Cleopatra Of The Nile Un Official Fan Site Tribute

Cleopatra Of The Nile : This Is An Un Official Fan Site Tribute
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Movie Title Year Distributor Notes Rev Formats Cleopatra 2003 JB Video 1 DRO Cleopatra on Bottom 2005 Slave Labor NonSex O Dude Where's My Dildo 2002 Dreamland Entertainment LezOnly DO Eating Out 2 2009 Anarchy LezOnly DO Foot Therapy 2 2004 Bizarre Video NonSex DO For Your Eyes Only 1 2004 Ghost Pro MastOnly 1 O If My Husband Only Knew I'm A Whore 2009 Motherfuckers LezOnly DRO Miltf With Toys 3 2008 Totally Tasteless MastOnly DO My Girlfriend Squirts 4 2007 Northstar Associates LezOnly DRO She's My Man 3 2008 L Factor LezOnly DRO Sista Seeking Sista 2012 Candy Shop LezOnly DO Stocking Secrets 5 2004 Smash Pictures MastOnly 1 DRO Strap on Sistas 2 2011 Dark Pink Video LezOnly DRO Strap-On Cowgirls 2005 X-traordinary 2 DRO Whipped Ass 2782 2005 kink.com LezOnly Blu-ray Disc (BD), often known simply as Blu-ray, is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format, and is capable of storing several hours of video in high-definition (HDTV 720p and 1080p). The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as feature films and for the physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. The name "Blu-ray" refers to the blue laser (which is actually a violet laser) used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs.
The plastic disc is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter and 1.2 millimetres (0.047 in) thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs.[5] Conventional or pre-BD-XL Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual-layer discs (50 GB) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple-layer discs (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives.[6] High-definition (HD) video may be stored on Blu-ray Discs with up to 1920×1080 pixel resolution, at 24 progressive, or 50/60 interlaced, frames per second. DVD-Video discs were limited to a maximum resolution of 480p (NTSC, 720×480 pixels) or 576p (PAL, 720×576 pixels).[7] Besides these hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats.

The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray Disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be developed until its official release on June 20, 2006, beginning the high-definition optical disc format war, where Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the main company supporting HD DVD, conceded in February 2008,[8] and later released its own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009.[9] According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the United States were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales.[10] Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand (VOD) and the continued sale of DVDs.[11] Notably, as of January 2016, 44% of U.S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player.[12] For playback of 4K content, Blu-ray has been superseded by Ultra HD Blu-ray. Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history 1.2 Launch and sales developments 1.3 Competition from HD DVD 1.4 Future scope and market trends 1.4.1 Beyond Blu-ray 1.4.2 Ongoing development 2 Physical media 2.1 Laser and optics 2.2 Hard-coating technology 2.3 Drive speeds 2.4 Packaging 2.5 Variants 2.5.1 Mini Blu-ray Disc 2.5.2 Blu-ray Disc recordable 2.5.3 BD9 and BD5 2.5.4 BDXL 2.5.5 IH-BD 3 Data format standards 3.1 Filesystem 3.2 Application format 3.3 Directory and file structure 3.4 Media format 3.4.1 Container format 3.4.2 Codecs 3.4.2.1 Video 3.4.2.2 Audio 3.4.3 Bit rate 3.5 Java software interface 3.6 Player profiles 3.6.1 BD-Live 3.7 Region codes 3.8 Digital rights management 3.8.1 High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 3.8.2 Advanced Access Content System 3.8.3 BD+ 3.8.4 BD-ROM Mark 4 Backward compatibility 5 Variations 5.1 High Fidelity Pure Audio (BD-A) 5.2 AVCHD 5.3 AVCREC 5.4 Blu-ray 3D 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links History A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE) Early history The information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following protracted development, blue laser diodes operating at 405 nanometers became available on a production basis, allowing for development of a more-dense storage format that could hold higher-definition media, with prototype discs made with diodes at a slightly longer wavelength of 407 nanometers in October 1998.[13] Sony started two projects in collaboration with Panasonic, Philips, and TDK,[14] applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical),[15] and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer),[16] a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The core technologies of the formats are similar. The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000 by Sony.[17] A trademark for the "Blue Disc" logo was filed February 9, 2001.[18] On February 19, 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc,[19][20] and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members. The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10, 2003: the Sony BDZ-S77, a US$3,800 BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan.[21] But there was no standard for prerecorded video, and no movies were released for this player. Hollywood studios insisted that players be equipped with digital rights management before they would release movies for the new format, and they wanted a new DRM system that would be more secure than the failed Content Scramble System (CSS) used on DVDs. On October 4, 2004, the name "Blu-ray Disc Founders" was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), and 20th Century Fox joined the BDA's Board of Directors.[22] The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004.[23] In January 2005, TDK announced that they had now developed an ultra-hard yet very thin polymer coating ("Durabis") for Blu-ray Discs; this was a significant technical advance because a far tougher protection was desired in the consumer market to protect bare discs against scratching and damage compared to DVD, while technically Blu-ray Disc required a much thinner layer for the denser and higher frequency blue laser.[24] Cartridges, originally used for scratch protection, were no longer necessary and were scrapped. The BD-ROM specifications were finalized in early 2006.[25] Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administrator (AACS LA), a consortium founded in 2004,[26] had been developing the DRM platform that could be used to securely distribute movies to consumers. However, the final AACS standard was delayed,[27] and then delayed again when an important member of the Blu-ray Disc group voiced concerns.[28] At the request of the initial hardware manufacturers, including Toshiba, Pioneer, and Samsung, an interim standard was published that did not include some features, such as managed copy.[29] Launch and sales developments The first BD-ROM players (Samsung BD-P1000) were shipped in mid-June 2006, though HD DVD players beat them to market by a few months.[30][31] The first Blu-ray Disc titles were released on June 20, 2006: 50 First Dates, The Fifth Element, Hitch, House of Flying Daggers, Underworld: Evolution, xXx (all Sony), Twister (Warner Bros.), and MGM's The Terminator.[32] The earliest releases used MPEG-2 video compression, the same method used on standard DVDs. The first releases using the newer VC-1 and AVC formats were introduced in September 2006.[33] The first movies using 50 GB dual-layer discs were introduced in October 2006.[34] The first audio-only albums were released in May 2008.[35][36] As of June 2008, more than 2,500 Blu-ray Disc titles were available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 3,500 in the United States and Canada.[37] In Japan, as of July 2010, more than 3,300 titles have been released.[38] Competition from HD DVD Main article: High-definition optical disc format war The DVD Forum, chaired by Toshiba, was split over whether to develop the more expensive blue laser technology. In March 2002 the forum approved a proposal, which was endorsed by Warner Bros. and other motion picture studios. The proposal involved compressing high-definition video onto dual-layer standard DVD-9 discs.[39][40] In spite of this decision, however, the DVD Forum's Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition video solution. In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard, Advanced Optical Disc.[41] It was finally adopted by the DVD Forum and renamed HD DVD the next year,[42] after being voted down twice by DVD Forum members who were also Blu-ray Disc Association members—a situation that drew preliminary investigations by the U.S. Department of Justice.[43] HD DVD had a head start in the high-definition video market, as Blu-ray Disc sales were slow to gain market share. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available.[44] The Sony PlayStation 3, which contained a Blu-ray Disc player for primary storage, helped support Blu-ray.[45] Sony also ran a more thorough and influential marketing campaign for the format.[46] AVCHD camcorders were also introduced in 2006. These recordings can be played back on many Blu-ray Disc players without re-encoding but are not compatible with HD DVD players. By January 2007, Blu-ray Discs had outsold HD DVDs,[47] and during the first three quarters of 2007, BD outsold HD DVD by about two to one. At CES 2007, Warner proposed Total Hi Def—a hybrid disc containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other, but it was never released. On June 28, 2007, Twentieth Century Fox cited Blu-ray Disc's adoption of the BD+ anticopying system as key to their decision to support the Blu-ray Disc format.[48][49] On January 4, 2008, a day before CES 2008, Warner Bros. (the only major studio still releasing movies in both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc format) announced that it would release only in Blu-ray Disc after May 2008.[50] This effectively included other studios that came under the Warner umbrella, such as New Line Cinema and HBO—though in Europe, HBO distribution partner, the BBC, announced it would, while keeping an eye on market forces, continue to release product on both formats. This led to a chain reaction in the industry, with major U.S. retailers such as Best Buy, Walmart, and Circuit City and Canadian chains such as Future Shop dropping HD DVD in their stores. A then major European retailer, Woolworths, dropped HD DVD from its inventory.[51] Netflix and Blockbuster—major DVD rental companies—said they would no longer carry HD DVD. Following these new developments, on February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it would end production of HD DVD devices,[52] allowing Blu-ray Disc to become the industry standard for high-density optical discs. Universal Studios, the sole major movie studio to back HD DVD since its inception, said shortly after Toshiba's announcement: "While Universal values the close partnership we have shared with Toshiba, it is time to turn our focus to releasing new and catalog titles on Blu-ray Disc."[53] Paramount Pictures, which started releasing movies only in HD DVD format during late 2007, also said it would start releasing in Blu-ray Disc. Both studios announced initial Blu-ray lineups in May 2008. With this, all major Hollywood studios supported Blu-ray

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