Maria Mazina, Russia (épée), Olympic champion, bronze[41] Mark Midler, Soviet (foil), 2x Olympic champion[8] Armand Mouyal, France (épée), Olympic bronze, world champion[8] Claude Netter, France (foil), Olympic champion, silver[8] Jacques Ochs, Belgium (épée), Olympic champion[26] Ayelet Ohayon, Israel, (foil), European champion[86] Ellen Osiier, Denmark (foil), Olympic champion[8] Dr. Ivan Osier, Denmark (épée, foil, and sabre), Olympic silver (épée), 25x Danish champion[8] Attila Petschauer, Hungary (sabre), 2x team Olympic champion, silver, killed by the Nazis[26] Ellen Preis, Austria (foil), 3x world champion (1947, 1949, and 1950), Olympic champion, 17x Austrian champion[26] Mark Rakita, Soviet (saber), 2x Olympic champion, 2x silver[8] Yakov Rylsky, Soviet (saber), Olympic champion[26] Gaston Salmon, Belgium (épée), Olympic champion[41] Edgar Seligman, British (épée, foil, and sabre), Olympic 2x silver (épée), 2x British champion in each weapon[41] Andre Spitzer, Israel; killed by terrorists[88] Jean Stern, France (épée), Olympic champion[41] Soren Thompson, US (épée), NCAA champion, world team champion[89] Jonathan Tiomkin, US (foil), 2x US champion[86] David Tyshler, Soviet (saber), Olympic bronze[41] Ildikó Újlaky-Rejto, Hungary (foil), 2x Olympic champion[90] Benjamin (Benji) Ungar, US (épée), NCAA champion, World Championships, Pan American games Eduard Vinokurov, Russia (saber), 2x Olympic champion, silver[8] Iosif Vitebskiy, Soviet (épée), Olympic silver, 10x national champion[8] Lajos Werkner, Hungary (saber), 2x Olympic champion[8] George Worth, US (saber), Olympic bronze, US champion, 3x Pan American champion[26] Field Hockey[edit] Giselle Kañevsky Carina Benninga, the Netherlands, Olympic champion, bronze[8] Casey Gillece, Francis M. Homer award winner for proficiency in field hockey at Friends School (2001) Giselle Kañevsky, Argentina, Olympic bronze[41] Figure skating[edit] Max Aaron Sasha Cohen Sarah Hughes Irina Slutskaya Max Aaron, US, figure skater, 2013 U.S. men's champion[91] Sarah Abitbol, France, figure skater, World Figure Skating Championship bronze[92] Benjamin Agosto, US, ice dancer, Olympic silver, World Championship silver, bronze[93] Ilya Averbukh, Russia, ice dancer, Olympic silver, world champion, European champion[48] Oksana Baiul, Ukraine, figure skater, Olympic gold, world champion[94]

Jason Brown, US, figure skater, 2x Junior World Medalist, 2014 US silver, 2014 Olympic bronze (team).[95] Alexei Beletski, Ukrainian-born Israeli, ice dancer, Olympian[96] Judy Blumberg, US, ice dancer, 3x World Championship bronze[97] Zhan Bush, Russia, figure skater Cindy Bortz, US, figure skater, World Junior Champion[34] Fritzi Burger, Austria, figure skater, 2x Olympic silver, 2x World Championship silver[34] Alain Calmat, France, figure skater, Olympic silver, World Championship gold, silver, 2x bronze[8] Galit Chait, Israel, ice dancer, World Championship bronze, Olympian.[34] Sasha Cohen, US, figure skater, 2006 US Champion, 3x World medalist, 2006 Olympic silver[98] Amber Corwin, US, figure skater[99] Loren Galler-Rabinowitz, US, ice dancer, competes w/partner David Mitchell; US Championships bronze[100] Aleksandr Gorelik, Soviet, pair skater, Olympic silver, World Championship 2x silver, bronze[41] Melissa Gregory, US, figure skater, ice dancer w/Denis Petukhov, US Championships 3 silvers, 2 bronze[101] Natalia Gudina, Ukrainian-born Israeli, figure skater, Olympian[102] Emily Hughes, US, figure skater, World Junior Figure Skating Championships bronze, US Championships bronze, silver[103] Sarah Hughes, US, figure skater, Olympic gold, World Championship bronze[104] Ronald Joseph, US, figure skater, US Junior Champion, US Championships gold, 2x silver, and bronze, World Championship silver, bronze, 1964 Olympic bronze[34] Vivian Joseph, US, figure skater, US Junior Champion, US Championships gold, 2x silver, and bronze, World Championship silver, bronze, 1964 Olympic bronze[34] Gennadi Karponossov, Russia, ice dancer & coach, Olympic gold, World Championship 2x gold, silver, 2x bronze[8] Felix Kasper, Austria, figure skater, Olympic bronze[41] Tamar Katz, US-born Israeli, figure skater[105] Lily Kronberger, Hungary, figure skater, World Championship 4x gold, 2x bronze, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame[8] Dylan Moscovitch, Canada, pairs skater, 2011 Canadian national champion, 2014 Olympic silver (team)[106] Yulia Lipnitskaya, Russia, figure skater[107] Emilia Rotter, Hungary, pair skater, World Championship 4x gold, silver, 2x Olympic bronze[8] Louis Rubenstein, Canada, figure skater, (pre-Olympic) world champion, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame[8] Lionel Rumi, Israel, ice dancer Sergei Sakhnovsky, Israel, ice dancer with Galit Chait, World Championship bronze, Olympian[34] Michael Seibert, US, ice dancer, US Figure Skating Championships 5x gold, World Figure Skating Championships 3x bronze[34] Michael Shmerkin, Soviet-born Israeli, figure skater[108] Simon Shnapir, Russian-born US, pairs skater, 2x US national champion (2013 & 2014), 2014 Olympic bronze (team). Igor Shpilband, Soviet, ice dancer, World Junior Championship gold, silver; coach to several world champion teams Jamie Silverstein, US, figure skater, ice dancer w/Ryan O'Meara, US Championships bronze[109] Irina Slutskaya, Russia, figure skater, Olympic silver & bronze, World Championship 2x gold, 3x silver & 1x bronze, 4x Russian champion, 7x European champion[62] Maxim Staviski, Russian-born Bulgarian, ice dancer, World Championship gold, silver, bronze[110] László Szollás, Hungary, pair skater, World Championship gold & silver, 2x Olympic bronze[8] Alexandra Zaretski, Belarusian-born Israeli, ice dancer, Olympian[110] Roman Zaretski, Belarusian-born Israeli, ice dancer, Olympian[111] Football (American)[edit] Gabe Carimi Nate Ebner Adam Goldberg Taylor Mays Igor Olshansky Mitchell Schwartz Joe "Doc" Alexander, US, G, 2x All-Pro[8] Lyle Alzado, US, DE, 2x All-Pro[48] Harris Barton, US, OL, 2x All-Pro[112] David Binn, US, Long Snapper, All-Pro[113] Arthur Bluethenthal, US, C[8] Greg Camarillo, US, WR[114] Noah Cantor, Canada, DT, Canadian Football League[115] Gabe Carimi, US, OT, All-American and Outland Trophy (Atlanta Falcons)[116] Brian de la Puente, US, G (Chicago Bears)[117] Nate Ebner, US, safety (New England Patriots)[118] Julian Edelman, US, WR (New England Patriots) Hayden Epstein, US, K[34] Jay Fiedler, US, QB[115] John Frank, US, TE[112] Benny Friedman, US, QB, 4x All-Pro, Hall of Fame[8] Lennie Friedman, US, OL[8] Antonio Garay, US, DT (New York Jets)[119] Bill Goldberg, US, DT; professional wrestler (2x world champion)[48] Marshall Goldberg, US, RB, All-Pro[8] Al Goldstein, US, TE NY Titans Charles "Buckets" Goldenberg, US, G & RB, All-Pro[8] Randy Grossman, US, TE[120] Phil Handler, US, G, 3x All-Pro[119] Arnold Horween, US, halfback, fullback, center, and blocking back (quarterback), Harvard All-American and NFL player[121] Ralph Horween, US, fullback, halfback, punter, and drop-kicker, Harvard All-American and NFL player[121] Brandon Kaufman, US, WR (Buffalo Bills)[122] Kyle Kosier, US, G[119] Len Levy, US, G[123] Erik Lorig, US, FB/TE (New Orleans Saints)[124] Sid Luckman, US, QB, 8x All-Pro, MVP, Hall of Fame[8] Joe Magidsohn, Russia, Halfback[8] Ali Marpet, US, OL (Tampa Bay Buccaneers),[125] Taylor Mays, US, S (Minnesota Vikings)[112] Sam McCullum, US, WR[126] Josh Miller, US, punter[127] Wayne Millner, Hall of Fame receiver for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and Washington Redskins[128] Ron "The Intellectual Assassin" Mix, US, OT, 9x All-Pro, Hall of Fame[8] Aaron Murray, US, QB, (Kansas City Chiefs)[8] Ed Newman, US, G, All-Pro[8] Harry Newman, US, QB, All-Pro[8] Igor Olshansky, Ukraine, DL (Miami Dolphins)[112] Merv Pregulman, US, T & C[87] Adam Podlesh, US, P (Pittsburgh Steelers)[113] Herb Rich, US, S, 2x All-Pro[119] Sage Rosenfels, US, QB (Minnesota Vikings)[113] Mike Rosenthal, US, T[115] Jack Sack (born "Jacob Sacklowsky"), US, G & T, All-Pro[119] Geoff Schwartz, US, OT (New York Giants)[129] Mitchell Schwartz, US, OT (Cleveland Browns)[130] Mike Seidman, US, TE[131] Allie Sherman, US, running back & coach[37] Scott Slutzker, US, TE[115] Steve Tannen, US, Defensive Back[7] Josh Taves, US, DE[115] Andre Tippett, US, LB, Hall of Fame[37] Alan "Shlomo" Veingrad, US, OL[132] Gary Wood, US, QB[37] Football (Association; Soccer)[edit] Main article: List of Jewish footballers Yael Averbuch Nick Blackman Rudy Haddad Daniël de Ridder Ryan Adeleye, US/Israel, defender (Hapoel Ashkelon)[133] Jeff Agoos, US, defender (national team)[134] Dudu Aouate, Israel, goalkeeper (RCD Mallorca & national team)[135] Jonathan Assous, France/Israel, defensive midfielder (Hapoel Ashkelon)[136] Gai Assulin, Israel, winger/attacking midfielder (RCD Mallorca & national team)[134] Yael Averbuch, US, midfielder (Washington Spirit & women's national team)[137] Pini Balili, Israel, striker (Maccabi Ironi Bat Yam & national team)[134] Orr Barouch, Israel, striker (Chicago Fire & Israeli national team) Kyle Beckerman, United States, midfielder (Real Salt Lake & national team)[138][139] David "Dedi" Ben Dayan, Israel, left defender (Bnei Sakhnin & national team)[140][141] Tal Ben Haim, Israel, center back/right back (Charlton Athletic & national team)[142] Yossi Benayoun, Israel, attacking midfielder (Maccabi Haifa & national team captain)[134] Eyal Berkovic, Israel, midfielder (national team)[34] Gyula Bíró, Hungary, midfielder/forward (national team)[10][143] Nick Blackman, England, Reading[144] Jean Bloch, France, Olympic silver[41] Harald Bohr, Denmark, Olympic silver[145] Jonathan Bornstein, US, left back/midfielder (Querétaro & US national team)[146] Daniel Brailovski, Argentina/Uruguay, midfielder (Argentina, Uruguay, & Israel national teams)[147] Adam Braz, Canada, defender (Montreal Impact & national team)[148] Jordan Brown, Australia, midfielder [149] Leonid Buryak, USSR/Ukraine, midfielder, Olympic bronze[41] Tomer Chencinski, Israel, goaltender (Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan)[citation needed] Avi Cohen, Israel, defender (Liverpool, Rangers, Maccabi Tel Aviv & national team) Chris Cohen, England, midfielder (West Ham United, Yeovil Town, Nottingham Forest)[citation needed] Tamir Cohen, Israel, midfielder (Hapoel Ra'anana & national team)[150] Benny Feilhaber, Brazil/US, center/attacking midfielder (Sporting Kansas City & US national team)[151] Gottfried Fuchs, Germany/Canada (German national team)[152] Dean Furman, South Africa, midfielder (Doncaster Rovers)[153] Peter Fuzes, Australia, goalkeeper. Also Played for Hakoah, Canterbury, Apia and St George clubs.[154] Sándor Geller, Hungary, goalkeeper, Olympic champion[41] Ludwik Gintel, Poland (national team)[155] Andy Gruenebaum, US, goalkeeper[156] Béla Guttmann, Hungary, midfielder, national team player & international coach[8] Rudy Haddad, France, midfielder (AJ Auxerre & U21 national team)[157] Eddy Hamel, US, right winger (AFC Ajax; killed by the Nazis in Auschwitz)[158] Rinus Israel, Netherlands, defender, Feyenoord and Dutch national team. Joe Jacobson, Wales, left back (Wycombe Wanderers & U21 national team)[159] Tvrtko Kale, Croatia/Israel, goalkeeper (Hapoel Haifa)[160] Tal Karp, Australia, midfielder (Melbourne Victory) [161] Yaniv Katan, Israel, forward/winger (Maccabi Haifa & national team)[162] Josh Kennet, England, midfielder/right back (Maccabi Herzliya)[159] Józef Klotz, Poland (national team; killed by the Nazis)[163] Mark Lazarus, England, right winger[34] Lucas Matías Licht, Argentina, left defender/left winger (Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata)[164] Marcelo Lipatin, Uruguay, forward (C.D. Trofense)[165] Józef Lustgarten, Poland (17 years in the Gulag)[155] Zac MacMath, US, goalkeeper (Colorado Rapids)[166] Gyula Mándi, Hungary, half back (player & coach of Hungarian and Israeli national teams)[8] Shep Messing, US, goalkeeper (national team), manager, and sportscaster[37] Bennie Muller, Netherlands, midfielder, Ajax Amsterdam and Dutch national team[167] Andriy Oberemko, Ukraine, midfielder (Metalurh Zaporizhya & U21 national team)[168] Eli Ohana, Israel, won UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Bravo Award (most outstanding young player in Europe); national team; manager[34] Árpád Orbán, Hungary, Olympic champion[41] Zach Pfeffer, US, midfielder (Philadelphia Union)[169] Boris Razinsky, USSR/Russia, goalkeeper/striker, Olympic champion, manager[41] Charlie Reiter, US, forward (Pali Blues)[170] Haim Revivo, Israel, attacking/side midfielder (national team)[34] Daniël de Ridder, Netherlands, forward winger/attacking midfielder (SC Cambuur & U21 national team)[171] Ronnie Rosenthal, Israel, left winger/striker (national team)[172] Sebastian Rozental, Chile, forward (national team)[34] Ben Sahar, Israel, striker/winger (Willem II & national team)[173] Juan Pablo Sorín, Argentina, defender (national team)[34] Jonathan Spector, USA, defender (Birmingham City and national team). Leon Sperling, Poland, left wing (national team; killed by the Nazis in the Lemberg Ghetto)[155] Giora Spiegel, Israel, midfielder (Israel national team) Mordechai Spiegler, Soviet Union/Israel, striker (Israel national team), manager[34] Daniel Steres, US, defender (LA Galaxy II)[174] Sjaak Swart, Netherlands, winger (Ajax)[167] Idan Tal, Israel, midfielder (Beitar Jerusalem & national team)[48] Nicolás Tauber, Argentina/Israel, goalkeeper (Club Atlético Nueva Chicago)[175] Yochanan Vollach, Israel, defender (Israel national team) Nate Weiss, US, midfielder/defender (FK Jelgava)[176] Sara Whalen, US, defender/forward, Olympic silver[41] Aron Winter, Netherlands, midfielder (Ajax Amsterdam, Lazio Rome, Inter Milan and Dutch national team) José Pékerman, Argentina, midfielder, Argentinos Juniors, Independiente Medellín. Former coach of Argentine national team. Current coach of Colombia national team. Eran Zahavi, Israel, attacking midfielder (Maccabi Tel Aviv & national team)[177] Football (Australian Rules)[edit] Keith Baskin, former AFL footballer (Sydney Swans) [178] Mordy Bromberg, former AFL footballer (St Kilda Football Club). Todd Goldstein, AFL footballer (North Melbourne Football Club).[179][180][181] Ezra Poyas, former AFL and current VFL footballer (Sandringham Football Club).[34] Ian Synman, AFL footballer, only Jew to play in a Premiership.[182] Ariel Steinberg, current AFL footballer (Essendon Football Club). Golf[edit] Laetitia Beck Morgan Pressel Alexander Shatilov Aly Raisman Amy Alcott, US, LPGA Tour, World Golf Hall of Fame[8] Herman Barron, US, PGA Tour[8] Daniel Berger, US, PGA Tour Bruce Fleisher, US, PGA Tour[183] Laetitia Beck, Israel, Israeli champion & 3x Maccabiah Games gold[184] Jonathan Kaye, US, PGA Tour[34] David Lipsky, US, Asian Tour[185] David Merkow, US, Northwestern University, 2006 Big Ten Golfer of the Year[186] Ron Silver, US, Nationwide Tour[187] Corey Pavin, US, PGA & Champions Tour (converted to Christianity)[48] Morgan Pressel, US, LPGA Tour[188] Monte Scheinblum, US, 1992 US & World Long Drive Champion[34] Gymnastics[edit] Estella Agsteribbe, Netherlands, Olympic champion (team combined exercises), killed by the Nazis in Auschwitz[41] Yana Batyrshina, Russia, Olympic silver (rhythmic gymnastics)[41] Alyssa Beckerman, US, national champion (balance beam), 2 silver & bronze (uneven bars)[34] Valery Belenky, USSR/Azerbaijan/Germany, Olympic champion (team combined exercises), bronze (individual combined exercises)[41] Elka de Levie, Netherlands, Olympic champion (team combined exercises)[41] Olena Dvornichenko, Israel/Ukraine, rhythmic gymnastics [189] Philip Erenberg, US, Olympic silver (Indian clubs)[41] Alfred Flatow, Germany, 3x Olympic champion (parallel bars, team parallel bars, team horizontal bar), silver (horizontal bar)[8] Gustav Felix Flatow, Germany, 2x Olympic champion (team parallel bars, team horizontal bar)[8] Samu Fóti, Hungary, Olympic silver (team combined exercises)[41] Mitch Gaylord, US, Olympic champion (team), silver (vaulting), 2x bronze (rings, parallel bars)[8] Imre Gellért, Hungary, Olympic silver (team combined exercises)[41] Maria Gorokhovskaya, USSR, Olympic 2x champion (all-around individual exercises, team combined exercises), 5x silver (vault, asymmetrical bars, balance beam, floor exercise, team exercises with portable apparatus)[8] Abie Grossfeld, US, 8x Pan American champion, 7x Maccabiah champion, coach[8] George Gulack, US, Olympic champion (flying rings)[8] Ágnes Keleti, Hungary, 5x Olympic champion (2x floor exercise, asymmetrical bars, floor exercise, balance beam, team exercise with portable apparatus), 3x silver (2x team combined exercises, individual combined exercises), 2x bronze (asymmetrical bars, team exercises with portable apparatus), International Gymnastics Hall of Fame[8][62] Alice Kertész, Hungary, Olympic champion (team, portable apparatus), silver (team); world silver (team)[26] Natalia Laschenova, USSR, Olympic champion (team)[41] Tatiana Lysenko, USSR/Ukraine, 2x Olympic champion (balance beam, team combined exercises), bronze (horse vault)[62] Valeria Maksyuta, Ukraine/Israel, multiple World Cup medalist, Israeli Olympian, Maccabiah Games champion[190][191][192] Phoebe Mills, US, Olympic bronze (balance beam)[34] Abraham Mok, Netherlands,[193] Helena Nordheim, Netherlands, Olympic champion (team combined exercises), killed by the Nazis in Sobibór[41] Mikhail Perelman, USSR, Olympic champion (team combined exercises)[41] Katerina Pisetsky, Israel/Ukraine, rhythmic gymnast [194] Anna Polak, Netherlands, Olympic champion (team combined exercises), killed by the Nazis in Sobibór[41] Vladimir Portnoi, USSR, Olympic silver (team combined exercises) and bronze (long horse vault)[41] Aly Raisman, US, Olympic champion (floor, team combined exercises), bronze (balance beam); world gold (team: 2011), silver (team: 2010), and bronze (floor exercise: 2011)[195] Yulia Raskina, Belarus, Olympic silver (rhythmic gymnastics)[41] Neta Rivkin, Israel, world bronze (rhythmic gymnastics; hoop)[196] Maria Savenkov, Israel/Russia, rhythmic gymnast [189] Alexander Shatilov, Uzbekistan/Israel, world bronze, European champion (artistic gymnast; floor exercise)[197] Yelena Shushunova, USSR, Olympic 2x champion (all-around, team), silver (balance beam), bronze (uneven bars)[62] Judijke Simons, Netherlands, Olympic champion (team combined exercises), killed by the Nazis in Sobibór[41] Kerri Strug, US, Olympic champion (team combined exercises), bronze (team combined exercises)[8] Rahel Vigdozchik, Israel, rhythmic gymnast [198] Veronika Vitenberg, Israel/Belarus, rhythmic gymnast [198] Julie Zetlin, US, 2010 US champion (rhythmic gymnastics)[199] Valerie Zimring, US, 1984 US National Champion, 5x Maccabiah Champion (rhythmic gymnastics)[200] Ice hockey[edit] Mike Brown Michael Cammalleri Jeff Halpern Eric Nystrom Mathieu Schneider Trevor Smith David Warsofsky Jason Zucker Jason Bailey, US, right wing (NHL) [201] Rudi Ball, German, right wing, Olympic bronze, world runner-up, bronze[202] Max Birbraer, Russian from Kazakhstan; lived & played in Israel; 1st Israeli drafted by NHL team (New Jersey Devils)[203] Ross Brooks, Canada, goaltender (NHL)[48] Mike Brown, US, right wing (San Jose Sharks)[32] Hy Buller, Canadian-born US, All-Star defenceman (NHL)[203] Michael Cammalleri, Canada, left wing (New Jersey Devils)[34][204] Carter Camper, US, forward[205] Colby Cohen, US, defenseman[206] Matt Cohen, US, defenseman (Fife Flyers) [207] Zach Cohen, US, left wing (Rapid City Rush) [208] Sara DeCosta, US, ice hockey player, Olympic gold & silver[99] Jason Demers, Canada, defenceman (Dallas Stars)[205] Steve Dubinsky, Canada, center (NHL)[203] Oren Eizenman, (Israel national team)[34] David Elsner, Germany, forward (Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers) [208] Daniel Erlich, Canada, forward (Guelph Storm, OHL)[209] Jørn Goldstein, Norway, goaltender, Olympian and national team, awarded the Gold Puck as best player of the season[210] Dov Grumet-Morris, US, goaltender (Hartford Wolf Pack) [207] Jeff Halpern, US, center (Phoenix Coyotes)[203] Mike Hartman, US, left wing (NHL)[87] Adam Henrich, Canada, left wing/center (Alleghe HC of the Italian Serie A)[211] Michael Henrich, Canada, right wing, 1st Jewish player drafted in NHL 1st round (by Edmonton Oilers)[212] Eric Himelfarb, Canada, center (Malmö Redhawks) [208] Kim Hirschovits, Finland, forward (Espoo Blues)[208] Zach Hyman, Canada, Right Wing/Center (Toronto Maple Leafs, NHL) Joe Ironstone, Canada, goaltender (NHL) [213] Evan Kaufmann, US, forward (Nürnberg Ice Tigers)[214] Alfred Kuchevsky, Soviet, Olympic champion, bronze[8] Max Labovitch, Canada, right wing (NHL)[215] David Levin (ice hockey), Israel, 1st overall 2015 OHL draft selection [216] Alex Levinsky, Canada, defenceman (NHL)[203] David Meckler, US, left wing (EHC Red Bull München) [207] Jacob Micflikier, Canada, forward (Linköpings HC) [207][217][218] David Nemirovsky, Canada, right wing (CSKA Moscow)[203] Bobby Nystrom, Swedish-born Canadian, right wing (NHL) (converted to Judaism)[37] Eric Nystrom, US, left wing (Nashville Predators) & son of former NHL player Bob Nystrom[219] Cory Pecker, Canada, right wing (Nationalliga B's Switzerland team Lausanne HC), drafted 6th round by Calgary Flames in 1999[220] Bob Plager, Canada, defense (NHL) (converted to Judaism) [221] Dylan Reese, US, defenseman (Arizona Coyotes)[114] Samuel Rothschild, Canada, left wing (NHL) [213] François Rozenthal, France (national team)[34] Maurice Rozenthal, France, right wing (national team)[34] Mathieu Schneider, US, defenseman (NHL)[203] Eliezer Sherbatov, Israel, left wing (Israel national ice hockey team)[222] Trevor Smith, Canada, centre (Toronto Maple Leafs)[223] Daniel Spivak, Israel-Canada, defense (Gwinnett Gladiators) [208] Brett Sterling, US, left wing (St. Louis Blues)[206] Ronnie Stern, Canada, right wing (NHL)[48] Josh Tordjman, Canada, goaltender (EC Red Bull Salzburg) [207] Márton Vas, Hungary, right wing (Alba Volán Székesfehérvár) [207] Mike Veisor, Canada, goaltender (NHL)[48] David Warsofsky, US, defenceman (Boston Bruins) [224] Bernie Wolfe, Canada, goaltender (NHL)[48] Ethan Werek, Canada, forward (Providence Bruins, AHL); NY Rangers draft pick traded to Phoenix Coyotes[207] Larry Zeidel, Canada, defenceman (NHL)[203] Jason Zucker, US, left wing (Minnesota Wild)[225] Judo[edit] Oren Smadja Yael Arad, Israel, 1992 Olympic silver (light-middleweight)[226] Mark Berger, Canada, Olympic silver & bronze (heavyweight)[41] Robert Berland, US, Olympic silver (middleweight)[41] Arons Bogolubovs, USSR, Olympic bronze (lightweight)[41] James Bregman, US, Olympic bronze (middleweight)[41] Yarden Gerbi, Israel, world champion (under 63 kg)[227] Felipe Kitadai, Brazil, Olympic bronze (60 kg)[228] Daniela Krukower, Israel/Argentina, world champion (under 63 kg)[34] Charlee Minkin, US, Pan American women's champion (half lightweight division; under 52 kg)[34] Sagi Muki, Israel, 2015 European champion (under 73 kg) Alice Schlesinger, Israel, World Judo Championships bronze; European junior champion (under 63 kg)[42] Oren Smadja, Israel, 1992 Olympic bronze medalist (lightweight)[41] Ehud Vaks, Israel, (half-lightweight)[229] Arik Ze'evi, Israel, 2004 Olympic bronze medalist (100 kg)[226] Kickboxing[edit] Sherman Bergman[230] Mixed martial arts[edit] Sarah Avraham, Indian-born Israeli kickboxer, 2014 Women's World Thai-Boxing Champion in 57-63 kilos (125–140 pounds) weight class Ilya Grad, Israel, lightweight Muay Thai boxing [231] champion[232] Ido Pariente, Israel, lightweight Pankration World Champion Noad "Neo" Lahat, Israel, featherweight MMA (UFC)[233] Rory Singer, U.S., middleweight fighter from The Ultimate Fighter 3[234] Sarah Kaufman, Canada, UFC fighter in the women's bantamweight division Emily Kagan, U.S., UFC fighter in the women's strawweight division. Competed in season 20 of The Ultimate Fighter Motorsport[edit] François Cevert Kenny Bernstein {"The King of Speed"}, US, drag racing driver and former NASCAR owner[48] François Cevert (born "François Goldenberg"), France, Formula One driver[34] Steve Krisiloff, US, USAC and CART Championship Car driver[235] Paul Newman, US, motorsport team owner & driver; actor[236] Chanoch Nissany, Israel, Formula One test-driver,[34] father of Roy Nissany Roy Nissany, Israel, Formula Renault 3.5, son of Channoch Nissany Peter Revson, US, Formula One driver[23] Mauri Rose, US, Indy driver, Indy 500 winner[62] Eddie Sachs, US, 8x starter of the Indianapolis 500, 1957–64, winning the pole position in 1960 and 1961, with his best finish being second in 1961[237] Ian Scheckter, South Africa, Formula One driver (brother of Jody Scheckter and uncle of Tomas Scheckter)[34] Jody Scheckter, South Africa, Formula One driver, 1979 Formula One World Drivers champion (brother of Ian Scheckter and father of Tomas Scheckter)[8] Tomas Scheckter, South Africa, Indy Racing League driver[34] Sheila van Damm, British rally driver[23] Lionel Van Praag, Australian motorcycle Speedway World Champion[34] Eric Lichtenstein, Argentina, GP3 driver[238] Rowing[edit] Nathan Cohen Nathan Cohen, New Zealand, double sculls, Olympic gold, 2x World Rowing Championships gold[239] Josh West, American-born British, men's eight, Olympic silver, 2x World Rowing Championships silver and one bronze[240] Rugby league[edit] Konstantins Sokolskis – – romance and tango singer Ksenia Solo born Latvian Canadian actress Serge Sorokko born art dealer and publisher Raimonds Staprans born – Latvian American painter Janis Šteinhauers – – Latvian industrialist entrepreneur and civil rights activist Gotthard Friedrich Stender – the first Latvian grammarian Lina Šterna – – biologist and social activist Roze Stiebra born animator Henrijs Stolovs – – stamp dealer Janis Streics born – film director screenwriter actor Janis Strelnieks born – basketball player Peteris Stucka – – author translator editor jurist and educator Janis Sudrabkalns poet and journalist Jevgenijs Svešnikovs born – prominent chess player Stanislavs Svjanevics – – economist and historian Š edit Viktors Šcerbatihs born – athlete weightlifter Pauls Šimanis – – Baltic German journalist politician activist defending and preserving European minority cultures Vestards Šimkus born – pianist Aleksejs Širovs born – chess player Andris Škele born – politician Prime Minister of Latvia Armands Škele – basketball player Ksenia Solo born – actress Ernests Štalbergs – – architect ensemble of the Freedom Monument Izaks Nahmans Šteinbergs – – politician lawyer and author Maris Štrombergs – BMX cyclist gold medal winner at and Olympics T edit Esther Takeuchi born – materials scientist and chemical engineer Mihails Tals – – the th World Chess Champion Janis Roberts Tilbergs – – painter sculptor U edit Guntis Ulmanis born – president of Latvia Karlis Ulmanis – – prime minister and president of Latvia


abby-lane abby-rode abigail-clayton ada-tauler addie-juniper addison-cain adele-wiesenthal adeline-lange adeline-pollicina adriana-amante adrianna-laurenti adrianna-russo agnes agnes-ardant agnes-zalontai aimee-addison aisha-sun aja aleena-ferari alessandra-schiavo aletta-ocean alexandra-nice alexandria-cass alexa-parks alex-dane alex-foxe alexia-knight alexis-devell alexis-firestone alexis-greco alexis-payne alexis-x alex-storm alex-white aliana-love alice-springs alicia-alighatti alicia-monet alicia-rio alicyn-sterling alighiera-olena ali-moore aline-santos alissa-ashley allysin-chaynes alysin-embers alyssa-love alyssa-reece amanda-addams amanda-blake amanda-blue amanda-jane-adams amanda-rae amanda-stone amanda-tyler amber-hunt amberlina-lynn amber-lynn amber-michaels amber-peach amber-wild amber-woods ambrosia-fox amia-miley ami-rodgers amy-allison amy-brooke amy-rose amy-starz anastasia-christ anastasia-sands andrea-adams andrea-brittian andrea-lange andrea-true andy angel angela-baron angela-summers angel-barrett angel-cash angel-cruz angel-cummings angel-ducharme angelica-sin angelika-reschner angelina-brasini angelina-korrs angelina-valentine angel-kelly angel-long angel-west angie-knight anita-andic anita-blond anita-cannibal anita-dark anna-belle anna-malle anna-nikova anna-pierce anna-ventura anna-veruska anne-bie-warburg anne-libert anne-magle anne-sand annette-haven annie-sprinkle ann-kiray ann-marie-michelle antonia-dorian april-flowers april-may april-west arcadia-lake ariana-bali ariana-jollee arlana-blue ashley-anne ashley-brooks ashley-coda ashley-fires ashley-lauren ashley-long ashley-marie ashley-nicole ashley-perk ashley-renee ashley-robbins ashley-welles ashley-wells ashley-winger ashlyn-gere astrid-bone athena-star aubrey-nichols aurora aurora-snow autumn-bliss autumn-rayne ava-devine ava-lauren avalon ava-marteens avy-lee-roth bailey-monroe bambi-allen barbara-bourbon barbara-boutet barbara-dare barbara-doll barbara-moose barbarella barbie-angel barbie-doll barett-moore bea-fiedler beata beatrice-poggi beatrice-valle becky-savage becky-sunshine belinda-butterfield bella-donna bethany-sweet beverly-bliss beverly-glen biggi-stenzhorn bionca black-widow blond-cat blondi blue-angel bobbi-bliss bobbi-dean bobbie-burns bonnie-holiday brandee brandi-edwards brandy-alexandre brandy-dean brandy-lee brandy-smile brandy-wine bree-anthony breezy-lane brenda-basse briana-blair bridgette-belle bridgette-monet bridgette-monroe bridget-waters brigitte-lahaie brigitte-monnin brigitte-verbecq brittany brittany-stryker britt-corvin britt-morgan bronze brooke-bennett brooke-fields brooke-haven brooke-west brook-van-buuren buffy-davis bunnie-blake bunny-bleu bunny-hatton busty-belle cali-caramel calisyn-heart cameo cameron-love camila-sampaio camilla-rhodes camille-morgan camrie-foxxx candace-daley candi candida-royalle candie-evens candi-summers candy-apples candy-barr candy-hill candy-samples candy-stanton cara-lott caressa-savage carmel-nougat carmen-blonde carmen-de-la-torre carmen-moore carmen-rose carol-connors carol-cross carol-cummings carole-dubois carole-gire carole-pierac carol-titian carolyn-connoly carolyn-monroe carrie-cruise cassandra-leigh cassidy cassie-courtland cataline-bullock catherine-count catherine-crystal catherine-ringer catherine-tailleferre cathy-delorme cathy-menard cathy-stewart celeste-fox celine-gallone chanel-preston chanel-price chantal-virapin chanta-rose chantelle-stevens charisma charisma-cole charlie-latour charlie-waters charlotte-de-castille charmane-star chasey-lain chayse-manhattan chaz-vincent chelsea-sinclaire chennin-blanc cheri-janvier cheri-taylor cherry-hill chessie-moore cheyenne-hunter cheyenne-silver china-lee china-leigh china-moon chloe-cruize chloe-dior chloe-kez chloe-stevens chris-collins chris-jordan chris-petersen chrissie-beauchamp christa-abel christa-ludwig christie-ford christi-lake christina-berg christina-blond christina-evol christina-skye christine-black christine-chavert christine-neona christine-rigoler christy-canyon cicciolina cindi-stephens cindy-carver cindy-crawford cindy-more cindy-shepard cindy-wong cinthya-marinho clair-dia claire-robbins claude-janna claudia-jackson claudia-jamsson claudia-mehringer claudia-nero claudia-van-statt claudia-zante claudine-beccarie clea-carson cleo-nichole cleo-patra cody-lane cody-love cody-nicole coffee-brown colleen-brennan connie-bennett connie-peterson constance-money copper-penny coreena corey-everson corinne-lemoine corneliah cory-everson cory-wolf courtney courtney-cummz courtney-james cris-cassidy crissy-moran cris-taliana crystal-breeze crystal-dawn crystal-holland crystal-knight crystal-lake crystal-lovin crystal-sync csilla-kalnay cuban-bee cynara-fox cyndee-summers cynthia-black cynthia-brooks cynthia-hammers cynthia-lavigne dagmar-lost daisy-layne dallas-miko dana-dylan dana-lynn danica-rhea daniela-nanou daniela-schiffer daniele-troeger daniella daniella-schiffer danielle danielle-foxxx danielle-rodgers danny-ricci danyel-cheeks daphne daphne-rosen darby-lloyd-rains darla-crane darla-delovely davia-ardell dayton-rain debbie-northrup debbie-revenge debbie-van-gils debi-diamond debi-jointed debra-lynn deidra-hopkins deidre-holland delania-raffino delia-moore delphine-thail delta-force delta-white demi-moor denice-klarskov denise-derringer denise-dior denise-sloan desiree-cousteau desiree-foxx desiree-lane desiree-west deva-station devin-devasquez devinn-lane devon-shire dia diana-holt diana-kisabonyi diana-siefert diana-stevenson diane-dubois diane-richards diane-sloan diane-suresne dido-angel dillan-lauren dina-deville dina-jewel dina-pearl ditty-blue diva divinity-love djiana dolly-darkley dominique dominique-dewitt dominique-saint-claire donna-hart donna-marie dorle-buchner dorothy-lemay dorothy-onan drea drimla dru-berrymore dusty-rose dyanna-lauren ebony-ayes edina-blond edita-ungerova edwige-faillel eileen-wells elaine-southern elena-berkova elena-maria-ricci eleonore-melzer elisabeth-bure elis-black elise elise-di-medici elle-devyne elle-rio elodie-delage elsa-maroussia elza-brown emili-doll emily-evermoore emily-george emily-jewel emmanuelle-pareze envy-mi erica-boyer erica-eaton erica-havens erica-idol erica-lauren erika-bella erika-cool erika-heaven erika-lockett esme-monroe eva-allen eva-angel eva-dionisio eva-gross eva-kleber eva-lux eva-uettori eve-laurence evelyne-lang evie-delatosso fabiana-venturi faith-stevens fallon fanny-garreau fanny-steel faye-runaway flame flick-shagwell flore-soller flower france-lomay france-quenie francoise frankie-leigh gabriella gabriella-mirelba gabriella-vincze gail-force gail-palmer gail-sterling georgette-saunders georgia-peach georgina-spelvin gia-givanna gianna-lynn gili-sky gina-carrera gina-gianetti gina-janssen gina-lee gina-martell gina-valentino ginger-jay ginger-lee ginger-lynn ginny-noack giovanna gisela-schwarz giselle-monet gladys-laroche gloria-leonard gloria-todd golden-jade greta-carlson greta-milos guia-lauri-filzi gwenda-farnel hare-krane harley-raine hayley-jade hazel-young heather-deeley heather-ellis heather-hart heather-lere heather-lyn heather-manfield heather-thomas heather-torrance heather-wayne heather-young helen-madigan helen-thomas helga-sven helga-wild hillary-summers holly-hollywood holly-joy holly-page holly-ryder honey-winter hottie-hollie hyapatia-lee ida-fabry ildiko-smits illana-moor ines-ridere ingrid-choray isabella-dior isabella-soprano isabelle-allay isabelle-brell isabelle-marchall isobel-wren iveta ivette-blanche jackie-right jacqueline-lorians jacy-allen jada-stevens jade-east jade-hsu jade-marcela jade-summers jade-wong jahn-gold jamie-brooks jamie-james jamie-summers jana-irrova jana-mrazkova jane-baker jane-darling jane-iwanoff jane-lindsay jane-lixx janet-jacme janey-robbins jasmine-delatori jayden-simone jaylyn-rose jayna-woods jazella-moore jazmin-luna-gold jean-afrique jeanette-littledove jeanie-marie-sullivan jean-jennings jeanna-fine jeannie-pepper jenna-jameson jenna-jane jenna-presley jenna-wells jennifer-haussmann jennifer-janes jennifer-jordan jennifer-morante jennifer-noxt jennifer-stewart jennifer-welles jennifer-west jenny jenny-feeling jenny-fields jenny-wings jersey-jaxin jesie-st-james jesse-capelli jessica-bangkok jessica-bogart jessica-darlin jessica-fiorentino jessica-gabriel jessica-laine jessica-may jessica-road jessica-wylde jessi-foster jill-ferari jill-kelly joana-redgrave joan-devlon joanna-storm joanna-sweet jody-maxwell joelle-lequement joelle-petinot johnni-black jordana-james jordan-green jordan-nevaeh jordan-star josephine-carrington joslyn-james julia-chanel julia-dal-fuoco juliana-grandi julia-paes julia-parton julia-perrin julia-swen julia-thomas julie-meadows julie-rage julie-simone juliet-anderson juliet-graham juliette-carelton kacey-jordan kagney-linn-karter kaitlyn-ashley kalena-rios kami-andrews kamila-smith kandee-licks kandi-barbour kapri-styles kara-nox karen-summer kari-foxx karine-gambier karin-schubert karli-sweet karmen-kennedy karol-castro kascha kassi-nova kat kate-frost kate-jones kathia-nobili kathleen-gentry kathleen-white kathy-divan kathy-harcourt kathy-heart kathy-kash katie-cummings katja-love kat-langer katrina-isis katrina-kraven katy-borman katy-caro kaycee-dean kayla-kupcakes kay-parker k-c-valentine keama-kim keira-moon keisha keli-richards kelli-tyler kelly-adams kelly-blue kelly-broox kelly-hearn kelly-kay kelly-kline kelly-nichols kelly-royce kelly-skyline kendra-kay kenzi-marie keri-windsor ketthy-divan kianna-dior kiley-heart kim-alexis kimber-blake kimberly-carson kimberly-kane kimberly-kyle kim-de-place kim-holland kimi-gee kimkim-de kim-kitaine kimmie-lee kimmy-nipples kina-kara kira-eggers kira-red kirsty-waay kitty-langdon kitty-lynxxx kitty-marie kitty-shayne kitty-yung kora-cummings kris-lara krista-lane krista-maze kristara-barrington kristarah-knight kristi-klenot kristina-blonde kristina-king kristina-klevits kristina-soderszk kristine-heller kristin-steen krisztina-ventura krystal-de-boor krystal-steal kylee-karr kylee-nash kylie-brooks kylie-channel kylie-haze kylie-wylde kym-wilde kyoto-sun lachelle-marie lacy-rose lady-amanda-wyldefyre lady-stephanie laetitia-bisset lana-burner lana-cox lana-wood lara-amour lara-roxx lara-stevens lataya-roxx latoya laura-clair laura-lazare laura-lion laura-may laura-orsolya laura-paouck laura-zanzibar lauren-black laurence-boutin lauren-montgomery laurien-dominique laurien-wilde laurie-smith lauryl-canyon lauryn-may leah-wilde lea-magic lea-martini leanna-foxxx lee-caroll leigh-livingston leilani lenora-bruce leslie-winston lesllie-bovee letizia-bruni lexi-lane lexi-matthews lezley-zen lia-fire liliane-gray liliane-lemieuvre lili-marlene lily-gilder lily-labeau lily-rodgers lily-valentine linda-shaw linda-vale linda-wong linnea-quigley lisa-bright lisa-de-leeuw lisa-k-loring lisa-lake lisa-melendez lisa-sue-corey lise-pinson little-oral-annie liza-dwyer liza-harper lizzy-borden logan-labrent lois-ayres lola-cait long-jean-silver loni-bunny loni-sanders loona-luxx lorelei-lee lorelei-rand lorena-sanchez lori-alexia lori-blue lorrie-lovett luci-diamond lucie-doll lucie-theodorova lucy-van-dam lydia-baum lynn-franciss lynn-lemay lynn-ray lynn-stevens lynx-canon lysa-thatcher madelina-ray madison-parker magdalena-lynn maggie-randall mai-lin mandi-wine mandy-bright mandy-malone mandy-may mandy-mistery mandy-starr marcia-minor maren margit-ojetz margitta-hofer margo-stevens margot-mahler mariah-cherry marianne-aubert maria-tortuga marie-anne marie-christine-chireix marie-christine-veroda marie-claude-moreau marie-dominique-cabannes marie-france-morel marie-luise-lusewitz marie-sharp marilyn-chambers marilyne-leroy marilyn-gee marilyn-jess marilyn-martyn marilyn-star marina-hedman marion-webb marita-ekberg marita-kemper marlena marlene-willoughby marry-queen martine-grimaud martine-schultz maryanne-fisher mary-hubay mary-ramunno mary-stuart mascha-mouton maud-kennedy mauvais-denoir maxine-tyler maya-black maya-france megan-leigh megan-martinez megan-reece mei-ling melanie-hotlips melanie-scott melba-cruz melinda-russell melissa-bonsardo melissa-del-prado melissa-golden melissa-martinez melissa-melendez melissa-monet mercedes-dragon mercedes-lynn merle-michaels mesha-lynn mia-beck mia-lina mia-smiles michele-raven michelle-aston michelle-ferrari michelle-greco michelle-maren michelle-maylene michelle-monroe micki-lynn mika-barthel mika-tan mikki-taylor mimi-morgan mindy-rae ming-toy miranda-stevens miss-bunny miss-meadow miss-pomodoro missy missy-graham missy-stone missy-vega misti-jane mistress-candice misty-anderson misty-dawn misty-rain misty-regan mona-lisa mona-page moni monica-baal monica-swinn monika-peta monika-sandmayr monika-unco monique-bruno monique-cardin monique-charell monique-demoan monique-gabrielle monique-la-belle morgan-fairlane morrigan-hel moxxie-maddron mulani-rivera mysti-may nadege-arnaud nadia-styles nadine-bronx nadine-proutnal nadine-roussial nadi-phuket nanci-suiter nancy-hoffman nancy-vee natacha-delyro natalia-wood natalli-diangelo natascha-throat natasha-skyler naudia-nyce nessa-devil nessy-grant nesty nicki-hunter nicky-reed nicole-berg nicole-bernard nicole-black nicole-grey nicole-london nicole-parks nicole-scott nicole-taylor nicolette-fauludi nicole-west nika-blond nika-mamic niki-cole nikita-love nikita-rush nikki-charm nikki-grand nikki-king nikki-knight nikki-randall nikki-rhodes nikki-santana nikki-steele nikki-wilde niko nina-cherry nina-deponca nina-hartley nina-preta oana-efria obaya-roberts olesja-derevko olga-cabaeva olga-conti olga-pechova olga-petrova olivia-alize olivia-del-rio olivia-flores olivia-la-roche olivia-outre ophelia-tozzi orchidea-keresztes orsolya-blonde paige-turner paisley-hunter pamela-bocchi pamela-jennings pamela-mann pamela-stanford pamela-stealt pandora paola-albini pascale-vital pat-manning pat-rhea patricia-dale patricia-diamond patricia-kennedy patricia-rhomberg patrizia-predan patti-cakes patti-petite paula-brasile paula-harlow paula-morton paula-price paula-winters pauline-teutscher penelope-pumpkins penelope-valentin petra-hermanova petra-lamas peyton-lafferty phaedra-grant pia-snow piper-fawn pipi-anderson porsche-lynn porsha-carrera precious-silver priscillia-lenn purple-passion queeny-love rachel-ashley rachel-love rachel-luv rachel-roxxx rachel-ryan rachel-ryder racquel-darrian rane-revere raven reagan-maddux rebecca-bardoux regan-anthony regine-bardot regula-mertens reina-leone reka-gabor renae-cruz renee-foxx renee-lovins renee-morgan renee-perez renee-summers renee-tiffany rhonda-jo-petty rikki-blake riley-ray rio-mariah rita-ricardo roberta-gemma roberta-pedon robin-byrd robin-cannes robin-everett robin-sane rochell-starr rosa-lee-kimball rosemarie roxanne-blaze roxanne-hall roxanne-rollan ruby-richards sabina-k sabre sabrina-chimaera sabrina-dawn sabrina-jade sabrina-johnson sabrina-love-cox sabrina-mastrolorenzi sabrina-rose sabrina-scott sabrina-summers sacha-davril sahara sahara-sands sai-tai-tiger samantha-fox samantha-ryan samantha-sterlyng samantha-strong samueline-de-la-rosa sandra-cardinale sandra-de-marco sandra-kalermen sandra-russo sandy-lee sandy-pinney sandy-reed sandy-samuel sandy-style sandy-summers sara-brandy-canyon sara-faye sarah-bernard sarah-cabrera sarah-hevyn sarah-mills sarah-shine sara-sloane sasha sasha-hollander sasha-ligaya sasha-rose satine-phoenix satin-summer savannah-stern savanna-jane scarlet-scarleau scarlet-windsor seka selena serena serena-south severine-amoux shana-evans shanna-mccullough shannon-kelly shannon-rush shantell-day sharon-da-vale sharon-kane sharon-mitchell shaun-michelle shawna-sexton shawnee-cates shay-hendrix shayne-ryder sheena-horne sheer-delight shelby-star shelby-stevens shelly-berlin shelly-lyons sheri-st-clair sheyla-cats shonna-lynn shyla-foxxx shy-love sierra-sinn sierra-skye sigrun-theil silver-starr silvia-bella silvia-saint silvie-de-lux silvy-taylor simone-west sindee-coxx sindy-lange sindy-shy siobhan-hunter skylar-knight skylar-price skyler-dupree smokie-flame smoking-mary-jane solange-shannon sonya-summers sophia-santi sophie-call sophie-duflot sophie-evans sophie-guers stacey-donovan stacy-lords stacy-moran stacy-nichols stacy-silver stacy-thorn starla-fox starr-wood stefania-bruni stella-virgin stephanie-duvalle stephanie-rage stephanie-renee stevie-taylor summer-knight summer-rose sunny-day sunset-thomas sunshine-seiber susan-hart susanne-brend susan-nero susi-hotkiss suzanne-mcbain suzan-nielsen suzie-bartlett suzie-carina suzi-sparks sweet-nice sweety-pie sybille-rossani sylvia-benedict sylvia-bourdon sylvia-brand sylvia-engelmann syreeta-taylor syren-de-mer syvette szabina-black szilvia-lauren tai-ellis taija-rae taisa-banx talia-james tamara-lee tamara-longley tamara-n-joy tamara-west tami-white tammy tammy-lee tammy-reynolds tania-lorenzo tantala-ray tanya-danielle tanya-fox tanya-foxx tanya-lawson tanya-valis tara-aire tasha-voux tatjana-belousova tatjana-skomorokhova tawnee-lee tawny-pearl tayla-rox taylor-wane teddi-austin teddi-barrett tera-bond tera-heart tera-joy teresa-may teresa-orlowski teri-diver teri-weigel terri-dolan terri-hall tess-ferre tess-newheart thais-vieira tia-cherry tianna tiara tiffany-blake tiffany-clark tiffany-duponte tiffany-rayne tiffany-rousso tiffany-storm tiffany-towers tiffany-tyler tiger-lily tigr timea-vagvoelgyi tina-blair tina-burner tina-evil tina-gabriel tina-loren tina-marie tina-russell tish-ambrose tommi-rose tonisha-mills topsy-curvey tori-secrets tori-sinclair tori-welles tracey-adams traci-lords traci-topps traci-winn tracy-duzit tracy-love tracy-williams tricia-devereaux tricia-yen trinity-loren trisha-rey trista-post trixie-tyler ultramax ursula-gaussmann ursula-moore uschi-karnat valentina valerie-leveau valery-hilton vanessa-chase vanessa-del-rio vanessa-michaels vanessa-ozdanic vanilla-deville velvet-summers veri-knotty veronica-dol veronica-hart veronica-hill veronica-rayne veronica-sage veronika-vanoza via-paxton vicky-lindsay vicky-vicci victoria-evans victoria-gold victoria-knight victoria-luna victoria-paris victoria-slick victoria-zdrok viper virginie-caprice vivian-valentine vivien-martines wendi-white wendy-divine whitney-banks whitney-fears whitney-wonders wonder-tracey wow-nikki xanthia-berstein yasmine-fitzgerald yelena-shieffer yvonne-green zara-whites zsanett-egerhazi zuzie-boobies

Albert Rosenfeld Lewis Harris, England, English rugby league[241] Wilf Rosenberg, SAn rugby union, and later rugby league[242][243] Albert Rosenfeld, Australia, five-eighth, Australian rugby league[241] Sam Philips, United Kingdom, Winger, Chester Mavericks Rugby League[241] Ian Rubin, Ukraine/Australia, Russia national team[244] Mark Shulman, Australian rugby league[245][246] Rugby union[edit] See also: Rugby union at the Maccabiah Games Zack Test Nathan Amos, Israel.[247] Louis Babrow, South Africa, South Africa national team[248][249][250] Leo Camron, South Africa/Israel; helped introduced rugby to Israel.[251] A.S. Cohen, England (Cambridge University RFC)[252] Ben Cohen, England Okey Geffin, South Africa, forward, South Africa national team[241][249] Samuel Goodman, US, player & manager of gold-winning US Olympic team[241] Chaya Leib Herzovitz, Stade Francais[253] Joe Kaminer, South Africa, South Africa national team[249] Josh Kronfeld, New Zealand, flanker, New Zealand national team[34] Aaron Liffchak, England, prop, English national team[254] Shawn Lipman, South Africa/US, US national team[37][248] Alan Menter, England/South Africa, South Africa national team[249] Cecil Moss, South Africa, South Africa national team[249] Sydney Nomis, South Africa national team[249] John Raphael, Belgium/England, England national team[241] Wilf Rosenberg, South Africa; rugby union, and later rugby league[242][243] Myer Rosenblum, South Africa/Australia, flanker, Australia[248][255] Rupert Rosenblum, Australia, Australia national team.[256] Fred Smollan, South Africa, South Africa national team[249] Dr. Bethel Solomons, Ireland, forward, Ireland national team Joel Stransky, South Africa, fly-half, South Africa national team., kicked winning points in 1995 Rugby World Cup[248][249] Zack Test, US, wing/fullback, US national sevens team[257] Morris Zimerman, South Africa[249] Sailing[edit] Gal Fridman Shahar Tzuberi Daniel Adler, Brazil, Olympic silver (yachting; sailing class)[41] Jo Aleh, New Zealand, sailor, Olympic champion (470 class), world champion (420 class)[258][259] Tony Bullimore, British, yachtsman[260] Zefania Carmel, Israel, yachtsman, world champion (420 class)[62] Don Cohan, US, Olympic bronze (yachting; dragon class)[41] Gal Fridman, Israel, windsurfer, 2004 Olympic gold medalist (Israel's first gold medalist), 1996 Olympic bronze medalist (Mistral class)[261] Robert Halperin, US, yachting (star-class)[41] Peter Jaffe, Great Britain, Olympic silver (yachting; star-class)[41] Lee Korzits, Israel, windsurfer, 4x world champion (RS:X)[177] Lydia Lazarov, Israel, yachtsman, world champion (420 class)[62] Valentyn Mankin, Soviet/Ukraine, only sailor in Olympic history to win gold medals in three different classes (yachting: finn class, tempest class, and star class), silver (yachting, tempest class)[41] Nimrod Mashiah, Israel, windsurfer, ranked # 1 in world (RS:X; 2010)[262] Mark Mendelblatt, US, Olympic sailor, 2x world silver (laser and sunfish), bronze (laser)[263][264] Robert Mosbacher, US, world championship gold & silver (dragon class), gold (soling class), and bronze (5.5 metre class)[34] Shahar Tzuberi, Israel, windsurfer, 2008 Olympic bronze medalist (RS:X discipline); 2009 & 2010 European Windsurf champion[265] Shooting[edit] Morris Fisher, US, 5x Olympic champion (2x team free rifle; 300 m free rifle, 3 positions; 600 m free rifle; team 300 m military rifle, prone)[26] Guy Starik, Israel, world record in 50 m rifle prone[266] Lev Vainshtein, USSR (Russia), 3x team world champion (25 m & 50 m pistol) and Olympic bronze medalist (300 m rifle)[267] Skiing[edit] Arielle Gold, American snowboarder, world champion[268] Taylor Gold, American snowboarder[268] Virgile Vandeput, Israel, Belgian-born, slalom & giant slalom skier, Olympian[106] Speed skating[edit] Andy Gabel, US, Olympic silver (5,000 meter short track relay)[34][121] Rafayel Grach, USSR, Olympic silver (500 m), bronze (500 m)[41] Irving Jaffee, US, 2x Olympic champion (5,000-meter, 10,000-meter), world records (mile, 25 miles)[8] Dan Weinstein, US, short-track, 3x world champion (2x team 1,000 meters, team short-track 5,000 meters)[99][121] Swimming[edit] Jason Lezak Dara Torres Margarete "Grete" Adler, Austria, Olympic bronze (4x100-meter (m) freestyle relay)[269] Vadim Alexeev, Kazakhstan-born Israeli, breaststroke[270] Semyon Belits-Geiman, USSR, Olympic silver (400 m freestyle relay) and bronze (800 m freestyle relay); world record in men's 800-m freestyle[41] Adi Bichman, Israel (400 m and 800-m freestyle, 400-m medley)[271] Damián Blaum, Argentina, open water Gérard Blitz, Belgium, Olympic bronze (100 m backstroke), International Swimming Hall of Fame[41] Yoav Bruck, Israel (50 m freestyle and 100-m freestyle)[23] Tiffany Cohen, US, 2x Olympic champion (400 m and 800-m freestyle); 2x Pan American champion (400 m and 800-m freestyle), International Swimming Hall of Fame[272] Anthony Ervin, US, Olympic champion (50 m freestyle), silver (400 m freestyle relay); 2x world champion (50 m freestyle, 100-m freestyle)[37] Scott Goldblatt, US, Olympic champion (4x200-m freestyle relay), silver (800 m freestyle relay); world championships silver (4x200-m freestyle), bronze (4x200-m freestyle)[272] Eran Groumi, Israel (100 and 200 m backstroke, 100-m butterfly)[23] Andrea Gyarmati, Hungary, Olympic silver (100 m backstroke) and bronze (100 m butterfly); world championships bronze (200 m backstroke), International Swimming Hall of Fame[41] Alfréd Hajós (born "Arnold Guttmann"), Hungary, 3x Olympic champion (100 m freestyle, 800-m freestyle relay, 1,500-m freestyle), International Swimming Hall of Fame[62] Michael "Miki" Halika, Israel, 200-m butterfly, 200- and 400-m individual medley[23] Judith Haspel (born "Judith Deutsch"), Austrian-born Israeli, held every Austrian women's middle and long distance freestyle record in 1935, refused to represent Austria in 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ruth Langer and Lucie Goldner, protesting Hitler, stating, "I refuse to enter a contest in a land which so shamefully persecutes my people."[273] Otto Herschmann, Austria, Olympic 2-silver (in fencing/team sabre and 100-m freestyle); arrested by Nazis, and died in Izbica concentration camp[8] Ziv Kalontarov, Israel, European Games champion (50 m freestyle)[274] Lenny Krayzelburg, Ukrainian-born US, 4x Olympic champion (100 m backstroke, 200-m backstroke, twice 4x100-m medley relay); 3x world champion (100 m and 200-m backstroke, 4×100-m medley) and 2x silver (4×100-m medley, 50-m backstroke); 3 world records (50-, 100-, and 200-m backstroke)[272] Herbert Klein, Germany, Olympic bronze (200 m breaststroke); 3 world records[41] Dan Kutler, US-born Israeli (100 m butterfly, 4×100-m medley relay)[275] Keren Leibovitch, Israeli Paralympic swimmer, 3x world champion, 3 world records (100 m and 200-m backstroke; 100-m freestyle), and 8x Paralympic medal winner[276] Jason Lezak, US, 4x Olympic champion (twice 4 × 100 medley relay, 4 × 400 medley relay, 4x100 freestyle relay), silver (400 m freestyle relay), 2x bronze (100 m freestyle, 4x100 freestyle relay); 8x world champion (4x 4x100-m medley, 3x 4x100-m freestyle, 100-m freestyle), silver (4x100-m medley), bronze (4x100-m freestyle)[272] Klara Milch, Austria, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)[41] József Munk, Hungary, Olympic silver (4x200-m freestyle relay)[41] Alfred "Artem" Nakache, France; world record (200 m breaststroke), one-third of French 2x world record (3x100 relay team); imprisoned by Nazis in Auschwitz, where his wife and daughter were killed[8] Paul Neumann, Austria, Olympic champion (500 m freestyle)[8] Sarah Poewe, South African-born German, Olympic bronze (4 × 100 medley relay)[41] Marilyn Ramenofsky, US, Olympic silver (400 m freestyle); 3x world record for 400-m freestyle[8] Keena Rothhammer, US, Olympic champion (800 m freestyle) and bronze (200 m freestyle); world champion (200 m freestyle) and silver (400 m freestyle), International Swimming Hall of Fame[26] Albert Schwartz, US, Olympic bronze (100 m freestyle)[41] Otto Scheff (born "Otto Sochaczewsky"), Austria, Olympic champion (400 m freestyle) and 2x bronze (400 m freestyle, 1,500-m freestyle)[41] Mark Spitz, US, Olympic champion (9 golds (400 m freestyle relay twice, 800-m freestyle relay twice, 100-m freestyle, 200-m freestyle, 100-m butterfly, 200-m butterfly, 400-m medley relay), 1 silver (100 m butterfly), 1 bronze (100 m freestyle)), has the second-most gold medals won in a single Olympic Games (7); 5x Pam Am champion; 10x Maccabiah champion; world records (100- and 200-m freestyle, 100- and 200-m butterfly), International Swimming Hall of Fame[277] Josephine Sticker, Austria, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)[41] Tal Stricker, Israel (100- and 200-m breaststroke, 4×100-m medley relay)[278] László Szabados, Hungary, Olympic bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay)[41] András Székely, Hungary, Olympic silver (200 m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay); died in a Nazi concentration camp[41] Éva Székely, Hungary, Olympic champion & silver (200 m breaststroke); International Swimming Hall of Fame; mother of Andrea Gyarmati[8] Lejzor Ilja Szrajbman, Poland, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay; killed by the Nazis in Majdanek concentration camp[26][279] Judit Temes, Hungary, Olympic champion (4×100-m freestyle), bronze (100 m freestyle)[34] Dara Torres, US, Olympic 4x champion (400 m freestyle relay, 4x100-m freestyle relay twice, 4x100-m medley relay), 4x silver (50 m freestyle, 2x 4x100-m freestyle, 4x100-m medley relay), 4x bronze (50 m freestyle, 100-m freestyle, 100-m butterfly, 4x100-m freestyle relay, 4x100-m medley relay); world championship silver (4x100-m freestyle); Pan American champion (4x100-m freestyle)[272] Eithan Urbach, Israel, backstroke, European championship silver & bronze (100 m backstroke)[280] Otto Wahle, Austria/US, 2x Olympic silver (1,000 m freestyle, 200-m obstacle race) and bronze (400 m freestyle); International Swimming Hall of Fame[41] Garrett Weber-Gale, US, 2x Olympic champion (4x100 freestyle relay, 4 × 100 medley relay); world champion (3x 4x100-m freestyle, 4×100-m medley), silver (4×200-m freestyle)[272] Wendy Weinberg, US, Olympic bronze (800 m freestyle); Pan American champion (800 m freestyle)[41] Ben Wildman-Tobriner, US, Olympic champion (4x100-m freestyle relay); world champion (2x 4x100-m freestyle, 50-m freestyle)[41][272] Imre Zachár, Hungary, Olympic silver (4x200-m freestyle relay)[41] Table tennis[edit] Ruth Aarons, US, 2x world champion[121] Viktor Barna (born "Gyozo Braun"), Hungary/Britain, 22x world champion, International Table Tennis Foundation Hall of Fame ("ITTFHoF")[8] Laszlo Bellak, Hungary/US, 7x world champion, ITTFHoF[8] Richard Bergmann, Austria/Britain, 7x world champion, ITTFHoF[8] Alojzy Ehrlich, Poland, 3 times won silver and 1 time won bronze in the World Championships,incarcerated by the Nazis in Auschwitz, represented France after 1945. Gertrude "Traute" Kleinová, Czechoslovakia, 3x world champion, incarcerated by the Nazis in Theresienstadt and Auschwitz[8] Marina Kravchenko, Ukrainian-born Israeli, Soviet and Israel national teams[281] Dick Miles, US, 10x US champion[121] Ivor Montagu, Britain, national team[8] Leah Neuberger (Thall), "Miss Ping", US, 29x US champion[8] Marty Reisman, US, 3x national champion[121] Angelica Rozeanu (Adelstin), Romania/Israel, 17x world champion, ITTFHoF[8] Anna Sipos, Hungary, 11x world champion, ITTFHoF[8] Miklos Szabados, Hungary/Australia, 15x world champion[8] Pablo Tabachnik, Argentina, national team David Zalcberg, Australia, national team[281] Sandor Glancz, Hungary Tennis[edit] Andy Ram and Jonathan Erlich Jesse Levine Camila Giorgi Nicolás Massú Shahar Pe'er Michael Russell Dudi Sela Noam Behr, Israel[282] Ilana Berger, Israel[283] Jay Berger, US, USTA boys 18s singles champion, highest world ranking # 7[48] Gilad Bloom, Israel[284] Elise Burgin, US, highest world singles ranking # 22, highest world doubles ranking # 8[7] Angela Buxton, England, won 1956 French Women's Doubles (w/Althea Gibson) and 1956 Wimbledon Women's Doubles (w/Gibson), highest world ranking # 9[48][285] Audra Cohen, US, 2007 NCAA Women's Singles champion[34] Julia Cohen, US, USTA girls 12s & 18s singles champion[286] Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro, France[34] Brian Dabul, Argentina, former #1 junior in the world Pierre Darmon, France, highest world ranking # 8[8] Jonathan Erlich, Israel, won 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Andy Ram), highest world doubles ranking # 5[285][287] Gastón Etlis, Argentina[282] Sharon Fichman, Canada[288] Herbert Flam, US, 2x USTA boys 18s singles champion, highest world ranking # 5[8] Allen Fox, US[289] Mike Franks, US[290] Brad Gilbert, US, highest world ranking # 4, Olympic bronze (singles)[48] Justin Gimelstob, US, USTA boys 16s & 18s singles champion, won 1998 Australian Open Mixed Doubles (w/Venus Williams) and 1998 French Open Mixed Doubles (w/Venus Williams)[285] Camila Giorgi, Italy[291] Shlomo Glickstein, Israel[48] Julia Glushko, Israel[292] Grant Golden, US[10] Paul Goldstein, US, USTA boys 16s & 2x 18s singles champion[293] Brian Gottfried, US, USTA boys 12s & 2x 18s singles champion, won 1975 & 1977 French Open Men's Doubles (w/Raúl Ramírez), and 1976 Wimbledon Men's Doubles (w/Ramirez), highest world ranking # 3[23] Jim Grabb, US, won 1989 French Open Men's Doubles (w/Richey Reneberg) and 1992 US Open Men's Doubles (w/Patrick McEnroe), highest world doubles ranking # 1[285] Seymour Greenberg, US[294] Julie Heldman, US, US girls 15s & 18s singles champion, highest world ranking # 5[295] Helen Jacobs, won 1932–35 US Women's Singles, 1932–35 US Women's Doubles (w/Sarah Palfrey Cooke), 1934 US Mixed (w/George Lott), and 1936 Wimbledon Women's Singles, highest world singles ranking # 1[285] Martín Jaite, Argentina, highest world ranking # 10[48] Anita Kanter, US, US girls 18s singles champion[296] Ilana Kloss, South Africa, won 1976 US Open Women's Doubles (w/Linky Boshoff), highest world doubles ranking # 1[295] Zsuzsa Körmöczy, Hungary, won 1958 French Singles[285] Aaron Krickstein, US, USTA boys 16s & 18s singles champion, highest world ranking # 6[48] Jesse Levine, Canada/US[297] Harel Levy, Israel[34] Evgenia Linetskaya, Israel Scott Lipsky, US, USTA # 1 junior in singles (1995) and doubles (1995–97); won 2011 French Open Mixed Doubles (w/Casey Dellacqua)[298] Amos Mansdorf, Israel[48] Nicolás Massú, Chile, highest world ranking # 9, 2x Olympic champion (singles & doubles)[282] Sam Match, US[299] Tzipora Obziler, Israel[34] Wayne Odesnik, US[300] Tom Okker, Dutch, won 1973 French Open Men's Doubles (w/John Newcombe), 1976 US Open Men's Doubles (w/Marty Riessen), highest world ranking # 3 in singles, and # 1 in doubles[62][285] Noam Okun, Israel[297] Shahar Pe'er, Israel, highest world ranking # 11[287] Shahar Perkiss, Israel[34] Felix Pipes, Austria, Olympic silver (doubles)[41] Daniel Prenn, Germany & Britain, highest world ranking # 6[8] Henry Prusoff, US[301] Andy Ram, Israel, won 2006 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles (w/Vera Zvonareva), 2007 French Open Mixed Doubles (w/Nathalie Dechy), 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Jonathan Erlich), highest world doubles ranking # 5[287] Eyal Ran, Israel[302] Renée Richards, US[303] Sergio Roitman, Argentina[304] Michael Russell, US, ranked # 1 in USTA Boys 16s & 18s, all-time-record 23 USTA Pro Circuit singles titles[305] Dick Savitt, US, won 1951 Wimbledon Men's Singles, highest world ranking # 2[295] Diego Sebastián Schwartzman, Argentina[306] Vic Seixas, US, won 1952 US Men's Doubles (w/Mervyn Rose), 1953 Wimbledon Men's Singles, 1953 & 1955 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles (w/Doris Hart), 1953 French Mixed Doubles (w/Hart), 1953–55 US Mixed Doubles (w/Hart), 1954 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles (w/Hart), 1954 US Men's, 1954 US Men's Doubles (w/Tony Trabert), 1954–55 French Men's Doubles (w/Trabert), 1955 Australian Men's Doubles (w/Trabert), and 1956 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles (w/Shirley Fry)[285] Dudi Sela, Israel[297] Julius Seligson, US, 2x boys 18s singles champion[307] Anna Smashnova, Israel, highest world ranking # 15[282] Harold Solomon, US, US boys 18s singles champion, highest world ranking # 5[23] Andrew Sznajder, Canada[34] Brian Teacher, US, US boys 18s singles champion, won 1980 Australian Open Singles, highest world ranking # 7[285] Eliot Teltscher, US, won 1983 French Open Mixed Doubles (w/Barbara Jordan), highest world ranking # 6[48][285] Steve Meister, US Track and field[edit] Danielle Frenkel Deena (Drossin) Kastor Harold Abrahams, Britain, sprinter, Olympic champion (100 metre sprint) & silver (4 × 100 m relay)[308] Sir Sidney Abrahams, Britain, Olympic long jumper[309] Jo Ankier, Britain, record holder (1,500m & 3,000m steeplechase)[310] Gerry Ashworth, US, Olympic champion (4x100-m relay)[8] Aleksandr Averbukh, Israel, 2002 & 2006 European champion (pole vault)[311] Mykola Avilov, USSR, decathlon, world record; Olympic champion & bronze[312][313] Seteng Ayele, Ethiopia-Israel, Olympic marathon [314] Gretel Bergmann, German Jewish high jumper Ödön Bodor, Hungary, Olympic bronze (medley relay)[26] Louis "Pinky" Clarke, US, world record (100 m); Olympic champion (4 × 100 m)[26] Lillian Copeland, US, world records (javelin, discus throw, and shot put); Olympic champion & silver {discus}[8][315] Ibolya Csák, Hungary, Olympic champion & European champion high jumper[316] Daniel Frank, US, long jump, Olympic silver[26] Danielle Frenkel, Israel, high jumper, 2x national champion[317] Hugo Friend, US, long jump, Olympic bronze[26] Jim Fuchs, US, shot put & discus, 2x Olympic bronze (shot put); 4x shot put world record holder, 2x Pan American champions (shot put & discus)[26] Marty Glickman, US, sprinter & broadcaster; US Olympic team, All American (football)[311] Milton Green, US, world records (45-yard & 60-m high hurdles)[8] Gary Gubner, US, world shotput records, weightlifter[8] Lilli Henoch, Germany, world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay); shot by the Nazis in Latvia[8] Maria Leontyavna Itkina, USSR, sprinter, world records (400 m & 220 yards (200 m), and 800-m relay)[8] Clare Jacobs, US, pole vaulter, Olympic bronze, world indoor record[26] Harry Kane, British hurdler, held national records in the 1950s Deena (Drossin) Kastor, US, long-distance & marathon runner, US records (marathon & half-marathon); Olympic bronze (marathon)[311] Elias Katz, Finland, Olympic champion (3,000 m team steeplechase) & silver (3,000 m steeplechase)[8] Abel Kiviat, US, world records (2,400-yard relay & 1,500-m); Olympic champion (3,000 m team) & silver (1,500-m)[8] Mór Kóczán, Hungary, javelin, Olympic bronze[26] Svetlana Krachevskaya, USSR, shot put, Olympic silver[26] Vera Krepkina, USSR, Olympic champion (long jump), world records (100 m dash & 4x100-m)[26] Shaul Ladany, Yugoslavian-born Israeli racewalker, world record holder in the 50-mile walk, former world champion in the 100-kilometer walk[318][319] Margaret Bergmann Lambert, US, champion (high jump & shotput), British high jump champion[320] Henry Laskau, German-born US racewalker, won 42 national titles; Pan American champion; 4x Maccabiah champion[8] Faina Melnik, Ukrainian-born USSR, 11 world records; Olympic discus throw champion[8] Alvah Meyer, US, runner, 2 world records (60 y & 300 y); Olympic silver (100 m)[26] Lon Myers, US, sprinter, world records (quarter-mile, 100-yard, 440-yard (400 m), and 880-yard)[8] Micheline Ostermeyer, France, 2x Olympic champion (shot put & discus), bronze (high jump)[26] Zhanna Pintusevich-Block, Ukraine, sprinter, world 100-m & 200-m champion[311] Olesya Povh, Ukraine, Olympic bronze & world bronze (4x100 sprint relay)[321] Irina Press, USSR, 2x Olympic champion (80 m hurdles & pentathlon)[41] Tamara Press, USSR, 6 world records (shot put & discus); 3x Olympic champion (2x shot put & discus) and silver (discus)[41] Myer Prinstein, US, world record (long jump); 3x Olympic champion (2x triple jump & long jump) and silver (long jump)[8] Fanny "Bobbie" Rosenfeld, Canada, runner & long jumper, world record (100-yard dash); Olympic champion (4x100-m relay) & silver (100-m)[8] Linda Tregar Esterman Silverman, England, former shot put coach, Essex Ladies and Taunton Athletics Club Steven Solomon, Australia, sprinter, 2x Australian 400 metres champion[258] Sam Stoller, US, world indoor record (60-yard dash)[322] Dwight Stones, US, world record (high jump); 2x Olympic bronze[323][324] Irena Szewinska, Poland, sprinter & long jumper, world records (100-m, 200-m, and 400-m); 3x Olympic champion (4x100-m, 200-m, 400-m), 2 silver (200 m & long jump), and 2 bronze 1968 (100 m & 200-m)[8] Jadwiga Wajs, Poland, 2 world records (discus); Olympic silver & bronze (discus)[26] Triathlon[edit] Joanna Zeiger, US, triathlete, Ironman 70.3 world champion; world record (half ironman)[37][325] Volleyball[edit] Nelly Abramova, USSR, Olympic silver[41] Doug Beal, US, player & coach, national team[8] Adriana Behar, Brazil, beach player; 2x Olympic silver; Pan American champion; 2x world champion[326] Larisa Bergen, USSR, Olympic silver[26] Yefim Chulak, USSR, Olympic silver, bronze[41] Marcelo Elgarten, Brazil, Olympic silver[327] Dan Greenbaum, US, Olympic bronze[41] Waldo Kantor, Argentina, Olympic bronze Nataliya Kushnir, USSR, Olympic silver[41] Yevgeny Lapinsky, USSR, Olympic champion, bronze[26] Georgy Mondzolevsky, USSR, 2x Olympic champion, 2x world champion[41] Vladimir Patkin, USSR, Olympic silver, bronze[26] Bernard Rajzman, Brazil, Olympic silver; Pan American champion; world silver[41] Aryeh "Arie" Selinger, US & Dutch, player & coach[328] Avital Selinger, Dutch, Olympic silver[41] Eugene Selznick, US, 2x world champion, 2x Pan American champion, Hall of Fame[62] Yuriy Venherovsky, USSR, Olympic champion[41] Chagai Zamir, Israel, 4x Paralympic Games champion[8] Water polo[edit] Róbert Antal, Hungary, Olympic champion[41] Peter Asch, US, Olympic bronze[41] István Barta, Hungary, Olympic champion, gold[8] Gerard Blitz, Belgium, 2x Olympic silver, 2x bronze (one in swimming—100-m backstroke), International Swimming Hall of Fame, son of Maurice Blitz[41] Maurice Blitz, Belgium, 2x Olympic silver, father of Gérard Blitz[41] György Bródy, Hungary, goalkeeper, 2x Olympic champion[8] Henri Cohen, Belgium, Olympic silver[41] Kurt Epstein, Czechoslovak national team, Olympic competitor[329][330] Boris Goikhman, USSR, goalkeeper, Olympic silver, bronze[41] György Kárpáti, Hungary, 3x Olympic champion, 1x bronze[26] Stuart Kramm..Irish Champion and Olympic Team member. Mihály Mayer, Hungary, 2x Olympic champion, 2x bronze[26] Nikolai Melnikov, USSR, Olympic champion[26] Merrill Moses, US, goalkeeper, Olympic silver, Pan American champion[41] Miklós Sárkány, Hungary, 2x Olympic champion[8] Weightlifting[edit] David Mark Berger, US-born Israeli, Maccabiah champion (middleweight); killed by terrorists in the Munich Massacre[331] Isaac "Ike" Berger, US, Olympic champion (featherweight), 2x silver; 2x Pan American champion; 23 world records[8] Robert Fein, US, Olympic champion (lightweight)[41] Gary Gubner, US, 4 junior world records (heavyweight); 3x Maccabiah champion (weightlifting, shot put, discus)[8] Hans Haas, Austria, Olympic champion (lightweight), silver[41] Ben Helfgott, Polish-born British, 3x British champion (lightweight), 3x Maccabiah champion; survived Buchenwald and Theresienstadt concentration camps, as all but one other of his family were killed by the Nazis[8] Moisei Kas’ianik, Ukrainian-born USSR, world champion[267] Edward Lawrence Levy, Great Britain, world weightlifting champion; 14 world records[8] Grigory Novak, Soviet, Olympic silver (middle-heavyweight); world champion[8] Rudolf Plyukfelder, Soviet, Olympic champion, 2x world champion (light heavyweight)[26] David Rigert, Kazakh-born USSR, Olympic champion, 5x world champion (light-heavyweight and heavyweight), 68 world records[26] Igor Rybak, Ukrainian-born USSR, Olympic champion (lightweight)[41] Valery Shary, Byelorussian-born USSR, Olympic champion (light-heavyweight)[41] Frank Spellman, US, Olympic champion (middleweight); world record; Maccabiah champion[8] Reuven Helman, Maccabiah Olympian and Israeli Weightlifting Champion. Wrestling[edit] Lindsey Durlacher, US, world bronze (Greco-Roman)[332] Grigorii Gamarnik, USSR, world champion (Greco-Roman lightweight), world championship silver[267] Samuel Gerson, Ukrainian-born US, Olympic silver (freestyle featherweight)[41] Boris Maksovich Gurevich, Soviet, Olympic champion (Greco-Roman flyweight), 2x world champion[8] Boris Michail Gurevitsch, USSR, Olympic champion (freestyle middleweight), 2x world champion[41] Nickolaus "Mickey" Hirschl, Austria, 2x Olympic bronze (heavyweight freestyle and Greco-Roman)[8] Oleg Karavaev, USSR, Olympic champion (Greco-Roman bantamweight), 2x world champion[333] Károly Kárpáti (also "Károly Kellner"), Hungary, Olympic champion (freestyle lightweight), silver[8] Abraham Kurland, Denmark, Olympic silver (Greco-Roman lightweight)[41] Len Levy, US, NCAA national champion[334] Fred Meyer, US, Olympic bronze (freestyle heavyweight)[41] Fred Oberlander, Austrian, British, and Canadian wrestler; world champion (freestyle heavyweight); Maccabiah champion[8] Yakov Punkin, Soviet, Olympic champion (Greco-Roman featherweight)[41] Samuel Rabin, Great Britain, Olympic bronze (freestyle middleweight)[41] David Rudman, USSR, USSR 6x wrestling champion and 6x sambo champion, sambo world champion, 2x European judo champion[267] Richárd Weisz, Hungary, Olympic champion (Greco-Roman super heavyweight)[8] Henry Wittenberg, US, Olympic champion (freestyle light-heavyweight), silver[8] Professional wrestling[edit] Kelly Kelly (Barbie Blank), US, former WWE Divas Champion Jason Albert (Matt Bloom; aka "Albert", "A-Train", and "Tensai"), US, Intercontinental Champion and IWGP World Tag Team Champion[335] Wayne Bloom (Beau Beverly), member of WWE Tag Team the Beverly Brothers Evan Bourne (Matt Korklan; aka Matt Sydal), US, WWE Tag Team Champion[336] Colt Cabana (Scott Colton), US, aka as "Scotty Goldman", 2x NWA World Heavyweight Champion[336] Diamond Dallas Page (Page Joseph Falkinburg, Jr.), US, 3x WCW World Heavyweight Champion and 1x WWE European Champion and WWE Tag Team Champion[336] Howard Finkel, WWE Hall of Fame announcer. Bill Goldberg, US, 1x WCW World Heavyweight Champion and 1xWWE World Heavyweight Champion, longest winning streak in professional wrestling[336][337] Barry Horowitz, US[336] Butch Levy (Len Levy), US, 2x NWA World Tag Team Champion Boris Malenko (Lawrence Simon), US, multiple championships throughout the 1960s and 70s Chad Malenko (Chad Collyer), US, 4x RQW Heavyweight Champion Dean Malenko (Dean Simon), US, 2x WWF Light Heavyweight Champion[336] Raven (Scott Levy), US, 2x ECW World Heavyweight Champion, and NWA World Heavyweight Champion[336] Randy Savage (Randall Poffo), US, 2x WWF World Heavyweight Champion and WCW World Heavyweight Champion[338] "Leapin'" Lanny Poffo ("The Genius"), US, Savage's brother Commissioners, managers/coaches and owners[edit] Roman Abramovich Red Auerbach Brad Ausmus Mark Cuban David Stern Alon Yefet Roman Abramovich, Russia, owner of Chelsea Football Club[339] Leslie Alexander, US, owner of Houston Rockets; former owner of Houston Comets[34] Ray Arcel, US, boxing trainer; trained 18 world champions[295] Micky Arison, Israel/US, owner of Miami Heat[34] Red Auerbach, US, guard, NBA coach (9 championships) & GM, Hall of Fame[340] Brad Ausmus, US, catcher, All-Star, 3x Gold Glove, manager of the Detroit Tigers[2] Big Bill Bachrach, US, swimming coach, International Swimming Hall of Fame[8] Steve Ballmer, US, owner of the Los Angeles Clippers Gary Bettman, US, National Hockey League Commissioner[34] Morris "Whitey" Bimstein, US, boxing trainer[341] Arthur Blank, US, owner of Atlanta Falcons and Georgia Force[34] David Blatt, US, college & Israeli professional guard, NBA coach, Cleveland Cavaliers[342] Steve Bornstein, US, President & CEO of NFL Network[343] Francis Borelli, France, former President (Paris Saint-Germain Football Club, AS Cannes) Norman Braman, US, former owner of Philadelphia Eagles[344] Larry Brown, US, basketball player & pro and college coach, currently at Southern Methodist University[8] Alfréd Brüll, Hungary, chairman of sports club MTK[345] Alan N. Cohen, US, former owner of New York Knicks and New York Rangers, co-owner of Boston Celtics and New Jersey Nets, and Chairman & CEO of Madison Square Garden Corporation[346] Mark Cohon, Canada, Canadian Football League Commissioner[347] Uri Coronel, Dutch, former Chairman of Ajax Amsterdam[348] Mark Cuban, US, owner of Dallas Mavericks[34] Keith Dambrot, US, men's basketball coach (University of Akron)[349] William Davidson, US, Chairman of Palace Sports and Entertainment, principal owner of Detroit Pistons, Detroit Shock of the WNBA, and Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL[87] Al Davis, US, owner/coach of Oakland Raiders[34] Barney Dreyfuss, US, owner of Pittsburgh Pirates[62] Baseball Hall of Fame Steve Ellman, US, owner of Phoenix Coyotes[34] Nikolay Epshtein, Soviet ice hockey coach[8] Charlotte "Eppie" Epstein, US, coach, International Swimming Hall of Fame[8] Theo Epstein, US, president of baseball operations (Chicago Cubs); former General Manager, Boston Red Sox[350] Lawrence Frank, US, head coach (New Jersey Nets, 2004–10; Detroit Pistons, 2011-13)[34] Marty Friedman, US, basketball player & coach[48] Don Garber, US, Major League Soccer Commissioner[34] Arcadi Gaydamak, Russia, owner of Beitar Jerusalem F.C.[351] Alexandre Gaydamak, France & Russia, co-owner & Chairman of Portsmouth F.C.[352] Dan Gilbert, US, owner of Cleveland Cavaliers[34] Gary Gilbert, Part owner of Cleveland Cavaliers, Brother of Dan Gilbert. Sid Gillman, US, football player & coach[353] Avram Glazer, US, joint chairman of Manchester United board[354] Joel Glazer, US, joint chairman of Manchester United[354] Malcolm Glazer, US, owner of Tampa Bay Buccaneers, majority owner of Manchester United[34] Alexander Gomelsky, Russia, head coach of USSR national team for 30 years, including victory in 1988 Summer Olympics, Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame, FIBA Hall of Fame[8] Samuel Goodman, US, manager of gold-winning US Olympic rugby[241] Eddie Gottlieb, Ukraine-born US, first basketball coach, manager, and owner of Philadelphia Warriors in the BAA/NBA, NBA founder[8] Avram Grant, Israel, manager[355] Brad Greenberg, US, men's basketball coach (Radford University)[349][356] Chuck Greenberg, US, co-owner of Texas Rangers Seth Greenberg, US, men's basketball coach (Virginia Tech)[357] Ernie Grunfeld, US, basketball player & GM (Washington Wizards)[358] Ludwig Guttmann, Germany, founder of the Paralympics[359] Sydney Halter, Canada, first commissioner of the Canadian Football League[360] Cecil Hart, Canada, hockey coach/manager (Montreal Canadiens); original Hart Trophy named after father David, & current one after him[361] Leon Hess, US, owner of New York Jets[362] Paul Heyman, US, professional wrestling manager[363] Melissa Hiatt, US, professional wrestling manager Nat Holman, US, basketball player & coach[364] Red Holzman, US, basketball player & coach[364] Jed Hoyer, US, Executive VP and General Manager (Chicago Cubs); former General Manager, San Diego Padres[365] Yoel Judah, US, boxer & trainer[366] Cary Kaplan, Canada, President & General Manager, Brampton Beast and president of Cosmos Sports. Jonathan Kaplan, South Africa, world record for refereeing highest number of international rugby union test matches[367] Daryl Katz, Canada, owner of Edmonton Oilers[288] Raanan Katz, Israel, part owner of Miami Heat & owner of Maccabi Tel Aviv[343] Eugene Klein, US, owner of San Diego Chargers and part owner of Seattle SuperSonics [8] Louis "Red" Klotz, US, NBA 5' 7" point guard[8] Herb Kohl, US, former owner of Milwaukee Bucks (1985–2014)[34] Béla Komjádi, Hungary, coach, International Swimming Hall of Fame[8] Bob Kraft, US, owner of New England Patriots & New England Revolution[34] Jerry Krause, US, former General Manager (Chicago Bulls)[368] Kurt Landauer, Germany, President of Bayern Munich[369] Manny Leibert, US, boxing manager & coach, Connecticut Boxing Hall of Fame[50] Al Lerner, US, owner of Cleveland Browns[34] Randy Lerner, US, owner of Cleveland Browns & Aston Villa[370] Ted Lerner and family, US, owners of Washington Nationals[155] Randy Levine, US, president of New York Yankees[155] Tony Levine, US, football coach of University of Houston Cougars[371] Daniel Levy, England, Chairman of Tottenham Hotspur[372] Lenny Levy, US, coach (Pittsburgh Pirates)[373] Marv Levy, US, football coach & General Manager (Montreal Alouettes, Buffalo Bills)[374] Frank Lowy - businessman and chair (from 2003) of Football Federation Australia Jeffrey Lurie, US, owner of Philadelphia Eagles[34] Jamie McCourt, US, President of Los Angeles Dodgers[375] Art Modell, US, former owner of Baltimore Ravens[34] Cecil Moss, coach of Springboks rugby team.[376] Josh Pastner, US, men's basketball head coach (University of Memphis)[349] Gabe Paul, US, baseball President & General Manager (Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees)[377] Bruce Pearl, US, men's basketball coach, Auburn University[37] José Pekerman, Argentina, Argentine football manager[378] David Pleat, England, football manager, Tottenham Hotspur, Luton Town[379] Maurice Podoloff, Ukraine-born US, 1st president of the National Basketball Association[380] Abe Pollin, US, owner of Washington Wizards, former owner of NHL's Washington Capitals & WNBA's Washington Mystics[34] Jaap van Praag, Dutch, President of Ajax Amsterdam 1964–78[381] Michael van Praag, Dutch, President of Ajax Amsterdam, 1989–2002[158] Bela Rajki-Reich, Hungary, swimming and water polo coach[8] Bruce Ratner, US, minority owner of Brooklyn Nets[34] Jimmie Reese, US, second baseman, coach[2] Jerry Reinsdorf, US, owner of Chicago Bulls & Chicago White Sox[34] Carroll Rosenbloom US, owner of Baltimore Colts & Los Angeles Rams Chip Rosenbloom, US, owner of St. Louis Rams[382] Stephen M. Ross, US, owner of Miami Dolphins[155] Ernie Roth, US, professional wrestling manager[383] Alan Rothenberg, US, former President of the United States Soccer Federation; former executive and investor of the defunct North American Soccer League.[384] Currently serving as Vice-President of the North American governing body of association football (CONCACAF) [385] Henry Samueli, US, owner of Anaheim Ducks, founder of Broadcom Corporation[34] Abe Saperstein, UK-born US, founder & owner of Harlem Globetrotters also related to Ashley Taylor and Hallie Ariel[386] Dolph Schayes, US, basketball player & coach[155] Howard Schultz, US, owner of Seattle SuperSonics; founder of Starbucks[34] Bud Selig, US, Major League Baseball Commissioner[34] Mark Shapiro, US, General Manager (Cleveland Indians)[387] Allie Sherman, US, football player & coach, New York Giants[388] Norm Sherry, US, catcher, manager, and coach[2] Adam Silver, US, current commissioner of the National Basketball Association. Ed Snider, US, owner of Philadelphia Flyers[34] Daniel Snyder, US, owner of Washington Redskins[34] Donald Sterling, US, former owner of the Los Angeles Clippers[389] David Stern, US, former National Basketball Association Commissioner[34] Stuart Sternberg, US, owner of Tampa Bay Rays[34] Alan Sugar, England, Chairman of Tottenham Hotspur[390] Grigory Surkis, Ukraine, Chairman of Football Federation of Ukraine[391] Larry Tanenbaum, Canada, owner of Toronto Maple Leafs & Toronto Raptors[34] Preston Robert Tisch, US, from 1991 until his death in 2005 Tisch owned 50% of New York Giants American football team[155] Steve Tisch, US, part-owner of the New York Giants, son of Preston Tisch. Leonard Tose, US, owner of Philadelphia Eagles[392] Marc Trestman, US, NFL head coach (Chicago Bears, 2013–14)[393] Irina Viner, Russia, coach of multiple world and Olympic champions in rhythmic gymnastics, president of Russian Rhythmic Gymnastics Federation [394][395][396] Zygi Wilf, German-born US, principal owner of Minnesota Vikings[397] Fred Wilpon, US, owner of New York Mets[34] Jeff Wilpon, US, COO, New York Mets[21] Lewis Wolff, US, owner of Oakland Athletics[34] Brett Yormark, US, President & CEO of Barclays Center and the Brooklyn Nets[398] Officials and referees[edit] Menachem Ashkenazi, Bulgaria/Israel, association football, Olympic and World Cup referee[399] Norm Drucker, US, former NBA referee and Supervisor of Officials Leo Goldstein, US, association football, World Cup assistant referee[400] Jonathan Kaplan, South Africa, Rugby Union, most experienced Test referee of all time[401] Wolf Karni, Finland, association football, Olympic referee[402] Abraham Klein, Romania/Israel, association football, World Cup referee[403] Mendy Rudolph, NBA and ABA referee, Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame[404] Alon Yefet, Israel, association football, FIFA international referee[405] Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story Directed by Peter Miller Produced by Will Hechter Peter Miller Caroline Berler (Associate Producer) Amy Linton (Associate Producer) Anne-Marie Smith (Associate Producer) Written by Ira Berkow Narrated by Dustin Hoffman Music by Michael Roth Cinematography Antonio Rossi Stephen McCarthy Allen Moore Edited by Amy Linton Production company Clear Lake Historical Productions Distributed by Seventh Art Releasing Release dates July 25, 2010 (Stony Brook) November 5, 2010 (United States) Running time 91 minutes Country United States Language English Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story is a 2010 American documentary film narrated by Academy Award winner Dustin Hoffman, written by Pulitzer Prize winner Ira Berkow, and directed by award-winning documentary filmmaker Peter Miller. It is about the connection and history between American Jews and baseball.[1][2][3] Kenneth Turan of The Los Angeles Times, wrote that the "warm and enthusiastic" film "not only lives up to its title ... but also delivers a bit extra as well."[1] The documentary received the Best Editing Award at the Breckenridge Film Festival for Editor Amy Linton,[4] the Audience Choice Award at the 2011 Greater Phoenix Jewish Film Festival,[5] and the Audience Choice Award for Best Feature Documentary at the 2011 Seattle Jewish Film Festival.[6] Contents [hide] 1 Synopsis 1.1 Ballplayers, and interviewees 2 Release 3 Reception 3.1 Critical response 3.2 Awards 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 6.1 Books 7 External links Synopsis[edit] The film was written by Pulitzer Prize winner Ira Berkow, and narrated by actor Dustin Hoffman. It was directed by Peter Miller, a documentary filmmaker known for his previous films A Class Apart, Sacco and Vanzetti, and The Internationale.[1][7][8][9] Dustin Hoffman does not normally narrate films, and initially turned down the project. But when he looked at the script, he changed his mind, saying: "Oh, this is about bigotry and overcoming anti-Semitism, about discrimination and these issues that I grew up with, that really matters to me".[9] The film opens with a clip from the 1980 satirical comedy film Airplane!, in which a flight attendant is asked by a passenger if she has anything light to read. She responds by offering an ultra-thin leaflet, saying: "How about this leaflet, Famous Jewish Sports Legends?"[1] The stereotype of Jews as non-athletic, as well as anti-semitism, are two issues that many Jewish baseball players faced and had to overcome. Noted anti-semite Henry Ford wrote on May 22, 1920: “If fans wish to know the trouble with American baseball they have it in three words—too much Jew.”[10] A number of early Jewish ballplayers changed their names, so that it would not be apparent that they were Jewish.[10] The movie discusses the key Jewish ballplayers in each decade since baseball started in the 1860s, and how that helped Jews assimilate and counteract the stereotype of Jews as cerebral but non-athletic.[1][2][11][12] The film is in part about Jewish immigration and assimilation into American society, bigotry against Jews, the passing on of Jewish traditions even during assimilation, heroism, and the breaking of Jewish stereotypes.[2][11][12] Director Miller said: At its heart, this is a film about overcoming stereotypes. Bigotry against Jews has faded a great deal... The story of a once-marginalized people finding their way into the American mainstream offers lessons for a country that continues to grapple with its ideal as a place where talent should overcome prejudice, where we can retain our differences while still being American, where anyone who can hit or pitch or run can be a part of the magic and drama of our national game.[13] The documentary contains rare archival footage and photos, and music ranging from Benny Goodman to Yo-Yo Ma to Rush.[2] Ballplayers, and interviewees[edit] The documentary highlights Al Rosen (rookie of the year in 1950, and MVP in 1953), who is frank about how he dealt with anti-Semitism: "There's a time that you let it be known that enough is enough.... You flatten [them]."[14] It also discusses Moe Berg ("he spoke seven languages, and couldn't hit in any of them"), Lipman Pike (led the National Association in home runs three times), pitcher Barney Pelty (the "Yiddish Curver"), "Subway Sam" Nahem, Moe Solomon ("The Rabbi of Swat"), and Shawn Green.[1][9] Those interviewed also include Norm Sherry, Ron Blomberg, Elliott Maddox, and Bob Feller.[1][2][15] Also featured in the film are Norm Sherry, Ron Blomberg, Maury Allen, Larry King, Ron Howard, and Yogi Berra.[16][17] Sandy Koufax The documentary focuses especially on two players. One is Hank Greenberg, a two-time American League MVP, five-time All Star, and Hall of Famer. Anti-Semitic barbs directed at him from the stands served to motivate him, he said.[10] He sat out Yom Kippur during a tight pennant race on the advice of his mother.[1][9][12] The film notes a column in the Detroit Free Press, in which Edgar Guest wrote in response to Greenberg's absence from the lineup: “We shall miss him on the infield, and shall miss him at the bat, but he’s true to his religion and we honor him for that.”[10] The other is Sandy Koufax, Hall of Fame pitcher, three-time Cy Young Award winner, and 7-time All Star who sat out game one of the 1965 World Series game to observe Yom Kippur, going to synagogue. When Koufax went to synagogue instead of pitching the first game of the 1965 World Series, Don Drysdale replaced him and was bombed; when Dodgers Manager Walter Alston arrived at the mound to take him out of the game, Drysdale quipped: "Right now I bet you wish I was Jewish too."[18] Koufax agreed to a rare filmed interview for the documentary.[1][9][12][19] Jewish identity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on Jews and Judaism Star of David Etymology Who is a Jew? Jewish peoplehood Jewish identity Religion[show] Texts[show] Communities[show] Population[show] Denominations[show] Culture[show] Languages[show] History[show] Politics[show] Category Category Portal icon Judaism portal WikiProject WikiProject v t e Ashkenazi Jews praying in the synagogue on Yom Kippur, segregated by gender. Traditional elements shown include tallit, the torah and kippot. (1878 painting by Maurice Gottlieb) Jewish identity is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jewish.[1] Under a broader definition, Jewish identity does not depend on whether or not a person is regarded as a Jew by others, or by an external set of religious, or legal, or sociological norms. Jewish identity does not need to imply religious orthodoxy. Accordingly, Jewish identity can be cultural in nature. Jewish identity can involve ties to the Jewish community. Orthodox Judaism bases Jewishness on matrilineal descent. According to Jewish law (halacha), all those born of a Jewish mother are Jewish, regardless of personal beliefs or level of observance of Jewish law. Jews who are atheists may have a Jewish identity. While the absolute majority of people with this identity are of Jewish ethnicity, people of a mixed Jewish and non-Jewish background or gentiles of Jewish ancestry may still have a sense of Jewish self-identity. Contents [hide] 1 Categories 2 A cultural/ancestral concept 3 In contemporary sociology Salomeja Neris real name Salomeja Bacinskaite Buciene – the best known female poet during the interwar period Alfonsas Nyka Niliunas – lt Alfonsas Nyka Niliunas poet living in the United States Henrikas Radauskas – poet one of the major figures of Lithuanian literature in exile Šatrijos Ragana real name Marija Peckauskaite – female writer Balys Sruoga – writer poet playwright author of the novel The Forest of Gods Lithuanian Dievu miškas about his experience in the Stutthof concentration camp Antanas Strazdas – priest and poet signed in Polish as Antoni Drozdowski the best known work was Pulkim ant Keliu Let Us Fall On Our Knees and the poem The Thrush Antanas Škema – writer in exile author of surrealistic novel The White Cloth Lithuanian Balta drobule Yemima Tchernovitz Avidar – Israeli author Judita Vaiciunaite – lt Judita Vaiciunaite modern female poet exploring urban settings Juozas Tumas Vaižgantas real name Juozas Tumas – writer Indre Valantinaite born poet Tomas Venclova – poet political activist Antanas Vienuolis real name Žukauskas – writer a major figure in Lithuanian prose Vydunas real name Vilius Storostas – Lithuanian writer and philosopher leader of Lithuanian cultural movement in the Lithuania Minor at the beginning of the th century Žemaite real name Julija Beniuševiciute Žymantiene – one of the best known female writers Theater and cinema edit See also List of Lithuanian actors Regimantas Adomaitis – theatre and film actor successful both in Lithuania and Russia Donatas Banionis – actor and star of Tarkovsky s Solaris Arturas Barysas – "counter culture" actor singer photographer and filmmaker known as the father of modern Lithuanian avant garde Šarunas Bartas – modern film director Ingeborga Dapkunaite – internationally successful actress Gediminas Girdvainis – lt Gediminas Girdvainis prolific theatre and movie actor Rolandas Kazlas – well known comedy actor Oskaras Koršunovas – best known modern theater director Jurgis Maciunas – initiator of Fluxus movement Vaiva Mainelyte – lt Vaiva Mainelyte popular actress remembered for the leading role in Bride of the Devil Lithuanian Velnio nuotaka Arunas Matelis – acclaimed documentary director Adolfas Mekas film director writer editor actor educator Jonas Mekas – filmmaker the godfather of American avant garde cinema Aurelija Mikušauskaite – television and theatre actress Juozas Miltinis – theater director from Panevežys Nijole Narmontaite – lt Nijole Narmontaite actress Eimuntas Nekrošius – theater director Algimantas Puipa – lt Algimantas Puipa film director Kostas Smoriginas – lt Kostas Smoriginas popular actor and singer Jonas Vaitkus – theater director director of Utterly Alone Adolfas Vecerskis – theatre and film actor director of theatre Arunas Žebriunas – lt Arunas Žebriunas one of the most prominent film directors during the Soviet rule Vytautas Šapranauskas – lt Vytautas Šapranauskas theater and film actor television presenter humorist Žilvinas Tratas actor and model Džiugas Siaurusaitis lt Džiugas Siaurusaitis actor television presenter humorist Sakalas Uždavinys lt Sakalas Uždavinys theater and film actor director Marius Jampolskis actor and TV host Ballet and Dance edit Egle Špokaite soloist of Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre – Actress art director Edita Daniute Professional Ballroom Dancer and World DanceSport Champion Iveta Lukosiute Professional Ballroom Dancer and World Dance Champion Music edit Soprano vocalist Violeta Urmanaviciute Urmana Pop singer Violeta RiaubiškyteSee also List of Lithuanian singers Linas Adomaitis – pop singer participant in the Eurovision Song Contest Ilja Aksionovas lt Ilja Aksionovas pop and opera singer boy soprano Osvaldas Balakauskas – ambassador and classical composer Alanas Chošnau – singer member of former music group Naktines Personos Egidijus Dragunas – lt Egidijus Dragunas leader of Sel one of the first hip hop bands in Lithuania Justas Dvarionas – lt Justas Dvarionas pianist educator Mikalojus Konstantinas Ciurlionis – painter and composer Balys Dvarionas – composer conductor pianist professor Gintare Jautakaite pop artist signed with EMI and Sony Music Entertainment in Gintaras Januševicius internationally acclaimed pianist Algirdas Kaušpedas architect and lead singer of Antis Nomeda Kazlauskaite Kazlaus opera singer dramatic soprano appearing internationally Vytautas Kernagis – one of the most popular bards Algis Kizys – long time bass player of post punk no wave band Swans Andrius Mamontovas – rock singer co founder of Foje and LT United Marijonas Mikutavicius – singer author of Trys Milijonai the unofficial sports anthem in Lithuania Vincas Niekus – lt Vincas Niekus composer Virgilijus Noreika – one of the most successful opera singers tenor Mykolas Kleopas Oginskis – one of the best composer of the late th century Kipras Petrauskas – lt Kipras Petrauskas popular early opera singer tenor Stasys Povilaitis – one of the popular singers during the Soviet period Violeta Riaubiškyte – pop singer TV show host Mindaugas Rojus opera singer tenor baritone Ceslovas Sasnauskas – composer Rasa Serra – lt Rasa Serra real name Rasa Veretenceviene singer Traditional folk A cappella jazz POP Audrone Simonaityte Gaižiuniene – lt Audrone Gaižiuniene Simonaityte one of the more popular female opera singers soprano Virgis Stakenas – lt Virgis Stakenas singer of country folk music Antanas Šabaniauskas – lt Antanas Šabaniauskas singer tenor Jurga Šeduikyte – art rock musician won the Best Female Act and the Best Album of in the Lithuanian Bravo Awards and the Best Baltic Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards Jonas Švedas – composer Michael Tchaban composer singer and songwriter Violeta Urmanaviciute Urmana opera singer soprano mezzosoprano appearing internationally Painters and graphic artists edit See also List of Lithuanian artists Robertas Antinis – sculptor Vytautas Ciplijauskas lt Vytautas Ciplijauskas painter Jonas Ceponis – lt Jonas Ceponis painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Ciurlionis – painter and composer Asteroid Ciurlionis is named for him Kostas Dereškevicius lt Kostas Dereškevicius painter Vladimiras Dubeneckis painter architect Stasys Eidrigevicius graphic artist Pranas Gailius lt Pranas Gailius painter Paulius Galaune Petronele Gerlikiene – self taught Lithuanian American artist Algirdas Griškevicius lt Algirdas Griškevicius Vincas Grybas – sculptor Leonardas Gutauskas lt Leonardas Gutauskas painter writer Vytautas Kairiukštis – lt Vytautas Kairiukštis painter art critic Vytautas Kasiulis – lt Vytautas Kasiulis painter graphic artist stage designer Petras Kalpokas painter Rimtas Kalpokas – lt Rimtas Kalpokas painter graphic artist Leonas Katinas – lt Leonas Katinas painter Povilas Kaupas – lt Povilas Kaupas Algimantas Kezys Lithuanian American photographer Vincas Kisarauskas – lt Vincas Kisarauskas painter graphic artist stage designer Saulute Stanislava Kisarauskiene – lt Saulute Stanislava Kisarauskiene graphic artist painter Stasys Krasauskas – lt Stasys Krasauskas graphic artist Stanislovas Kuzma – lt Stanislovas Kuzma sculptor Antanas Martinaitis – lt Antanas Martinaitis painter Jonas Rimša – lt Jonas Rimša painter Jan Rustem painter Antanas Samuolis – lt Antanas Samuolis painter Šarunas Sauka painter Boris Schatz – sculptor and founder of the Bezalel Academy Irena Sibley née Pauliukonis – Children s book author and illustrator Algis Skackauskas – painter Antanas Žmuidzinavicius – painter Franciszek Smuglewicz – painter Yehezkel Streichman Israeli painter Kazys Šimonis – painter Algimantas Švegžda – lt Algimantas Švegžda painter Otis Tamašauskas Lithographer Print Maker Graphic Artist Adolfas Valeška – painter and graphic artist Adomas Varnas – painter Kazys Varnelis – artist Vladas Vildžiunas lt Vladas Vildžiunas sculptor Mikalojus Povilas Vilutis lt Mikalojus Povilas Vilutis graphic artist Viktoras Vizgirda – painter William Zorach – Modern artist who died in Bath Maine Antanas Žmuidzinavicius – painter Kazimieras Leonardas Žoromskis – painter Politics edit President Valdas Adamkus right chatting with Vice President Dick Cheney left See also List of Lithuanian rulers Mindaugas – the first and only King of Lithuania – Gediminas – the ruler of Lithuania – Algirdas – the ruler together with Kestutis of Lithuania – Kestutis – the ruler together with Algirdas of Lithuania – Vytautas – the ruler of Lithuania – together with Jogaila Jogaila – the ruler of Lithuania – from to together with Vytautas the king of Poland – Jonušas Radvila – the field hetman of Grand Duchy of Lithuania – Dalia Grybauskaite – current President of Lithuania since Valdas Adamkus – President of Lithuania till Jonas Basanavicius – "father" of the Act of Independence of Algirdas Brazauskas – the former First secretary of Central Committee of Communist Party of Lithuanian SSR the former president of Lithuania after and former Prime Minister of Lithuania Joe Fine – mayor of Marquette Michigan – Kazys Grinius – politician third President of Lithuania Mykolas Krupavicius – priest behind the land reform in interwar Lithuania Vytautas Landsbergis – politician professor leader of Sajudis the independence movement former speaker of Seimas member of European Parliament Stasys Lozoraitis – diplomat and leader of Lithuanian government in exile – Stasys Lozoraitis junior – politician diplomat succeeded his father as leader of Lithuanian government in exile – Antanas Merkys – the last Prime Minister of interwar Lithuania Rolandas Paksas – former President removed from the office after impeachment Justas Paleckis – journalist and politician puppet Prime Minister after Soviet occupation Kazimiera Prunskiene – the first female Prime Minister Mykolas Sleževicius – three times Prime Minister organized

4 Antisemitism and Jewish identity 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Categories[edit] Jewish identity can be separated into three separate, independent parts: Jewish peoplehood, an ethnic identity composed of several subdivisions that evolved in the Diaspora. Jewish religion, observance of spiritual and ritual tenets of Judaism. Jewish culture, celebration of traditions, secular and religious alike. A cultural/ancestral concept[edit] Jewish identity can be cultural, religious, and/or through ancestry. There are religious, cultural, and ancestral components to Jewish identity due to its fundamental non-proselytizing nature, as opposed to Christian or Muslim identity which are both "universal" religions in that they ascribe to the notion that their faith is meant to be spread throughout all of humanity, regardless of nationality, (and still are, though to a far lesser extent than throughout its history in the case of Christianity).[2] However, Jewish identity is firmly intertwined with Jewish ancestry dating back to the historical Kingdom of Israel, which was largely depopulated by the Roman Empire c. first century CE, leading to what is known as today as the Jewish Diaspora. In contemporary sociology[edit] Jewish identity began to gain the attention of Jewish sociologists in the United States with the publication of Marshall Sklare's "Lakeville studies".[3] Among other topics explored in the studies was Sklare's notion of a "good Jew".[4] The "good Jew" was essentially an idealized form of Jewish identity as expressed by the Lakeville respondents. Today, sociological measurements of Jewish identity have become the concern of the Jewish Federations who have sponsored numerous community studies across the U.S.;[5] policy decisions (in areas such as funding, programming, etc.) have been shaped in part due to studies on Jewish identity. Antisemitism and Jewish identity[edit] According to the social-psychologist Simon Herman, antisemitism plays a part in shaping Jewish identity.[6] This view is echoed by religious leaders such as Rabbi Jonathan Sacks who writes that modern Jewish communities and the modern Jewish identity are deeply influenced by antisemitism.[7] See also[edit] Jewish population Jewish peoplehood Who is a Jew? Basic Laws of Israel Halakha Knesset Law of Return Matrilineality Patrilineality Politics of Israel Baal teshuva From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia List of Baalei teshuva From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) This article lists some notable Baalei Teshuva, Jews who may or may not have been raised in Orthodox Jewish households but at one time did not practice Orthodox Judaism and then later took up or returned to Orthodox practices. This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Shmuel Yosef Agnon, a Nobel Prize laureate writer and was one of the central figures of modern Hebrew fiction Shalom Arush, an Israeli Breslover rabbi spreading the teachings of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov among Sephardic Jews Ehud Banai, an Israeli singer and songwriter Eviatar Banai, an Israeli musician, singer and songwriter Yehuda Barkan, an Israeli actor, film producer, film director and screenwriter Jason Bedrick, a former member of the New Hampshire state legislature, and the first Orthodox Jew to hold elective office in New Hampshire Herman Branover, Russian-Israel scientist who became a leading Chabad follower. Robert A. Baruch Bush, graduate of Harvard and Stanford and a professor at Hofstra University Nathan Birnbaum, Austrian writer and journalist of the early 1900s, often called the first Baal Teshuva of modern times. Alex Clare, English popular musician David Cohen, rabbi, talmudist, philosopher, and kabbalist Effi Eitam, an Israeli politician and head of the Ahi faction of the National Union, for whom he is a member of the Knesset. He is also a former leader of the National Religious Party. Eliezer ben Hurcanus,[1] one of the most prominent rabbis of 1st and 2nd centuries Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, a rabbi, scholar, kabbalist and writer Jamie Geller, American cookbook author and kosher food writer Beryl Gershenfeld, Rabbi and Rosh Yeshiva of Machon Shlomo and Machon Yaakov Yitzchak Ginsburgh, rabbi Allegra Goodman, an American author based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, she graduated from Stanford and Harvard Dovid Gottlieb, rabbi and a senior faculty member at Ohr Somayach in Jerusalem he is a former professor of analytical philosophy at Johns Hopkins University Jacob Israël de Haan, a Dutch Jewish literary writer and journalist Waldemar Haffkine, a bacteriologist who worked in India. He was the first microbiologist who developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague[2] Rafael Halperin, a prominent Israeli Orthodox Jewish businessman, author of religious books and an encyclopedia, most notable for his being a former pro wrestler that worked for Vince McMahon Sr.`s Capitol Wrestling in the 1950s Steven Hill, an American film and television actor Peter Himmelman, singer-songwriter from Minnesota, who formerly played in the band Sussman Lawrence Brad Hirschfield, rabbi Rick Hodes, doctor[3] Aryeh Katzin, a Russian Jew, who later became a rabbi and founded Sinai Academy David Kazhdan, former professor at Harvard and presently a mathematics professor at Hebrew University, specializing in representation theory Ephraim Kholmyansky, refusenik, activist in the Jewish revival movement in Russia, teacher of Hebrew Benny Lévy, a philosopher, political activist and author. A political figure of May 1968 in France, he has been the disciple and last personal secretary of Jean-Paul Sartre from 1974 to 1980. Along with him, he helped founding the French newspaper Libération in 1972. Warren Lewis, a South African former professional association football player.[4] Ludwig Lewisohn, an American Jewish critic, novelist, translator, non-Fiction author, and biographer Hendel Lieberman David Mamet, an American author, essayist, playwright, screenwriter and film director Matisyahu, an American reggae musician, known for blending traditional Jewish themes with Reggae, rock and hip hop sounds. Michael Medved, an American radio host, author, conservative political commentator, and film critic. Yosef Mendelevitch, refusenik who later became a rabbi Yaakov Menken, rabbi and author, founder and director of Project Genesis and co-founder of the Cross-Currents blog Ronald Perelman, an American investor who made his fortune buying beleaguered corporations and re-selling them later for enormous profits. Once the richest man in America, he is the 26th richest American, and 87th richest person in the world with an estimated wealth of USD $11.5 billion. Yosi Piamenta, guitar player, of the internationally-acclaimed Piamenta Band Adi Ran, an Israeli singer, musician, lyricist and composer who innovated a new music genre called Hasidic Underground (also known as Alternative Hasidic) Avri Ran, businessman Shuli Rand, an Israeli film actor and singer. He is a Haredi Jew and is best known in the English-speaking world for his role as the protagonist in Ushpizin (2004) Aharon Razel, an Israeli musician Yonatan Razel, singer, writer, composer, musical arranger and conductor Resh Lakish, was a sage in the time of the Talmud, despite being in his early youth, a bandit and gladiator. He later became one of the most prominent rabbis of the 2nd to 3rd century, the other being his brother-in-law and opponent, Yochanan bar Nafcha. Sara Yoheved Rigler, writer, author of Holy Woman, one of the most popular authors on Aish.com Eliyahu Rips, a Latvian born Israeli mathematician known for his research in geometric group theory, he is a member of the Department of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Rips received the Erdos prize from the Israel Mathematical Society in 1979 and was a sectional speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1994 Shlomo Riskin, rabbi and author Avichai Rontzki, former Chief Military Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces. Jonathan Rosenblum, a journalist who writes columns for The Jerusalem Post, Baltimore Jewish Times, Maariv, Jewish Action, The Jewish Observer, Hamodia, Yated Ne'eman, and others. He is also the director, spokesperson, and founder of Jewish Media Resources, an organization which attempts to clarify journalists' understanding of Haredi Jewish society. Franz Rosenzweig, an influential Jewish theologian and philosopher Dmitry Salita Dmitry Salita, a Ukrainian-born American boxer in the junior welterweight division Mayer Schiller, rabbi Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later authorities, known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. Orthodox Judaism generally includes Modern Orthodox Judaism and ultra-Orthodox or Haredi Judaism, but complete within is a wide range of philosophies. Although Orthodox Judaism would probably be considered the mainstream expression of Judaism prior to the 19th century, for some Orthodox Judaism is a modern self-identification that distinguishes it from traditional pre-modern Judaism.[1] As of 2001, Orthodox Jews and Jews affiliated with an Orthodox synagogue accounted for approximately 50% of British Jews (150,000), 26.5% of Israeli Jews (1,500,000)[2] and 13% of American Jews (529,000).[3] Among those affiliated to a synagogue body, Orthodox Jews represent 70% of British Jewry[4] and 27% of American Jewry.[3] While some claim that the majority of Jews killed during the Holocaust were religiously Orthodox,[5] numbering between 50-70% of those who perished,[6] researchers have shown that Jewish Orthodoxy was nearly extinct at the time, consumed by the Jewish Enlightenment, secular Zionism and the Socialist movements of pre-war Europe.[7][8] Contents [hide] 1 Terminology 2 History 2.1 Roots of Orthodox Judaism 2.2 Development of Orthodox religious practice 2.3 Growth of Orthodox affiliation 3 Streams of Orthodoxy 3.1 Modern Orthodoxy 3.2 Haredi Judaism 3.3 Hasidic Judaism 3.4 In practice 4 Beliefs 5 In the United States 6 Movements, organisations and groups 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Terminology[edit] Orthodoxy is not a single movement or school of thought. There is no single rabbinical body to which all rabbis are expected to belong, or any one organization representing member congregations. In the United States, there are numerous Jewish Orthodox organizations, such as Agudath Israel, the Orthodox Union, and the National Council of Young Israel. None of them can claim to represent a majority of all Orthodox congregations. In the 20th century, a segment of the Orthodox population (as represented by the World Agudath Israel movement, formally established in 1912) disagreed with Modern Orthodoxy and took a stricter approach. Such rabbis viewed innovations and modifications within Jewish law and customs with extreme care and caution. This form of Judaism may be referred to as "Haredi Judaism", or "Ultra-Orthodox Judaism". The latter term is controversial because some consider the label "ultra-Orthodox" pejorative. According the New Jersey Press Association,[9] several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop the term.[9] Several local Jewish papers, including New York's Jewish Week and Philadelphia's Jewish Exponent have also dropped use of the term. According to Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer, spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center in Cliffside Park and former executive editor of Jewish Week, this leaves "Orthodox" as "an umbrella term that designates a very widely disparate group of people very loosely tied together by some core beliefs."[9] History[edit] Roots of Orthodox Judaism[edit] The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contemporary scholarship. They rejected claims of the absolute divine authorship of the Torah, declaring only biblical laws concerning ethics to be binding, and stated that the rest of halakha (Jewish law) need not be viewed as normative for Jews in wider society. (see Reform Judaism). In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah,[10] but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamburg [1819], as reflected in the booklet "Ele Divrei HaBerit". As a group of Reform Rabbis convened in Braunschweig, Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger of Altona published a manifesto entitled "Shlomei Emunei Yisrael" in German and Hebrew, having 177 Rabbis sign on. At this time the first Orthodox Jewish periodical, "Der Treue Zions Waechter", was launched with the Hebrew supplement "Shomer Zion HaNe'eman" [1845 - 1855]. In later years it was Rav Ettlinger's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry. Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854: It was not the 'Orthodox' Jews who introduced the word 'orthodoxy' into Jewish discussion. It was the modern 'progressive' Jews who first applied this name to 'old', 'backward' Jews as a derogatory term. This name was at first resented by 'old' Jews. And rightly so. 'Orthodox' Judaism does not know any varieties of Judaism. It conceives Judaism as one and indivisible. It does not know a Mosaic, prophetic and rabbinic Judaism, nor Orthodox and Liberal Judaism. It only knows Judaism and non-Judaism. It does not know Orthodox and Liberal Jews. It does indeed know conscientious and indifferent Jews, good Jews, bad Jews or baptised Jews; all, nevertheless, Jews with a mission which they cannot cast off. They are only distinguished accordingly as they fulfil or reject their mission. (Samson Raphael Hirsch, Religion Allied to Progress, in JMW. p. 198)[11] Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines. His approach was termed the Torah im Derech Eretz approach, or "neo-Orthodoxy". While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought. This pattern of religious and secular involvement has been evident at many times in Jewish history. Scholars[who?] believe it was characteristic of the Jews in Babylon during the Amoraic and Geonic periods, and likewise in early medieval Spain, shown by their engagement with both Muslim and Christian society. It appeared as the traditional response to cultural and scientific innovation. Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some[who?] within the Orthodox community groups to its right consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy. [See Torah im Derech Eretz and Torah Umadda "Relationship with Torah im Derech Eretz" for a more extensive listing.] Development of Orthodox religious practice[edit] The Shulchan Aruch, published in 1565, is the authoritative legal code for Orthodox Jews Contemporary Orthodox Jews believe that they adhere to the same basic philosophy and legal framework that has existed throughout Jewish history, whereas the other denominations depart from it. Orthodox Judaism, as it exists today, is an outgrowth that claims to extend from the time of Moses, to the time of the Mishnah and Talmud, through the development of oral law and rabbinic literature, until the present time. However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embrace far more stringent halachic practices than their predecessors, most notably in matters of Kashrut and Passover dietary laws, where the strictest possible interpretation becomes a religious requirement, even where the Talmud explicitly prefers a more lenient position, and even where a more lenient position was practiced by prior generations.[12][13] Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or upsheerin, Yiddish for "haircut") "originated as an Arab custom that parents cut a newborn boy's hair and burned it in a fire as a sacrifice," and "Jews in Palestine learned this custom from Arabs and adapted it to a special Jewish context."[14] The Ashkenazi prohibition against eating kitniyot (grains and legumes such as rice, corn, beans, and peanuts) during Passover was explicitly rejected in the Talmud, has no known precedent before the 12th century and represented a minority position for hundreds of years thereafter, but nonetheless has remained a mandatory prohibition among Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews due to their historic adherence to the ReMA's rulings in the Shulchan Aruch.[15] Growth of Orthodox affiliation[edit] In practice, the emphasis on strictness has resulted in the rise of "homogeneous enclaves" with other haredi Jews that are less likely to be threatened by assimilation and intermarriage, or even to interact with other Jews who do not share their doctrines.[16] Nevertheless, this strategy has proved successful and the number of adherents to Orthodox Judaism, especially Haredi and Chassidic communities, has grown rapidly.[16] Some scholars estimate more Jewish men are studying in yeshivot (Talmudic schools) and Kollelim (post-graduate Talmudical colleges for married (male) students) than at any other time in history.[citation needed] In 1915, Yeshiva College (later Yeshiva University) and its Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary was established in New York City for training in an Orthodox milieu. A school branch was established in Los Angeles, California. A number of other influential Orthodox seminaries, mostly Haredi, were established throughout the country, most notably in New York, Baltimore, Maryland; and Chicago, Illinois. Beth Medrash Govoha, the Haredi yeshiva in Lakewood, New Jersey is the largest Talmudic academy in the United States, with a student body of over 5,000 students. Streams of Orthodoxy[edit] Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, a leading 20th-century American Orthodox authority. Orthodox Judaism is heterogeneous, whereby subgroups maintain significant social differences, and less significant differences in understanding Halakha. What unifies various groups under the "Orthodox" umbrella is the central belief that Torah, including the Oral Law, was given directly from God to Moses at Mount Sinai and applies in all times and places. As a result, all Orthodox Jews are required to live in accordance with the Commandments and Jewish law. Since there is no one Orthodox body, there is no one canonical statement of principles of faith. Rather, each Orthodox group claims to be a non-exclusive heir to the received tradition of Jewish theology, while still affirming a literal acceptance of Maimonides' thirteen principles. Given this (relative) philosophic flexibility, variant viewpoints are possible, particularly in areas not explicitly demarcated by the Halakha. The result is a relatively broad range of hashqafoth (Sing. hashkafa Hebrew: ?????? – world view, Weltanschauung) within Orthodoxy. The greatest differences within strains of Orthodoxy involve the following issues: the degree to which an Orthodox Jew should integrate or disengage from secular society based, in part, on varying interpretations of the Three Oaths, whether Zionism is part of Judaism or opposed to it, and defining the role of the modern State of Israel in Judaism their spiritual approach to Torah such as the relative roles of mainstream Talmudic study and mysticism or ethics the validity of secular knowledge including critical Jewish scholarship of Rabbinic literature and modern philosophical ideas whether the Talmudic obligation to learn while also practicing a trade/profession applies in our times the centrality of yeshivas as the place for personal Torah study the validity of authoritative spiritual guidance in areas outside of Halakhic decision (Da'as Torah) the importance of maintaining non-Halakhic customs, such as dress, language and music the role of women in (religious) society the nature of the relationship with non-Jews Based on their philosophy and doctrine vis-a-vis these core issues, adherents to Orthodoxy can roughly be divided into the subgroups of Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism, with Hasidic Jewish groups falling into the latter category. Modern Orthodoxy[edit] Main article: Modern Orthodox Judaism Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously attaching a positive value to interaction with contemporary society. In this view, Orthodox Judaism can "be enriched" by its intersection with modernity; further, "modern society creates opportunities to be productive citizens engaged in the Divine work of transforming the world to benefit humanity". At the same time, in order to preserve the integrity of halakha, any area of "powerful inconsistency and conflict" between Torah and modern culture must be avoided.[17] Modern Orthodoxy, additionally, assigns a central role to the "People of Israel".[18] Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involvement with non-Orthodox Jews that extends beyond "outreach (Kiruv)" to continued institutional relations and cooperation; see further under Torah Umadda. Other "core beliefs"[19] are a recognition of the value and importance of secular studies, a commitment to equality of education for both men and women, and a full acceptance of the importance of being able to financially support oneself and one's family. Haredi Judaism[edit] Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable application of these concepts. Thus, engaging in the commercial world is a legitimate means to achieving a livelihood, but individuals should participate in modern society as little as possible. The same outlook is applied with regard to obtaining degrees necessary to enter one's intended profession: where tolerated in the Haredi society, attending secular institutions of higher education is viewed as a necessary but inferior activity. Academic interest is instead to be directed toward the religious education found in the yeshiva. Both boys and girls attend school and may proceed to higher Torah study, starting anywhere between the ages of 13 and 18. A significant proportion of students, especially boys, remain in yeshiva until marriage (which is often arranged through facilitated dating – see shiduch), and many study in a kollel (Torah study institute for married men) for many years after marriage. Most Orthodox men (including many Modern Orthodox), even those not in Kollel, will study Torah daily. Hasidic Judaism[edit] Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th century. Founded by Israel ben Eliezer, known as the Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760), it emerged in an age of persecution of the Jewish people, when a schism existed between scholarly and common European Jews. In addition to bridging this class gap, Hasidic teachings sought to reintroduce joy in the performance of the commandments and in prayer through the popularisation of Jewish mysticism (this joy had been suppressed in the intense intellectual study of the Talmud). The Ba'al Shem Tov sought to combine rigorous scholarship with more emotional mitzvah observance. In a practical sense, what distinguishes Hasidic Judaism from other forms of Haredi Judaism is the close-knit organization of Hasidic communities centered around a Rebbe (sometimes translated as "Grand Rabbi"), and various customs and modes of dress particular to each community. In some cases, there are religious ideological distinctions between Hasidic groups, as well. Another phenomenon that sets Hasidic Judaism apart from general Haredi Judaism is the strong emphasis placed on speaking Yiddish; in (many) Hasidic households and communities, Yiddish is spoken exclusively. In practice[edit] The Babylonian Talmud For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries. Thus, at a general level, there is a large degree of uniformity amongst all Orthodox Jews. Concerning the details, however, there is often variance: decisions may be based on various of the standardized codes of Jewish Law that have been developed over the centuries, as well as on the various responsa. These codes and responsa may differ from each other as regards detail (and reflecting the above philosophical differences, as regards the weight assigned to these). By and large, however, the differences result from the historic dispersal of the Jews and the consequent development of differences among regions in their practices (see minhag). Mizrahi and Sephardic Orthodox Jews base their practice on the Shulchan Aruch. The recent works of Halakha, Kaf HaChaim[disambiguation needed], Ben Ish Chai and Yalkut Yosef are considered authoritative in many Sephardic communities. Thus Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews may choose to follow the opinion of the Ben Ish Chai when it conflicts with the Shulchan Aruch. Some of these practices are derived from the Kabbalistic school of Isaac Luria. Ashkenazic Orthodox Jews have traditionally based most of their practices on the Rema, the gloss on the Shulchan Aruch by Rabbi Moses Isserles, reflecting differences between Ashkenazi and Sephardi custom. In the post-World War II period, the Mishnah Berurah has become authoritative. Ashkenazi Jews may choose to follow the Mishna Brurah instead of a particular detail of Jewish law as presented in the Shulchan Aruch. Chabad Lubavitch Hasidim and many other Hasidic sects generally follow the rulings of Shneur Zalman of Liadi in the Shulchan Aruch HaRav. Traditional Baladi and Dor Daim (Yemenite Jews) base most of their practices on the Mishneh Torah, the compendium by Maimonides of halakha, written several centuries before the Shulchan Aruch. The Talmidei haRambam also keep Jewish law as codified in the Mishneh Torah. A smaller number, such as the Romaniote Jews, traditionally rule according to the Jerusalem Talmud over the Babylonian Talmud. Spanish and Portuguese Jews consider the Shulchan Aruch authoritatively but differ from other Sephardim by making less allowance for more recent authorities, in particular customs based on the Kabbalah. Some customs are based on Maimonides or the Arba'ah Turim. Orthodox Judaism emphasizes practicing rules of Kashrut, Shabbat, Family Purity, and Tefilah (Prayer). Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orthodox men wear a skullcap known as a kipa and often fringes called "tzitzit". Haredi men often grow beards and always wear black hats and suits, indoors and outdoors. However, Modern Orthodox Jews are commonly indistinguishable in their dress from those around them. Beliefs[edit] Main article: Jewish principles of faith 13 Principles of Faith: I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is the Creator and Guide of everything that has been created; He alone has made, does make, and will make all things. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is One, and that there is no unity in any manner like His, and that He alone is our God, who was, and is, and will be. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, has no body, and that He is free from all the properties of matter, and that there can be no (physical) comparison to Him whatsoever. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is the first and the last. I believe with perfect faith that to the Creator, Blessed be His Name, and to Him alone, it is right to pray, and that it is not right to pray to any being besides Him. I believe with perfect faith that all the words of the prophets are true. I believe with perfect faith that the prophecy of Moses our teacher, peace be upon him, was true, and that he was the chief of the prophets, both those who preceded him and those who followed him. I believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that is now in our possession is the same that was given to Moses our teacher, peace be upon him. I believe with perfect faith that this Torah will not be exchanged, and that there will never be any other Torah from the Creator, Blessed be His Name. I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, knows all the deeds of human beings and all their thoughts, as it is written, "Who fashioned the hearts of them all, Who comprehends all their actions" (Psalms 33:15). I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, rewards those who keep His commandments and punishes those that transgress them. I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah; and even though he may tarry, nonetheless, I wait every day for his coming. I believe with perfect faith that there will be a revival of the dead at the time when it shall please the Creator, Blessed be His name, and His mention shall be exalted for ever and ever. -Maimonides Orthodox Judaism is composed of different groups with intertwining beliefs, practices and theologies, although in their core beliefs, all Orthodox movements share the same principles. Orthodox Judaism collectively considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition. The Orthodox Jewish movements consider all non-Orthodox Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from authentic Judaism; both because of other denominations' doubt concerning the verbal revelation of Written and Oral Torah, and because of their rejection of Halakhic precedent as binding. As such, Orthodox Jewish groups characterize non-Orthodox forms of Judaism as heretical; see the article on Relationships between Jewish religious movements. Orthodox Judaism affirms monotheism, or the belief in one God. Among the in-depth explanations of that belief are Maimonidean rationalism, Kabbalistic mysticism, and Chassidic Philosophy (Chassidut). A few affirm self-limited omniscience (the theology elucidated by Gersonides in "The Wars of the Lord".) Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly condemns intermarriage. Intermarriage is seen as a deliberate rejection of Judaism, and an intermarried person is effectively cut off from most of the Orthodox community. However, some Orthodox Jewish organizations do reach out to intermarried Jews. Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how to apply and interpret them, the Oral Law. Although Orthodox Jews believe that many elements of current religious law were decreed or added as "fences" around the law by the rabbis, all Orthodox Jews believe that there is an underlying core of Sinaitic law and that this core of the religious laws Orthodox Jews know today is thus directly derived from Sinai and directly reflects the Divine will. As such, Orthodox Jews believe that one must be extremely careful in interpreting Jewish law. Orthodox Judaism holds that, given Jewish law's Divine origin, no underlying principle may be compromised in accounting for changing political, social or economic conditions; in this sense, "creativity" and development in Jewish law is limited. However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when at all possible the law should be maintained as it was understood by their authorities at the haskalah, believing that it had never changed. Modern Orthodox authorities are more willing to assume that under scrupulous examination, identical principles may lead to different applications in the context of modern life. To the Orthodox Jew, halakha is a guide, God's Law, governing the structure of daily life from the moment he or she wakes up to the moment he goes to sleep. It includes codes of behaviour applicable to a broad range of circumstances (and many hypothetical ones). There are though a number of halakhic meta-principles that guide the halakhic process and in an instance of opposition between a specific halakha and a meta-principle, the meta-principle often wins out . Examples of Halakhic Meta-Principles are: "Deracheha Darchei Noam" - the ways of Torah are pleasant, "Kavod Habriyot" - basic respect for human beings, "Pikuach Nefesh" - the sanctity of human life. Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret them. Furthermore, the Oral law includes principles designed to create new rules. The Oral law is held to be transmitted with an extremely high degree of accuracy. Jewish theologians, who choose to emphasize the more evolutionary nature of the Halacha point to a famous story in the Talmud,[20] where Moses is miraculously transported to the House of Study of Rabbi Akiva and is clearly unable to follow the ensuing discussion. According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as closely to directly as possible. The laws are from the word of God in the Torah, using a set of rules also revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and have been derived with the utmost accuracy and care, and thus the Oral Law is considered to be no less the word of God. If some of the details of Jewish law may have been lost over the millennia, they were reconstructed in accordance with internally consistent rules; see The 13 rules by which Jewish law was derived. In this world view, the Mishnaic and Talmudic rabbis are closer to the Divine revelation; by corollary, one must be extremely conservative in changing or adapting Jewish law. Orthodox Jews will also study the Talmud for its own sake; this is considered to be the greatest mitzvah of all; see Torah study. Haredi and Modern Orthodox Judaism vary somewhat in their view of the validity of Halakhic reconsideration. It is held virtually as a principle of belief among many Haredi Jews that halakhah never changes. Haredi Judaism thus views higher criticism of the Talmud as inappropriate, and almost certainly heretical. At the same time, some Modern Orthodox Jews do not have a problem with historical scholarship in this area. See the entry on historical analysis of the Talmud. Some Modern Orthodox authorities are also somewhat more willing to include the application of rules permitting farming during the Shmita year and permitting the advanced religious education of women. In the United States[edit] See also: List of Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States The New York City Metropolitan Area is home to the largest American Orthodox Jewish population. Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, the majority of American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, the neighborhoods of Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg, and Crown Heights, located in the borough of Brooklyn, have particularly large Orthodox communities. The most rapidly growing community of American Orthodox Jews is located in Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of New York, including the communities of Monsey, Monroe, New Square, and Kiryas Joel. There are also sizable and rapidly growing Orthodox communities throughout New Jersey, particularly in Lakewood, Teaneck, Englewood, Passaic, and Fair Lawn. In addition, Maryland has a large number of Orthodox Jews, many of whom live in Baltimore, particularly in the Park Heights, Mount Washington, and Pikesville areas. Two other large Orthodox Jewish centers are southern Florida, particularly Miami Beach, and the Los Angeles area of California. In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children per family among non-Orthodox Jews, and intermarriage among Orthodox Jews is practically non-existent, standing at about 2%, in contrast to a 71% intermarriage rate among non-Orthodox Jews. In addition, Orthodox Judaism has a growing retention rate; while about half of those raised in Orthodox homes previously abandoned Orthodox Judaism, that number is declining.[21][22] According to The New York Times, the high growth rate of Orthodox Jews will eventually render them the dominant demographic force in New York Jewry.[23] Politically, Orthodox Jews, given their variety of movements and affiliations, tend not Rahim Blak Gavril Atanasov ?????? ???????? Maja Hill Sculptors edit Gligor Stefanov ?????? ???????? Film edit Actors edit Touriya Haoud Meto Jovanovski ???? ?????????? Labina Mitevska ?????? ???????? Tony Naumovski ???? ????????? Naum Panovski ???? ???????? Igor Džambazov ???? ???????? Petre Prlicko ????? ??????? Vlado Jovanovski ????? ?????????? ?or?i Kolozov ????? ??????? Toni Mihajlovski ???? ??????????? Editors edit Filmmakers edit Petar Gligorovski ????? ??????????? Milco Mancevski ????? ????????? Apostol Trpeski ??????? ??????? Stole Popov ????? ????? Showbiz edit Ziya Tong television producer TV host Academia edit Scientists edit Georgi Efremov ?????? ??????? Ratko Janev ????? ????? Zoran T Popovski ????? ? ???????? Social academics edit Dimitrija Cupovski ????????? ???????? Gjorgji Pulevski ????? ???????? Mihail Petruševski ?????? ??????????? State edit Politicians edit Metodija Andonov Cento ???????? ??????? ????? Stojan Andov ?????? ????? Strašo Angelovski ?????? ?????????? Ljupco Arsov ????? ????? Ljube Boškoski ???? ???????? Vlado Buckovski ????? ????????? Branko Crvenkovski ?????? ??????????? Ljubco Georgievski ????? ??????????? Kiro Gligorov ???? ???????? Nikola Gruevski ?????? ???????? Gjorge Ivanov ????? ?????? Gordana Jankuloska ??????? ?????????? Zoran Jolevski ????? ???????? Srgjan Kerim ????? ????? Lazar Koliševski ????? ?????????? Hari Kostov ???? ?????? Trifun Kostovski ?????? ????????? Ilinka Mitreva ?????? ??????? Lazar Mojsov ????? ?????? Tito Petkovski ???? ????????? Lui Temelkovski ??? ??????????? Boris Trajkovski ????? ?????????? Vasil Tupurkovski ????? ??????????? Zoran Zaev ????? ???? Partisans World War II freedom fighters edit Mirce Acev ????? ???? Mihajlo Apostolski ????j?? ?????????? Cede Filipovski Dame ???? ?????????? ???? Blagoj Jankov Muceto ?????? ?????? ?????? Orce Nikolov ???? ??????? Strašo Pindžur ?????? ?????? Hristijan Todorovski Karpoš ????????? ?????????? ?????? Revolutionaries edit Yordan Piperkata ?????? ???????? ????????? Goce Delcev ???? ????? Petar Pop Arsov ????? ??? ????? Dame Gruev ???? ????? Jane Sandanski ???? ????????? Dimitar Pop Georgiev Berovski ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? Ilyo Voyvoda ???? ??? ?????????? Pere Tošev ???? ????? Pitu Guli ???? ???? Dimo Hadži Dimov ???? ???? ????? Hristo Uzunov ?????? ?????? Literature edit Gjorgji Abadžiev ????? ??????? Petre M Andreevski ????? ? ?????????? Maja Apostoloska ???? ??????????? Dimitrija Cupovski ????????? ???????? Jordan Hadži Konstantinov Džinot ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? Vasil Iljoski ????? ?????? Slavko Janevski ?????? ???????? Blaže Koneski ????? ??????? Risto Krle ????? ???? Vlado Maleski ????? ??????? Mateja Matevski ?????? ???????? Krste Misirkov ????? ????????? Kole Nedelkovski ???? ??????????? Olivera Nikolova Anton Panov ????? ????? Gjorche Petrov ????? ?????? Vidoe Podgorec ????? ???????? Aleksandar Prokopiev ?????????? ????????? Koco Racin ???? ????? Jovica Tasevski Eternijan ?????? ???????? ????????? Gane Todorovski ???? ?????????? Stevan Ognenovski ?????? ?????????? Music edit Classical music edit Composers edit Atanas Badev ?????? ????? Dimitrije Bužarovski ????????? ?????????? Kiril Makedonski ????? ?????????? Toma Prošev ???? ?????? Todor Skalovski ????? ????????? Stojan Stojkov ?????? ??????? Aleksandar Džambazov ?????????? ???????? Conductors edit Borjan Canev ?????? ????? Instrumentalists edit Pianists Simon Trpceski ????? ???????? Opera singers edit Blagoj Nacoski ?????? ??????? Boris Trajanov ????? ???????? Popular and folk music edit Composers edit Darko Dimitrov ????? ???????? Slave Dimitrov ????? ???????? Jovan Jovanov ????? ??????? Ilija Pejovski ????? ???????? Musicians edit Bodan Arsovski ????? ???????? Goran Trajkoski ????? ????????? Ratko Dautovski ????? ????????? Kiril Džajkovski ????? ????????? Tale Ognenovski ???? ?????????? Vlatko Stefanovski ?????? ??????????? Stevo Teodosievski ????? ???????????? Aleksandra Popovska ?????????? ???????? Singers and Bands edit Lambe Alabakoski ????? ?????????? Anastasia ????????? Arhangel ???????? Kristina Arnaudova ???????? ????????? Kaliopi Bukle ??????? Dani Dimitrovska ???? ??????????? Riste Tevdoski ????? ???????? Karolina Goceva ???????? ?????? Vaska Ilieva ????? ?????? Andrijana Janevska ????????? ???????? Vlado Janevski ????? ???????? Jovan Jovanov ????? ??????? Leb i sol ??? ? ??? Aleksandar Makedonski ?????????? ?????????? Elvir Mekic ????? ????? Mizar ????? Jasmina Mukaetova ??????? ????e???? The Malagasy French Malgache are the ethnic group that forms nearly the entire population of Madagascar They are divided into two subgroups the "Highlander" Merina Sihanaka and Betsileo of the central plateau around Antananarivo Alaotra Ambatondrazaka and Fianarantsoa and the "coastal dwellers" elsewhere in the country This division has its roots in historical patterns of settlement The original Austronesian settlers from Borneo arrived between the third and tenth centuries and established a network of principalities in the Central Highlands region conducive to growing the rice they had carried with them on their outrigger canoes Sometime later a large number of settlers arrived from East Africa and established kingdoms along the relatively unpopulated coastlines The difference in ethnic origins remains somewhat evident between the highland and coastal regions In addition to the ethnic distinction between highland and coastal Malagasy one may speak of a political distinction as well Merina monarchs in the late th and early th century united the Merina principalities and brought the neighboring Betsileo people under their administration first They later extended Merina control over the majority of the coastal areas as well The military resistance and eventual defeat of most of the coastal communities assured their subordinate position vis à vis the Merina Betsileo alliance During the th and th centuries the French colonial administration capitalized on and further exacerbated these political inequities by appropriating existing Merina governmental infrastructure to run their colony This legacy of political inequity dogged the people of Madagascar after gaining independence in candidates ethnic and regional identities have often served to help or hinder their success in democratic elections Within these two broad ethnic and political groupings the Malagasy were historically subdivided into specifically named ethnic groups who were primarily distinguished from one another on the basis of cultural practices These were namely agricultural hunting or fishing practices construction style of dwellings music hair and clothing styles and local customs or taboos the latter known in the Malagasy language as fady citation needed The number of such ethnic groups in Madagascar has been debated The practices that distinguished many of these groups are less prevalent in the st century than they were in the past But many Malagasy are proud to proclaim their association with one or several of these groups as part of their own cultural identity "Highlander" ethnic groups Merina Sihanaka Betsileo Zafimaniry Coastal ethnic groups Antaifasy or Antefasy Antaimoro or Temoro or Antemoro Antaisaka or Antesaka Antambahoaka Antandroy or Tandroy Antankarana Antanosy or Tanosy Academia edit Afifi al Akiti Khasnor Johan historian Khoo Kay Kim Jomo Kwame Sundaram Danny Quah Harith Ahmad Architects edit Main article List of Malaysian architects Artists edit Main article List of Malaysian artists Business edit Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al Bukhary born Tan Sri Dato Loh Boon Siew – Tan Sri Jeffrey Cheah Tan Sri William Cheng Dato Choong Chin Liang born Tan Sri Dato Tony Fernandes born Lim Goh Tong – Tan Sri Tiong Hiew King Tan Sri Teh Hong Piow born Chung Keng Quee – Tan Sri Ananda Krishnan born Robert Kuok born Tan Sri Quek Leng Chan born Shoba Purushothaman Shah Hakim Zain Halim Saad Tan Sri Mohd Saleh Sulong Tan Sri Vincent Tan born Lillian Too born Tan Sri Dr Francis Yeoh Tun Daim Zainuddin born Tan Sri Kong Hon Kong Designers edit Bernard Chandran fashion designer Jimmy Choo born shoe designer Poesy Liang born artist writer philanthropist jewellery designer industrial designer interior architect music composer Inventors edit Yi Ren Ng inventor of the Lytro Entertainers edit Yasmin Ahmad – film director Stacy Angie Francissca Peter born Jamal Abdillah born Sudirman Arshad – Loganathan Arumugam died Datuk David Arumugam Alleycats Awal Ashaari Alvin Anthons born Asmawi bin Ani born Ahmad Azhar born Ning Baizura born Kasma Booty died Marion Caunter host of One In A Million and the TV Quickie Ella born Erra Fazira born Sean Ghazi born Fauziah Latiff born Angelica Lee born Daniel Lee Chee Hun born Fish Leong born Sheila Majid born Amy Mastura born Mohamad Nasir Mohamad born Shathiyah Kristian born Meor Aziddin Yusof born Ah Niu born Dayang Nurfaizah born Shanon Shah born Siti Nurhaliza born Misha Omar born Hani Mohsin – Aziz M Osman born Azmyl Yunor born P Ramlee born Aziz Sattar born Fasha Sandha born Ku Nazhatul Shima Ku Kamarazzaman born Nicholas Teo born Pete Teo Penny Tai born Hannah Tan born Jaclyn Victor born Chef Wan Adira Suhaimi Michael Wong born Victor Wong born Dato Michelle Yeoh Hollywood actress born James Wan director of Hollywood films like several Saw films Insidious The Conjuring Fast and Furious born Ziana Zain born Zee Avi Shila Amzah Yunalis Zarai Zamil Idris born Military edit Leftenan Adnan – Warrior from mainland Malaya Antanum Warrior from Sabah Borneo Rentap Warrior from Sarawak Syarif Masahor Warrior from Sarawak Monsopiad Warrior from Sabah Borneo Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong Warrior from Telemong Terengganu Mat Salleh Warrior from Sabah Borneo Rosli Dhobi Warrior from Sarawak Politicians edit Parameswara founder of Sultanate of Malacca Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al Haj st Prime Minister of independent Malaya Tun Abdul Razak nd Prime Minister V T Sambanthan Founding Fathers of Malaysia along with Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tan Cheng Lock Tun Dato Sir Tan Cheng Lock Founder of MCA Tun Hussein Onn rd Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad th Prime Minister Father of Modernisation Abdullah Ahmad Badawi th Prime Minister since Najib Tun Razak Current Prime Minister since Dato Seri Ong Ka Ting Dato Seri Anwar Ibrahim Dato Wan Hisham Wan Salleh Nik Aziz Nik Mat Raja Nong Chik Zainal Abidin Federal Territory and Urban Wellbeing Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail Karpal Singh Lim Kit Siang Lim Guan Eng Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah Religious edit Antony Selvanayagam Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Penang Anthony Soter Fernandez Archbishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur and Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Penang Gregory Yong – Second Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore Tan Sri Datuk Murphy Nicholas Xavier Pakiam Metropolitan archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur president of the Catholic Bishops Conference of Malaysia Singapore and Brunei and publisher of the Catholic weekly newspaper The Herald Datuk Ng Moon Hing the fourth and current Anglican Bishop of West Malaysia Sportspeople edit Squash edit Datuk Nicol Ann David Ong Beng Hee Azlan Iskandar Low Wee Wern Badminton edit Chan Chong Ming men s doubles Dato Lee Chong Wei Chew Choon Eng men s doubles Wong Choong Hann Chin Eei Hui women s doubles Hafiz Hashim Roslin Hashim Wong Pei Tty women s doubles Choong Tan Fook men s doubles Lee Wan Wah men s doubles Koo Kien Keat men s doubles Tan Boon Heong men s doubles Retired edit Tan Aik Huang Eddy Choong Punch Gunalan Yap Kim Hock Foo Kok Keong Jalani Sidek Misbun Sidek Rashid Sidek Razif Sidek Cheah Soon Kit Lee Wan Wah Football soccer edit Brendan Gan Sydney FC Shaun Maloney Wigan Athletic Akmal Rizal Perak FA Kedah FA RC Strasbourg FCSR Haguenau Norshahrul Idlan Talaha Kelantan FA Khairul Fahmi Che Mat Kelantan FA Mohd Safiq Rahim Selangor FA Mohd Fadzli Saari Selangor FA PBDKT T Team FC SV Wehen Rudie Ramli Selangor FA PKNS F C SV Wehen Mohd Safee Mohd Sali Selangor FA Pelita Jaya Baddrol Bakhtiar Kedah FA Mohd Khyril Muhymeen Zambri Kedah FA Mohd Azmi Muslim Kedah FA Mohd Fadhli Mohd Shas Harimau Muda A FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce Mohd Irfan Fazail Harimau Muda A FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce Wan Zack Haikal Wan Noor Harimau Muda A FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce F C Ryukyu Nazirul Naim Che Hashim Harimau Muda A F C Ryukyu Khairul Izuan Abdullah Sarawak FA Persibo Bojonegoro PDRM FA Stanley Bernard Stephen Samuel Sabah FA Sporting Clube de Goa Nazmi Faiz Harimau Muda A SC Beira Mar Ahmad Fakri Saarani Perlis FA Atlético S C Chun Keng Hong Penang FA Chanthaburi F C Retired edit Serbegeth Singh owner founder of MyTeam Blackburn Rovers F C Global dvisor Mokhtar Dahari former Selangor FA and Malaysian player Lim Teong Kim former Hertha BSC player