullback and Dear Brat Margaret Sullavan s daughter in No Sad Songs for Me James Stewart s daughter in The Jackpot Joan Blondell s neglected daughter in The Blue Veil and the daughter of Bette Davis character in The Star In all Wood appeared in over films as a child Because she was a minor Wood s formal education took place on the studio lots wherever she was contracted California law required that until age actors had to spend at least three hours per day in the classroom notes Harris "She was a straight A student" and one of the few child actors to excel at arithmetic Director Joseph L Mankiewicz who directed her in The Ghost and Mrs Muir said that "In all my years in the business I never met a smarter moppet " Wood remembered that period in her life saying "I always felt guilty when I knew the crew was sitting around waiting for me to finish my three hours As soon as the teacher let us go I ran to the set as fast as I could" As a child actress Wood received media attention By age nine she had been named the "most exciting juvenile motion picture star of the year" by Parents At age twelve Wood was judged Child Star of the Year by the Children s Day National Council of New York citation needed Teen stardom edit In the – television season Wood played Ann Morrison the teenage daughter in the ABC situation comedy The Pride of the Family She successfully made the transition from child star to ingenue at age when she co starred with James Dean and Sal Mineo in Rebel Without a Cause Nicholas Ray s film about teenage rebellion She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress She followed this with a small but crucial role in John Ford s The Searchers Wood graduated from Van Nuys High School in Signed to Warner Brothers Wood was kept busy during the remainder of the decade in many girlfriend roles that she found unsatisfying The studio cast her in two films opposite Tab Hunter hoping to turn the duo into a box office draw that never materialized Among the other films made at this time were s Kings Go Forth and Marjorie Morningstar As Marjorie Morningstar Wood played the role of a young Jewish girl in New York City who has to deal with the social and religious expectations of her family as she tries to forge her own path and separate identity She also had detractors Film critic Pauline Kael referred to her as "clever little Natalie Wood the most machine tooled of Hollywood ingenues " Adult career edit Wood in Splendor in the Grass Wood s characters in Rebel Without a Cause The Searchers a classic western directed by John Ford and Marjorie Morningstar began to show her range of acting style widening considerably observes Tibbetts Her former "childlike sweetness" was now being combined with a noticeable "restlessness that was characteristic of the youth of the s " After Wood appeared in the box office flop All the Fine Young Cannibals her career was salvaged by her casting in director Elia Kazan s Splendor in the Grass opposite Warren Beatty which earned Wood Best Actress Nominations at the Academy Awards Golden Globes and BAFTA Awards citation needed Wood s career was in a transition period having until then consisted of roles as a child or as a teenager She was now hoping to be cast in adult roles Biographer Suzanne Finstad notes that a "turning point" in her life as an actress took place upon seeing the film A Streetcar Named Desire "She was transformed in awe of director Elia Kazan and of Vivien Leigh s performance who became a role model for Natalie " "Her roles raised the possibility that one s sensitivity could mark a person as a kind of victim " noted Tibbetts In after a "series of bad films her career was already in decline" notes Rathgeb Kazan himself writes that the "sages" of the film community declared her "washed up" as an actress although he still wanted to interview her for his next film When I saw her I detected behind the well mannered young wife front a desperate twinkle in her eyes I talked with her more quietly then and more personally I wanted to find out what human material was there what her inner life was Then she told me she was being psychoanalyzed That did it Poor R J I said to myself I liked Bob Wagner I still do Kazan cast Wood as the female lead in Splendor in the Grass and her career rebounded He felt that despite her earlier innocent roles she had the talent and maturity to go beyond them In the film Warren Beatty s character was deprived of sexual love with Natalie s character and as a result turns to another "looser" girl Natalie s character likewise couldn t handle the issue but ended up in a mental institution Kazan writes that he cast her in the role partly because he saw in Wood s personality a "true blue quality with a wanton side that is held down by social pressure " adding that "she clings to things with her eyes " a quality he found especially "appealing " Finstad feels that despite Wood s never receiving training in Method acting techniques "working with Kazan brought her to the greatest emotional heights of her career The experience was exhilarating but wrenching for Natalie who faced her demons on Splendor " She adds that a scene in the film as a result of "Kazan s wizardry produced a hysteria in Natalie that may be her most powerful moment as an actress " Actor Gary Lockwood who also acted in the film felt that "Kazan and Natalie were a terrific marriage because you had this beautiful girl and you had somebody that could get things out of her " Kazan s favorite scene in the movie was the last one when Wood goes back to see her lost first love Bud Beatty "It s terribly touching to me I still like it when I see it " writes Kazan In Wood played Maria in the Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise musical West Side Story which was a major box office and critical success Tibbetts notes similarities in her role in this film and the earlier Rebel Without a Cause Here she also plays the role of a restless adolescent reflecting the "restlessness of American youth in the s" expressed by youth gangs and juvenile delinquency along with early rock roll Both films he observes were "modern allegories based on the Romeo and Juliet theme including private restlessness and public alienation Where in Rebel she falls in love with the character played by James Dean whose gang like friends and violent temper alienated him from his family in West Side Story she also enters into a romance with a gang member and his threatening world of outcasts also alienated from their families and the law With Peter Falk in Penelope Although the singing parts were sung by Marni Nixon West Side Story is still regarded as one of Wood s best films Wood did sing when she starred in the film Gypsy She co starred in the slapstick comedy The Great Race with Jack Lemmon Tony Curtis and Peter Falk Her ability to speak Russian was an asset given to her character Maggie DuBois justifying the character s recording the progress of the race across Siberia and entering the race at the beginning as a contestant In Wood was nominated for her third Academy Award nomination for Love with the Proper Stranger making Wood at the time the youngest actress to ever net three Oscar nominations Wood held the record for exactly years until year old Jennifer Lawrence received her third nomination in Although many of Wood s films were commercially profitable her acting was criticized at times In she won the Harvard Lampoon Worst Actress of the Year Award She was the first performer in the award s history to accept it in person and the The Harvard Crimson wrote she was "quite a good sport" Director Sydney Pollack was quoted as saying about Wood "When she was right for the part there was no one better She was a damn good actress " Other notable films starring Wood were Inside Daisy Clover and This Property Is Condemned both of which co starred Robert Redford and brought subsequent Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress In both films which were set during the Great Depression Wood played small town teens with big dreams After the release of the films Wood suffered emotionally and sought professional therapy During this time she turned down the Faye Dunaway role in Bonnie and Clyde because she did not want to be separated from her analyst After three years away from acting Wood co starred in the hit Bob Carol Ted Alice a comedy about sexual liberation According to Tibbets this was the first film in which "the saving leavening of humor was brought to bear upon the many painful dilemmas portrayed in her adult films" Wood in After becoming pregnant with her first child Natasha Gregson in Wood went into semi retirement and acted in only four more theatrical films during the remainder of her life She made a very brief cameo appearance as herself in The Candidate reuniting her for a third time with Robert Redford She also reunited on the screen with Robert Wagner in the television movie of the week The Affair and with Laurence Olivier and husband Wagner in an adaptation of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof broadcast as a special by NBC She made cameo appearances on Wagner s prime time detective series Switch in as "Bubble Bath Girl" and Hart to Hart in as "Movie Star" During the last two years of her life Wood began to work more frequently as her daughters reached school age citation needed Film roles Wood turned down during her career hiatus went to Ali MacGraw in Goodbye Columbus Mia Farrow in The Great Gatsby and Faye Dunaway in The Towering Inferno Later Wood chose to star in misfires like the disaster film Meteor with Sean Connery and the sex comedy The Last Married Couple in America although her performance in the latter was praised and considered reminiscent of her performance in Bob Carol Ted Alice It was also in Last Married Couple that Wood broke ground by being an actress with a clean middle class image yet using the "F" word in a frank marital discussion with her husband George Segal She found more success in television receiving high ratings and critical acclaim in for The Cracker Factory and especially the miniseries film Here to Eternity with Kim Basinger and William Devane Wood s performance in the latter won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Later that year she starred in The Memory of Eva Ryker which proved to be her last completed production At the time of her death Wood was filming the science fiction film Brainstorm co starring Christopher Walken and directed by Douglas Trumbull She was also scheduled to star in a theatrical production of Anastasia with Wendy Hiller and in a film called Country of the Heart playing a terminally ill writer who has an affair with a teenager to be played by Timothy Hutton Due to her untimely death both of the latter projects were canceled and the ending of Brainstorm had to be re written A stand in and sound alikes were used to replace Wood for some of her critical scenes The film was released posthumously on September and was dedicated to her in the closing credits Wood appeared in films for cinema and television Following her death Time magazine noted that although critical praise for Wood had been sparse throughout her career "she always had work" Personal life edit Wood s two marriages to actor Robert Wagner were highly publicized Wood said that she had had a crush on Wagner since she was a child and on her th birthday she went on a studio arranged date with the year old actor They married a year later on December a marriage that met with great protest from Wood s mother In an article in February Wagner recalled their early romance I saw Natalie around town but she never seemed interested She was making Rebel Without a Cause and hanging out with James Dean I was with an older crowd The first time I remember really talking to her was at a fashion show in She was beautiful but still gave no hint about the mad crush she had on me I later found out she had signed with my agent simply because he was my agent A month later I invited Natalie to a premiere on what turned out to be her th birthday At dinner we both sensed things were different I sent her flowers and the dates continued I remember the instant I fell in love with her One night on board a small boat I owned she looked at me with love her dark brown eyes lit by a table lantern That moment changed my life Wood and Wagner separated in June and divorced in April Wood with husband Robert Wagner in On May Wood married British producer Richard Gregson The couple dated for two and a half years prior to their marriage while Gregson waited for his divorce to be finalized In they had a daughter Natasha They separated in August after Wood overheard an inappropriate telephone conversation between her secretary and Gregson The split also marked a brief estrangement between Wood and her family when mother Maria and sister Lana told her to reconcile with Gregson for the sake of her newborn child She filed for divorce and it was finalized in April citation needed In early Wood resumed her relationship with Wagner The couple remarried on July just five months after reconciling and only three months after she divorced Gregson Their daughter Courtney Wagner was born in Wood s sister Lana Wood recalls this period Her marriage was considered to be one of the best in Hollywood and there is no question that she was a devoted loving—even adoring—mother and stepmother She and R J had begun with love and built from there They had overcome each other s problems and had reached an accommodation with time and the changes time brings As with anybody else who has settled into making a long marriage work they were far more determined than most people to make it work They remained married until Wood s death seven years later on November Death edit During the making of her last film Brainstorm Wood drowned while on a weekend boat trip to Santa Catalina Island California with her husband Robert Wagner Brainstorm co star Christopher Walken and the boat s captain Dennis Davern Many facts surrounding her drowning are unknown because no one admitted seeing how she entered the water Wood s body was discovered by authorities at a m on November one mile away from the boat with a small inflatable dinghy found beached nearby According to

Wagner when he went to bed Wood was not there The autopsy report revealed that Wood had bruises on her body and arms as well as an abrasion on her left cheek Natalie Wood s Star on the Hollywood Walk of FameLater in his book Pieces of My Heart Wagner acknowledged that he had a fight with Wood before she disappeared The autopsy also found that Wood s blood alcohol level was and there were traces of two types of medication in her bloodstream a motion sickness pill and a painkiller which increase the effects of alcohol Following his investigation Los Angeles County coroner Thomas Noguchi ruled her death an accident by drowning and hypothermia According to the coroner Wood had been drinking and may have slipped while trying to re board the dinghy Wood was buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery Scores of representatives of international media photographers and members of the public tried to attend Wood s funeral however all were required to remain outside the cemetery walls Among the celebrity attendees were Frank Sinatra Elizabeth Taylor Fred Astaire Rock Hudson David Niven Gregory Peck Gene Kelly Elia Kazan and Laurence Olivier Olivier flew from London to Los Angeles to attend the service Grave of Natalie Wood at Westwood Memorial ParkThe case was reopened in November after the captain of the boat Dennis Davern publicly stated that he had lied to police during the initial investigation and that Wood and Wagner had had a fight that evening and alleged that Wagner was responsible for her death After nine months of further investigation Los Angeles County Chief Medical Examiner Dr Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran amended Wood s death certificate and changed the cause of her death from accidental drowning to "drowning and other undetermined factors " The amended document includes a statement that the circumstances of how Wood ended up in the water are "not clearly established" The coroner s office has been instructed by detectives not to discuss or comment on the case On January the Los Angeles County coroner s office offered a page addendum to Wood s autopsy report stating that some of the bruises on her body may have been sustained before she went into the water and drowned but that could not be definitively determined Douglas Trumbull director of Brainstorm quit directing after Wood s death in In he explained that the uncertain circumstances of her death were the main reason for this decision He has since decided to return to filmmaking Wagner has denied any involvement with Wood s death Tribute edit Several songs were written about or mention Wood including "Natalie Wood" written by Jay Alanski cover by Jil Caplan "Natalie s Song" David Pack and "Eyes Like Natalie Wood" Kathy Fleischmann In Julian Daze and the Photon Karma recorded "Natalie Wood" written by singer songwriter Brian Bell and released on the Stories of Old album In The Handsome Family wrote a haunting song "Natalie Wood" later released on their Twilight album In the band TV Girl released a song titled "Natalie Wood" A TV film titled The Mystery of Natalie Wood was directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starred Justine Waddell and Michael Weatherly Filmography edit Film Year Title Role Notes Happy Land Little girl who drops ice cream cone uncredited film debut The Bride Wore Boots Carol Warren Tomorrow Is Forever Margaret Ludwig First credited role Driftwood Jenny Hollingsworth The Ghost and Mrs Muir Anna Muir as a child Miracle on th Street Susan Walker First starring role Scudda Hoo Scudda Hay Bean McGill Father Was a Fullback Ellen Cooper The Green Promise Susan Anastasia Matthews Chicken Every Sunday Ruth Hefferan Never a Dull Moment Nancy Nan Howard The Jackpot Phyllis Lawrence Our Very Own Penny Macaulay No Sad Songs for Me Polly Scott The Blue Veil Stephanie Rawlins Dear Brat Pauline Jones The Star Gretchen Drew Just for You Barbara Blake The Rose Bowl Story Sally Burke The Silver Chalice Helena as a child Rebel Without a Cause Judy Nominated Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress One Desire Seely Dowder The Girl He Left Behind Susan Daniels The Burning Hills Maria Christina Colton A Cry in the Night Liz Taggert The Searchers Debbie Edwards older Bombers B Lois Brennan Kings Go Forth Monique Blair Marjorie Morningstar Marjorie Morgenstern All the Fine Young Cannibals Sarah Salome Davis Cash McCall Lory Austen West Side Story Maria Splendor in the Grass Wilma Dean Loomis Nominated Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress Nominated Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama Gypsy Louise Nominated Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Love with the Proper Stranger Angie Rossini st Runner up New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress Nominated Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama Sex and the Single Girl Helen Gurley Brown Inside Daisy Clover Daisy Clover Nominated Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Won World Film Favorite – Female The Great Race Maggie DuBois Penelope Penelope Elcott This Property Is Condemned Alva Starr Nominated Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama Bob Carol Ted Alice Carol Sanders The Candidate Herself cameo The Affair Courtney Patterson TV movie Peeper Ellen Prendergast Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Maggie TV movie From Here to Eternity Karen Holmes Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama The Cracker Factory Cassie Barrett TV movie Meteor Tatiana Nikolaevna Donskaya The Last Married Couple in America Mari Thompson The Memory of Eva Ryker Eva Claire Ryker TV movie Willie Phil Herself cameo Brainstorm Karen Brace Nominated Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress Television Year Title Role Notes Jukebox Jury as Herself Guest appearance The Pride of the Family Ann Morrison One season The Public Defender Rene Marchand One episode "Return of the Dead" Bracken s World Cameo Guest appearance Switch Girl in the Bubble Bath Guest Appearance Hart to Hart Movie Star Pilot episode as Natasha Gurdin Box office ranking edit nd most popular star in the US Quigley Poll st most popular star in the US Quigley Poll Other awards edit Year Organization Award Film Result Box Office Magazine Most Talented Young Actress of Tomorrow Is Forever Won National Association of Theatre Owners Star of Tomorrow Award Won Golden Globe Award New Star of the Year – Actress Rebel Without a Cause Won Golden Laurel Awards Top Female Dramatic Performance Marjorie Morningstar Nominated Golden Laurel Awards Top Female Star Nominated th place This list of unsolved deaths includes notable cases where victims have been murdered or have died under unsolved circumstances including murders committed by unknown serial killers The mysteriously deceased are listed chronologically by year For serial killer cases which span multiple years entries are listed under the year the first murder took place Contents Unsolved murders Before s – – – s s s s s Unsolved serial killer murders – – – – –present Suspected serial killers Other unsolved deaths Before – – – – – s Date of death disputed See also References Unsolved murders edit See also List of unsolved murders in the United Kingdom Before edit Dagobert II one of the last kings of the Merovingian line murdered by persons unknown in the Ardennes Forest on December Giovanni Borgia nd Duke of Gandia His body was recovered in the Tiber with his throat slit and about nine stab wounds on his torso His father Pope Alexander VI launched an investigation only for it to end abruptly a week later Theories range from the Orsini family to his own brothers Cesare Borgia and Gioffre Borgia having committed the crime Moctezuma II Aztec emperor According to Spanish accounts he was killed by his own people according to Aztec accounts he was murdered by the Spanish Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey found impaled on his own sword and strangled at Primrose Hill London Three men were hanged but later the witness statement was found to be perjured s edit Thomas Hindman American politician and murder victimMary Rogers also known as the "Beautiful Cigar Girl" Her body was found in the Hudson River on July The story became a national sensation and inspired Edgar Allan Poe to write "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" in Fanny de Choiseul Praslin wife of French duke Charles de Choiseul Praslin died shortly after a beating and stabbing in the family s Paris apartment on August Her husband was arrested but committed suicide during trial protesting his innocence all along No other suspect has ever been identified The scandal caused by the case helped to provoke the French Revolution of Thomas C Hindman an American politician assassinated by one or more unknown assailants on September The assassins fired through his parlor window while he was reading his newspaper with his children in Helena Arkansas United States Benjamin Nathan a financier turned philanthropist was found beaten to death in his New York City home on July Several suspects were identified including Nathan s profligate son Washington who discovered the body along with his brother None were ever indicted and the case remains unsolved Sharon Tyndale former Illinois Secretary of State was robbed and shot fatally as he walked from his house in Springfield to the train station nearby early on the morning of April No suspect was ever found Henry Weston Smith a minister was found dead on the road between his home in Crook City South Dakota and Deadwood where he was going to give a sermon on August While he was not robbed it has never been established who was responsible for his death and what their motives were George Colvocoresses Greek American naval commander and explorer died of a gunshot wound while returning to a ferryboat on June in Bridgeport Connecticut The insurance company claimed it was suicide and while it eventually settled with his family the case has never been solved Martin DeFoor an early settler of Atlanta Georgia was along with his wife the victim of an unsolved axe murder on their farm on July John Henry Blake agent for one of Ireland s more despised British landlords was shot and killed along with his driver on their way to Mass outside Loughrea on June The case received considerable attention at the time because Blake s boss Hubert de Burgh Canning nd Marquess of Clanricarde was a nobleman Although his wife survived the attack she was unable to help identify any suspects and the case remains unsolved John M Clayton American politician shot and killed instantly by an unknown assailant on the evening of January in Plumerville Arkansas after starting an investigation into the possible fraud of an election he took part in After his death he was declared the winner of the election but his assassin was never found Andrew Jackson Borden and Abby Durfee Borden father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden both killed in their family house in Fall River Massachusetts on the morning of August by blows from a hatchet In the case of Andrew Borden the hatchet blows not only crushed his skull but cleanly split his left eyeball Lizzie was later arrested and charged for the murders She was the only one in the house at the time of the killing of Mrs Borden Lizzie and the maid Bridget Sullivan were the only ones in the home when Mr Borden was killed She was acquitted by a jury in the following year of and the case remains unsolved On August a train was purposely derailed in Lincoln Nebraska killing passengers and crew Evidence at the scene showed signs of sabotage The following year a local man was convicted of second degree murder Doubts about his guilt led to his parole in due to lack of evidence no other suspects have ever been identified The Gatton murders occurred miles km from the rural Australian town of Gatton Queensland on December Siblings Michael Norah and Ellen Murphy were found deceased the morning after they left home to attend a dance in the town hall which had been cancelled The bodies were arranged with the feet pointing west and both women had their hands tied with handkerchiefs This signature aspect has never been repeated in Australian crime and to date remains a mystery – edit Sketch of the corpse of Little Lord Fauntleroy unidentified since his discovery in William Goebel an American politician who was shot and mortally wounded on the morning of January by an unknown assailant in Frankfort Kentucky one day before being sworn in as Governor of Kentucky The next day the dying Goebel was sworn in and despite the best efforts of eighteen physicians attending him died on the afternoon of February Goebel remains the only state Governor in the United States to die by assassination while in office Rose Harsent a six months pregnant maid who was stabbed to death on June in Suffolk England by an unknown assailant At the time it was alleged that the murderer was a preacher of the Primitive Methodist Chapel named William Gardiner who was having an affair with the victim Gardiner was tried twice for the murder but each time the jury failed to reach a verdict The case has been investigated in BBC One s Julian Fellowes Investigates Al Swearengen famous as the operator of the Gem Theater brothel in Deadwood South Dakota was found dead in a Denver street of a massive wound to his head on November No suspects were ever named Elsie Sigel found strangled inside a trunk in an apartment in New York City s Chinatown on June nine days after she had last been seen The resident of the apartment who had been having a love affair with her was considered the prime suspect but was never arrested Elsie Paroubek the five year old daughter of Czech immigrants Is thought to have either wandered away from her home or was kidnapped in Chicago on April Her disappearance was the subject of intense police investigation over three states with massive newspaper coverage Her body was found a month later Elsie under the name "Annie Aronburg" became one of the principal characters in Henry Darger s immense novel The Story of the Vivian Girls in the Realms of the Unreal Joseph Wilson the sixty year old stationmaster was shot dead at Lintz Green railway station in the Northeast of England on October His murder sparked one of the largest murder investigations in Northeast England One suspect in the Villisca Axe Murders which claimed eight lives in that Iowa town on the night of June – was tried twice and ultimately acquitted Other suspects have been considered but history has largely exonerated them as well Chinese journalist Huang Yuanyong was shot and killed in San Francisco on December No arrests were ever made Most theories about the responsible parties suggest that it was a political assassination since Huang had increasingly been in conflict with the government of the newly established Republic of China after initially supporting it John Bamford was considered the prime suspect in the Wonnangatta murders however his body was found early the following year The cause of death was a gunshot wound to the head Several theories have been advanced but no suspects have ever been identified In the late s Barclay s son who later worked for a mutual friend of the two who had been an early suspect made a statement suggesting he knew who the murderers were as well but declining to identify them James Colosimo gangster who led a precursor to the Chicago Outfit He was shot and killed at his café on May No one was ever charged with the killing it is believed that Al Capone then one of Colosimo s henchmen was involved Joseph Bowne Elwell a bridge player was shot and killed inside his locked house on June One clearly false confession the next year was discarded and no other suspects ever were identified The intense media interest in the case inspired the development of the locked room murder subgenre of detective fiction Italian anarchists were suspected in the Wall Street bombing of September which killed making it the deadliest terrorist act in U S history at that point Despite a number of arrests no one was ever charged One likely suspect who was never arrested fled to Italy shortly afterwards and never returned to the U S Chrissie Venn a thirteen year old girl who was murdered on or around February near the township of North Motton near Ulverstone Tasmania "Little Lord Fauntleroy" an unidentified boy who was murdered in late or early and was found on March He was killed by a blow to the head and drowning after being dropped into a quarry in Waukesha Wisconsin United States Anthony D Andrea an early Chicago Mafia boss was shot and killed while entering his apartment on May near the end of the city s aldermen s wars No one was ever charged or named as a suspect Professional golfer James Douglas Edgar whose book The Gate to Golf changed the sport considerably died shortly after he was found on an Atlanta street late at night on August with a leg wound Reports that this was the consequence of his involvement in a love triangle have never led to any suspects being identified William Desmond Taylor a popular Irish born American actor and director of silent movies Killed by a shot in the back on February inside his bungalow His murder along with other Hollywood scandals such as the Roscoe Arbuckle trial led to a frenzy of sensational and often fabricated newspaper reports and a deathbed confession of dubious veracity The Hinterkaifeck murders Hinterkaifeck a small farmstead between the Bavarian towns of Ingolstadt and Schrobenhausen approximately km north of Munich was the scene of one of the most puzzling crimes in German history On the evening of March the six inhabitants of the farm were killed with a pickaxe and the murder is still unsolved Michael Collins Commander in chief of the Irish Army Was shot by an unknown assailant at Béal na Bláth County Cork Ireland during an ambush Edward Hall and Eleanor Mills both of New Brunswick New Jersey were found dead of gunshot wounds in a field in nearby Franklin Township on September Hall an Episcopalian priest had apparently been having an extramarital affair with Mills who sang in the church choir His wife and her brothers were charged with the crime After one of the first trials to attract heavy media interest they were acquitted of all charges No other suspects were ever identified The plane crash that killed early aviator B H DeLay a pioneering stunt pilot on July in Venice California was found to have been the result of sabotage to the aircraft No one was ever formally charged or identified as a suspect Father Hubert Dahme a popular local Catholic priest was shot dead at an intersection in Bridgeport Connecticut on February A local vagrant Harold Israel was arrested and charged with the crime but at trial prosecutor Homer Stille Cummings later U S Attorney General not only dropped the case but discredited the evidence the city s police department had collected against Israel No other suspects have ever been named thirty years later a witness to the killing said it was not Israel but refused to identify the real killer out of fear for their life The Janet Smith case On July the year old Scottish nursemaid was found dead of a gunshot wound to the temple in a home in an exclusive neighborhood of Vancouver Canada Although she was initially labeled a suicide despite much evidence to the contrary her friends were able to get the case reopened and deemed a murder The initial suspect Chinese houseboy Wong Foon Sing was kidnapped and tortured for weeks in an unsuccessful attempt to extract a confession causing a major scandal when it was discovered that various police officials and respected members of society were directly involved Wong was eventually tried and acquitted for lack of evidence A law was proposed banning the employment of Orientals and white women in the same household but failed to pass – edit The Milaflores Massacre Three Detroit gangsters were shot down in the Milaflores Apartments on March The killings are widely believed to have been a revenge attack by members of The Purple Gang two members were arrested the next day but never charged The Killing of Lizzie O Neill in Dublin was the shooting of a prostitute who was also known as Honour Bright Two suspects were brought to trial but were acquitted Jewish gangster Arnold Rothstein an avid gambler best remembered for his alleged role fixing the World Series died on November of gunshot wounds inflicted the day before during a New York City business meeting He refused to identify his killer to police A fellow gambler who was believed to have ordered the hit as retaliation for Rothstein s failure to pay a large debt from a recent poker game Rothstein in turn claimed it had been fixed was tried and acquitted No other suspects have ever emerged It is historically accepted that Al Capone ordered the St Valentine s Day massacre of seven other gangsters in Chicago on February But neither he nor any of the suspected gunmen many of whom were dead themselves within a few years were ever formally prosecuted for the crime The Wallace Case was the unsolved murder of Liverpool housewife Julia Wallace on January Her husband William Herbert Wallace was convicted and sentenced to hang but the verdict was overturned on appeal the first such instance in British legal history The chess like quality of the puzzle has attracted a host of crime writers Raymond Chandler said The Wallace case is the nonpareil of all murder mysteries I call it the impossible murder because Wallace couldn t have done it and neither could anyone else The Wallace case is unbeatable it will always be unbeatable Harry C Beasley a Medal of Honor recipient who later became a Newark Ohio police officer died after being shot while confronting robbers on July No one was ever identified as a suspect Jack "Legs" Diamond American gangster was found shot to death in the Albany New York apartment of his mistress on the morning of December While he had many enemies among the underworld who wanted him dead Daniel P O Connell boss of the city s political machine claimed in an interview with author William Kennedy four decades later that he had ordered the killing after Diamond ignored police warnings to stay out of the city s rackets The case remains officially unsolved The murder of Vera Page occurred on December Page was a year old schoolgirl from Notting Hill London who was last seen walking towards her own house having visited her aunt to show her new swimming certificates she had been awarded Her raped and strangled body was found two days later Despite strong circumstantial evidence linking a local man named Percy Rush to the crime a jury recorded an open verdict of "Murder by person or persons unknown "