Francoise Blanchard : This Is An Un Official Fan Site Tribute
Francoise Blanchard Françoise Blanchard
Porn Queen Actress Superstar


Francoise Blanchard

Beginning with comments by La Vallee Poussin, a series of scholars have argued that these two meditation types reflect a tension between two different ancient Buddhist traditions regarding the use of dhyana, one which focused on insight based practice and the other which focused purely on dhyana.[343][344] However, other scholars such as Analayo and Rupert Gethin have disagreed with this "two paths" thesis, instead seeing both of these practices as complementary.[344][345] The Brahma-vihara gilded statue of Buddha in Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, Thailand Statue of Buddha in Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, Phitsanulok, Thailand Main article: Brahmavihara The four immeasurables or four abodes, also called Brahma-viharas, are virtues or directions for meditation in Buddhist traditions, which helps a person be reborn in the heavenly (Brahma) realm.[346][347][348] These are traditionally believed to be a characteristic of the deity Brahma and the heavenly abode he resides in.[349] The four Brahma-vihara are:
Movie Title Year Distributor Notes Rev Formats Amazones du temple d'or 1986 Eurociné NonSex Caligola e Messalina 1981 ItalFrance Film NonSex Nerone e Poppea 1982 ItalFrance Film NonSex into those two main types.[338][339] Samatha is also called "calming meditation", and focuses on stilling and concentrating the mind i.e. developing samadhi and the four dhyanas. According to Damien Keown, vipassana meanwhile, focuses on "the generation of penetrating and critical insight (pañña)".[340] There are numerous doctrinal positions and disagreements within the different Buddhist traditions regarding these qualities or forms of meditation. For example, in the Pali Four Ways to Arahantship Sutta (AN 4.170), it is said that one can develop calm and then insight, or insight and then calm, or both at the same time.[341] Meanwhile, in Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakosakarika, vipasyana is said to be practiced once one has reached samadhi by cultivating the four foundations of mindfulness (sm?tyupasthanas).[342]



Loving-kindness (Pali: metta, Sanskrit: maitri) is active good will towards all;[347][350] Compassion (Pali and Sanskrit: karu?a) results from metta; it is identifying the suffering of others as one's own;[347][350] Empathetic joy (Pali and Sanskrit: mudita): is the feeling of joy because others are happy, even if one did not contribute to it; it is a form of sympathetic joy;[350] Equanimity (Pali: upekkha, Sanskrit: upek?a): is even-mindedness and serenity, treating everyone impartially.[347][350] According to Peter Harvey, the Buddhist scriptures acknowledge that the four Brahmavihara meditation practices "did not originate within the Buddhist tradition".[351][note 27] The Brahmavihara (sometimes as Brahmaloka), along with the tradition of meditation and the above four immeasurables are found in pre-Buddha and post-Buddha Vedic and Sramanic literature.[353][354] Aspects of the Brahmavihara practice for rebirths into the heavenly realm have been an important part of Buddhist meditation tradition.[355][356] According to Gombrich, the Buddhist usage of the brahma-vihara originally referred to an awakened state of mind, and a concrete attitude toward other beings which was equal to "living with Brahman" here and now. The later tradition took those descriptions too literally, linking them to cosmology and understanding them as "living with Brahman" by rebirth in the Brahma-world.[357] According to Gombrich, "the Buddha taught that kindness – what Christians tend to call love – was a way to salvation."[358] Visualizations: deities, mandalas See also: Generation stage and Mandala Mandala are used in Buddhism for initiation ceremonies and visualisation.[359] Idols of deity and icons have been a part of the historic practice, and in Buddhist texts such as the 11th-century Sadanamala, a devotee visualises and identifies himself or herself with the imagined deity as part of meditation.[360][361] This has been particularly popular in Vajrayana meditative traditions, but also found in Mahayana and Theravada traditions, particularly in temples and with Buddha images.[362] In Tibetan Buddhism tradition, mandala are mystical maps for the visualisation process with cosmic symbolism.[359] There are numerous deities, each with a mandala, and they are used during initiation ceremonies and meditation.[359] The mandalas are concentric geometric shapes symbolising layers of the external world, gates and sacred space. The meditation deity is in the centre, sometimes surrounded by protective gods and goddesses.[359] Visualizations with deities and mandalas in Buddhism is a tradition traceable to ancient times, and likely well established by the time the 5th-century text Visuddhimagga was composed.[359][363] Practice: monks, laity According to Peter Harvey, whenever Buddhism has been healthy, not only ordained but also more committed lay people have practised formal meditation.[364] Loud devotional chanting however, adds Harvey, has been the most prevalent Buddhist practice and considered a form of meditation that produces "energy, joy, lovingkindness and calm", purifies mind and benefits the chanter.[365] Throughout most of Buddhist history, meditation has been primarily practised in Buddhist monastic tradition, and historical evidence suggests that serious meditation by lay people has been an exception.[366][367][368] In recent history, sustained meditation has been pursued by a minority of monks in Buddhist monasteries.[369] Western interest in meditation has led to a revival where ancient Buddhist ideas and precepts are adapted to Western mores and interpreted liberally, presenting Buddhism as a meditation-based form of spirituality.[369] Insight and Knowledge Monks debating at Sera Monastery, Tibet Main articles: Prajña, Bodhi, Kensho, Satori, Subitism, and Vipassana Prajña (Sanskrit) or pañña (Pali) is wisdom, or knowledge of the true nature of existence. Another term which is associated with prajña and sometimes is equivalent to it is vipassana (Pali) or vipasyana (Sanskrit), which is often translated as "insight". In Buddhist texts, the faculty of insight is often said to be cultivated through the four establishments of mindfulness.[370] In the early texts, Pañña is included as one of the "five faculties" (indriya) which are commonly listed as important spiritual elements to be cultivated (see for example: AN I 16). Pañña along with samadhi, is also listed as one of the "trainings in the higher states of mind" (adhicittasikkha).[370] The Buddhist tradition regards ignorance (avidya), a fundamental ignorance, misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality, as one of the basic causes of dukkha and samsara. Overcoming this ignorance is part of the path to awakening. This overcoming includes the contemplation of impermanence and the non-self nature of reality,[371][372] and this develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and liberates a being from dukkha and sa?sara.[373][374][375] Prajña is important in all Buddhist traditions. It is variously described as wisdom regarding the impermanent and not-self nature of dharmas (phenomena), the functioning of karma and rebirth, and knowledge of dependent origination.[376] Likewise, vipasyana is described in a similar way, such as in the Pa?isambhidamagga, where it is said to be the contemplation of things as impermanent, unsatisfactory and not-self.[377] Some scholars such as Bronkhorst and Vetter have argued that the idea that insight leads to liberation was a later development in Buddhism and that there are inconsistencies with the early Buddhist presentation of samadhi and insight.[378][379][note 28] However, others such as Collett Cox and Damien Keown have argued that insight is a key aspect of the early Buddhist process of liberation, which cooperates with samadhi to remove the obstacles to enlightenment (i.e., the asavas).[381][382] In Theravada Buddhism, the focus of vipassana meditation is to continuously and thoroughly know how phenomena (dhammas) are impermanent (annica), not-Self (anatta) and dukkha.[383][384] The most widely used method in modern Theravada for the practice of vipassana is that found in the Satipatthana Sutta.[385] There is some disagreement in contemporary Theravada regarding samatha and vipassana. Some in the Vipassana Movement strongly emphasize the practice of insight over samatha, and other Theravadins disagree with this.[385] In Mahayana Buddhism, the development of insight (vipasyana) and tranquility (samatha) are also taught and practiced. The many different schools of Mahayana Buddhism have a large repertoire of meditation techniques to cultivate these qualities. These include visualization of various Buddhas, recitation of a Buddha's name, the use of tantric Buddhist mantras and dharanis.[386][387] Insight in Mahayana Buddhism also includes gaining a direct understanding of certain Mahayana philosophical views, such as the emptiness view and the consciousness-only view. This can be seen in meditation texts such as Kamalasila's Bhavanakrama ( "Stages of Meditation", 9th century), which teaches insight (vipasyana) from the Yogacara-Madhyamaka perspective.[388] Devotion Main article: Buddhist devotion Indo-Tibetan Buddhist prostration practice at Jokhang, Tibet. According to Harvey, most forms of Buddhism "consider saddha (Skt sraddha), ‘trustful confidence’ or ‘faith’, as a quality which must be balanced by wisdom, and as a preparation for, or accompaniment of, meditation."[389] Because of this devotion (Skt. bhakti; Pali: bhatti) is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists.[390] Devotional practices include ritual prayer, prostration, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting.[391] Buddhist devotion is usually focused on some object, image or location that is seen as holy or spiritually influential. Examples of objects of devotion include paintings or statues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas, stupas, and bodhi trees.[392] Public group chanting for devotional and ceremonial is common to all Buddhist traditions and goes back to ancient India where chanting aided in the memorization of the orally transmitted teachings.[393] Rosaries called malas are used in all Buddhist traditions to count repeated chanting of common formulas or mantras. Chanting is thus a type of devotional group meditation which leads to tranquility and communicates the Buddhist teachings.[394] In East Asian Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice. Devotional practices such as pujas have been a common practice in Theravada Buddhism, where offerings and group prayers are made to deities and particularly images of Buddha.[395] According to Karel Werner and other scholars, devotional worship has been a significant practice in Theravada Buddhism, and deep devotion is part of Buddhist traditions starting from the earliest days.[396][397] Guru devotion is a central practice of Indo-Tibetan Buddhism.[398][399] The guru is considered essential and to the Buddhist devotee, the guru is the "enlightened teacher and ritual master" in Vajrayana spiritual pursuits.[398][400] For someone seeking Buddhahood, the guru is the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha, wrote the 12th-century Buddhist scholar Sadhanamala.[400] The veneration of and obedience to teachers is also important in Theravada and Zen Buddhism.[401] Vegetarianism and Animal Ethics Main article: Buddhist vegetarianism Vegetarian meal at Buddhist temple. East Asian Buddhism tends to promote vegetarianism. Being based on the Indian principle of ahimsa (non-harming), the Buddha's ethics strongly condemn the harming of all sentient beings, including all animals. He thus condemned the animal sacrifice of the brahmins as well hunting, and killing animals for food.[402] This has led to various policies by Buddhist Kings such as Asoka meant to protect animals, such as the establishing of 'no slaughter days' and the banning of hunting on certain circumstances.[403] However, early Buddhist texts depict the Buddha as allowing monastics to eat meat. This seems to be because monastics begged for their food and thus were supposed to accept whatever food was offered to them.[404] This was tempered by the rule that meat had to be "three times clean" which meant that "they had not seen, had not heard, and had no reason to suspect that the animal had been killed so that the meat could be given to them".[405] Also, while the Buddha did not explicitly promote vegetarianism in his discourses, he did state that gaining one's livelihood from the meat trade was unethical.[406] However, this rule was not a promotion of a specific diet, but a rule against the actual killing of animals for food.[407] There was also a famed schism which occurred in the Buddhist community when Devadatta attempted to make vegetarianism compulsory and the Buddha disagreed.[405] In contrast to this, various Mahayana sutras and texts like the Mahaparinirvana sutra, Surangama sutra and the Lankavatara sutra state that the Buddha promoted vegetarianism out of compassion.[408] Indian Mahayana thinkers like Shantideva promoted the avoidance of meat.[409] Throughout history, the issue of whether Buddhists should be vegetarian has remained a much debated topic and there is a variety of opinions on this issue among modern Buddhists. In the East Asian Buddhism, most monastics are expected to be vegetarian, and the practice is seen as very virtuous and it is taken up by some devout laypersons. Most Theravadins in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia do not practice vegetarianism and eat whatever is offered by the lay community, who are mostly also not vegetarians. But there are exceptions, some monks choose to be vegetarian and some abbots like Ajahn Sumedho have encouraged the lay community to donate vegetarian food to the monks.[410] Mahasi Sayadaw meanwhile, has recommended vegetarianism as the best way to make sure one's meal is pure in three ways.[411] Also, the new religious movement Santi Asoke, promotes vegetarianism. According to Peter Harvey, in the Theravada world, vegetarianism is "universally admired, but little practiced."[411] Because of the rule against killing, in many Buddhist countries, most butchers and others who work in the meat trade are non-Buddhists.[412] Likewise, most Tibetan Buddhists have historically tended not to be vegetarian, however, there have been some strong debates and pro-vegetarian arguments by some pro-vegetarian Tibetans.[413] Some influential figures have spoken and written in favor of vegetarianism throughout history, including well known figures like Shabkar and the 17th Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje, who has mandated vegetarianism in all his monasteries.[414] Buddhist texts A depiction of the supposed First Buddhist council at Rajgir. Communal recitation was one of the original ways of transmitting and preserving Early Buddhist texts. Main article: Buddhist texts Buddhism, like all Indian religions, was initially an oral tradition in ancient times.[415] The Buddha's words, the early doctrines, concepts, and their traditional interpretations were orally transmitted from one generation to the next. The earliest oral texts were transmitted in Middle Indo-Aryan languages called Prakrits, such as Pali, through the use of communal recitation and other mnemonic techniques.[416] The first Buddhist canonical texts were likely written down in Sri Lanka, about 400 years after the Buddha died.[415] The texts were part of the Tripitakas, and many versions appeared thereafter claiming to be the words of the Buddha. Scholarly Buddhist commentary texts, with named authors, appeared in India, around the 2nd century CE.[415] These texts were written in Pali or Sanskrit, sometimes regional languages, as palm-leaf manuscripts, birch bark, painted scrolls, carved into temple walls, and later on paper.[415] Unlike what the Bible is to Christianity and the Quran is to Islam, but like all major ancient Indian religions, there is no consensus among the different Buddhist traditions as to what constitutes the scriptures or a common canon in Buddhism.[415] The general belief among Buddhists is that the canonical corpus is vast.[417][418][419] This corpus includes the ancient Sutras organised into Nikayas or Agamas, itself the part of three basket of texts called the Tripitakas.[420] Each Buddhist tradition has its own collection of texts, much of which is translation of ancient Pali and Sanskrit Buddhist texts of India. The Chinese Buddhist canon, for example, includes 2184 texts in 55 volumes, while the Tibetan canon comprises 1108 texts – all claimed to have been spoken by the Buddha – and another 3461 texts composed by Indian scholars revered in the Tibetan tradition.[421] The Buddhist textual history is vast; over 40,000 manuscripts – mostly Buddhist, some non-Buddhist – were discovered in 1900 in the Dunhuang Chinese cave alone.[421] Early Buddhist texts Gandhara birchbark scroll fragments (c. 1st century) from British Library Collection Main article: Early Buddhist Texts The Early Buddhist Texts refers to the literature which is considered by modern scholars to be the earliest Buddhist material. The first four Pali Nikayas, and the corresponding Chinese Agamas are generally considered to be among the earliest material.[422][423][424] Apart from these, there are also fragmentary collections of EBT materials in other languages such as Sanskrit, Khotanese, Tibetan and Gandhari. The modern study of early Buddhism often relies on comparative scholarship using these various early Buddhist sources to identify parallel texts and common doctrinal content.[425] One feature of these early texts are literary structures which reflect oral transmission, such as widespread repetition.[426] Pali Canon 1. Vinaya Pi?aka 1. Suttavibha?ga 2. Khandhaka 3. Parivara 2. Sutta Pi?aka 1. Digha Nikaya 2. Majjhima Nikaya 3. Sa?yutta Nikaya 4. A?guttara Nikaya 5. Khuddaka Nikaya 3. Abhidhamma Pi?aka 1. Dhammasa?ga?i 2. Vibha?ga 3. Dhatukatha 4. Puggalapaññatti 5. Kathavatthu 6. Yamaka 7. Pa??hana vte The Tripitakas Main article: Tripi?aka After the development of the different early Buddhist schools, these schools began to develop their own textual collections


nude bikini pics clinton photos chelsea pictures desnuda fotos naked laura porn free porno fan and linda video site lisa kelly playboy topless lolo joan xxx official sex traci ferrari lords eva photo the nue tube pic videos sexy smith ana leah welch lovelace you remini club loren giacomo karen elizabeth carangi fake julia trinity ava kate fenech dana pozzi images gallery edwige moana victoria kristel joanna pornstar foto sylvia rachel pamela principal clips movies lauren shania valerie fabian collins nia rio del robin rhodes hart jane stevens measurements susan taylor jenny sanchez moore lane antonelli lancaume nancy roselyn emily hartley boobs brooke angie kim web demi bonet carrie allen grant hot esther deborah with braga jones fansite yates freeones
lee heather tina inger severance christina louise lopez gina wallpaper nacked ann film nackt fisher carey corinne shue ass vancamp clery model shannon elisabeth panties biografia angelina sofia erin monroe dazza charlene janet doris vanessa anna belinda reguera diane paula fucking scene peeples sonia shauna autopsy monica sharon patricia alicia plato bardot
melissa movie picture cynthia nicole maria star nina julie mary gemser naomi williams torrent nuda barbara twain anderson gia nudes fakes larue pussy actress upskirt san raquel jennifer tits mariah meg sandra big michelle roberts marie lumley tewes clip salma vergara jada cristal day shields cassidy sandrelli penthouse dickinson goldie nud angel brigitte drew fucked amanda shemale olivia website milano ellen ellison vidcaps hayek stone download carmen bessie swimsuit vera zeta locklear shirley anal gray cindy marilyn connie kayla sucking streep cock jensen john tiffani stockings hawn for weaver rue barrymore catherine bellucci rebecca bondage feet applegate jolie sigourney wilkinson nipples juliet revealing teresa magazine kennedy ashley what bio biography agutter wood her jordan hill com jessica pornos blowjob
lesbian nued grace hardcore regera palmer asia theresa leeuw heaton juhi alyssa pinkett rene actriz black vicky jamie ryan gillian massey short shirtless scenes maggie dreyfus lynne mpegs melua george thiessen jean june crawford alex natalie bullock playmate berry andrews maren kleevage quennessen pix hair shelley tiffany gunn galleries from russo dhue lebrock leigh fuck stefania tilton laurie russell vids bessie swimsuit vera zeta shirley locklear anal gray cindy marilyn connie kayla sucking streep cock jensen john tiffani stockings hawn for weaver rue catherine barrymore bellucci rebecca bondage feet applegate jolie george thiessen jean june crawford alex sigourney wilkinson nipples juliet revealing teresa magazine kennedy ashley what bio biography agutter jordan wood her hill com jessica pornos blowjob lesbian nued grace
hardcore regera palmer asia theresa leeuw heaton juhi alyssa pinkett rene actriz black vicky rutherford lohan winslet spungen shawnee swanson newton hannah leslie silverstone did frann wallpapers kidman louis kristy valeria lang fiorentino deanna rita hillary katie granny girls megan tori paris arquette amber sue escort chawla dorothy jessie anthony courtney shot sites kay meryl judy candice desnudo wallace gertz show teen savannah busty schneider glass thong spears young erika aniston stiles capshaw loni imagenes von myspace jena daryl girl hotmail nicola savoy
garr bonnie sexe play adriana donna angelique love actor mitchell unger sellecca adult hairstyles malone teri hayworth lynn harry kara rodriguez films welles peliculas kaprisky uschi blakely halle lindsay miranda jami jamie ryan gillian massey short scenes shirtless maggie dreyfus lynne mpegs melua natalie bullock playmate berry andrews maren kleevage quennessen pix hair shelley tiffany gunn








www.shanagrant.com

Shauna Grant The Last Porn Queen