Municipality Åstorp Municipality Åtvidaberg Municipality Älmhult Municipality Älvdalen Municipality Älvkarleby Municipality Älvsbyn Municipality Ängelholm Municipality Öckerö Municipality Ödeshög Municipality Örebro Municipality Örkelljunga Municipality Örnsköldsvik Municipality Östersund Municipality Österåker Municipality Östhammar Municipality Östra Göinge Municipality Överkalix Municipality Övertorneå Municipality Provinces of Sweden edit Main article Provinces of Sweden The provinces of Sweden, which are primarily historical in significance, are Blekinge Bohuslän Dalarna Dalecarlia* Dalsland Gotland Gotlandia* Gästrikland Halland Hälsingland Härjedalen Jämtland Lappland Medelpad Norrbotten Närke Nerike* Skåne Scania* Småland Södermanland Uppland Värmland Västmanland Västerbotten Västergötland Ångermanland Öland Östergötland Demography of Sweden edit Main article Demographics of Sweden Census of Sweden Demographical center of Sweden Government and politics of Sweden edit Main article Government of Sweden and Politics of Sweden Form of government Constitutional monarchy Capital of Sweden Stockholm Arctic policy of Sweden Anarchism in Sweden Consolidation of Sweden Corruption in Sweden Elections in Sweden Election Authority of Sweden Category Elections in Sweden Monetary policy of Sweden Political parties in Sweden Taxation in Sweden Terrorism in Sweden Branches of the State edit Head of state King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf Executive branch edit Head of government Prime Minister of Sweden Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden Government of Sweden Government Agencies in Sweden Legislative branch edit Riksdag of Sweden unicameral Speaker of the Riksdag Members of the Riksdag Parliamentary committees Committee on Civil Affairs Parliament of Sweden Committee on Finance parliament of Sweden Committee on Foreign Affairs parliament of Sweden Committee on Justice parliament of Sweden Committee on the Constitution Parliament of Sweden Judicial branch edit Main article Judicial system of Sweden Supreme Court of Sweden Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden Foreign relations of Sweden edit Main article Foreign relations of Sweden Diplomatic missions in Sweden Diplomatic missions of Sweden Embassy of Sweden in Moscow Embassy of Sweden, Athens Embassy of Sweden, Bangkok Embassy of Sweden, Helsinki Embassy of Sweden, London List of ambassadors of Sweden to the United Kingdom Embassy of Sweden, Mexico City Embassy of Sweden, Paris Embassy of Sweden, Prague Embassy of Sweden, Rome List of ambassadors of Sweden to Germany List of ambassadors of Sweden to Ukraine List of ambassadors of Sweden to the United States International organization membership edit The Kingdom of Sweden is a member of African Development Bank Group AfDB nonregional member Arctic Council Asian Development Bank ADB nonregional member Australia Group Bank for International Settlements BIS Council of Europe CE Council of the Baltic Sea States CBSS Euro Atlantic Partnership Council EAPC European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD European Investment Bank EIB European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN European Space Agency ESA European Union EU Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Group of G Group of Ten G Inter American Development Bank IADB International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD International Chamber of Commerce ICC

International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO International Criminal Court ICCt International Criminal Police Organization Interpol International Development Association IDA International Energy Agency IEA International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRCS International Finance Corporation IFC International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD International Hydrographic Organization IHO International Labour Organization ILO International Maritime Organization IMO International Mobile Satellite Organization IMSO International Monetary Fund IMF International Olympic Committee IOC International Organization for Migration IOM International Organization for Standardization ISO International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement ICRM International Telecommunication Union ITU International Telecommunications Satellite Organization ITSO International Trade Union Confederation ITUC Inter Parliamentary Union IPU Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MIGA Nonaligned Movement NAM guest Nordic Council NC Nordic Investment Bank NIB Nuclear Energy Agency NEA Nuclear Suppliers Group NSG Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSCE Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPCW Organization of American States OAS observer Paris Club Partnership for Peace PFP Permanent Court of Arbitration PCA Schengen Convention United Nations UN United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNESCO United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIDO United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNMOGIP United Nations Mission in Liberia UNMIL United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MINURCAT United Nations Mission in the Sudan UNMIS United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia UNOMIG United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNRWA United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNTSO Universal Postal Union UPU Western European Union WEU observer World Customs Organization WCO World Federation of Trade Unions WFTU World Health Organization WHO World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO World Meteorological Organization WMO World Trade Organization WTO World Veterans Federation Zangger Committee ZC Law and order in Sweden edit Main article Law of Sweden Constitution of Sweden Divorce law in Sweden Human rights in Sweden Abortion in Sweden Censorship in Sweden Compulsory sterilisation in Sweden LGBT rights in Sweden Same sex marriage in Sweden Freedom of religion in Sweden Law enforcement in Sweden Crime in Sweden Human trafficking in Sweden Racism in Sweden Antisemitism in Sweden Terrorism in Sweden Capital punishment in Sweden Life imprisonment in Sweden Military of Sweden edit Main article Military of Sweden Command Commander in chief Government of Sweden Prime Minister, Minister for Defence Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces Ministry of Defence of Sweden Forces Swedish Armed Forces Swedish Army Swedish Home Guard Swedish Navy Swedish Amphibious Corps Swedish Fleet Swedish Air Force Military aircraft of Sweden Special forces of Sweden Military equipment of Sweden Military history of Sweden Military ranks of Sweden Soldier ranks of Sweden Local government in Sweden edit Main article Local government in Sweden County Administrative Boards of Sweden County councils of Sweden Municipalities of Sweden History of Sweden edit Main article History of Sweden, Timeline of the history of Sweden, and Current events of Sweden History of Sweden, by period edit History of Sweden – History of Sweden – History of Sweden – History of Sweden – History of Sweden – History of Sweden – History of Sweden –present History of Sweden, by region edit History of Sweden, by subject edit Economic history of Sweden History of the Internet in Sweden History of the Jews in Sweden Military history of Sweden Culture of Sweden edit Main article Culture of Sweden Architecture of Sweden Historic buildings in Sweden Crown palaces in Sweden Castles and manor houses in Sweden Cathedrals in Sweden Cuisine of Sweden Alcoholic beverages in Sweden Beer in Sweden Beer classification in Sweden and Finland Festivals in Sweden Linguistics of Sweden Date and time notation in Sweden Languages of Sweden Media in Sweden Museums in Sweden National symbols of Sweden Coat of arms of Sweden Flag of Sweden National anthem of Sweden Prostitution in Sweden Public holidays in Sweden Records of Sweden Scouting and Guiding in Sweden World Heritage Sites in Sweden Art in Sweden edit Art in Sweden Cinema of Sweden Literature of Sweden Music of Sweden Television in Sweden Theatre in Sweden People of Sweden edit People of Sweden Ethnic minorities in Sweden Albanians in Sweden Arabs in Sweden Armenians in Sweden Assyrians in Sweden Assyrians Syriacs in Sweden Croats of Sweden Ethnic Macedonians in Sweden Sweden Finns Kurds in Sweden Lebanese people in Sweden Pakistanis in Sweden Russians in Sweden Somalis in Sweden Turks in Sweden Uruguayans in Sweden Religion in Sweden edit Religion in Sweden Buddhism in Sweden Christianity in Sweden Baptist Union of Sweden Church of Sweden Church of Sweden Abroad Archdiocese of Uppsala Evangelical Free Church in Sweden Evangelical Lutheran Church in Sweden Evangelical Reformed Church in Sweden Roman Catholicism in Sweden Hinduism in Sweden Islam in Sweden Judaism in Sweden Sikhism in Sweden Sports in Sweden edit Main article Sports in Sweden Football in Sweden Australian rules football in Sweden Football derbies in Sweden Football records in Sweden Women's football in Sweden Sweden at the Olympics Rugby league in Sweden Rugby union in Sweden Speedway in Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden Strength athletics in Sweden Women's ice hockey in Sweden Swimming in Sweden Economy and infrastructure of Sweden edit Main article Economy of Sweden Economic rank, by nominal GDP th eighteenth Agriculture in Sweden Automotive industry in Sweden Banking in Sweden Monetary policy of Sweden Banks in Sweden Swedish National Bank Student loans in Sweden Communications in Sweden Telecommunications in Sweden Telephone numbers in Sweden Television in Sweden Digital terrestrial television in Sweden List of television stations in Sweden Television licensing in Sweden Internet in Sweden History of the Internet in Sweden Companies of Sweden Currency of Sweden Krona ISO SEK Economic history of Sweden Energy in Sweden Biofuel in Sweden Electricity sector in Sweden Power stations in Sweden Nuclear power in Sweden Wind power in Sweden Offshore wind farms in Sweden Energy policy of Sweden Oil industry in Sweden Health in Sweden Health care in Sweden Obesity in Sweden Smoking in Sweden Suicide in Sweden Education in Sweden is mandatory for all children between age and age The school year in Sweden runs from mid late August to early mid June The Christmas holiday from mid December to early January divides the Swedish school year into two terms Homeschooling is closely supervised by the government and very limited From the age of one, children can be admitted to pre school förskola Pre schools help provide an environment that stimulates children's development and learning and enable parents to combine parenthood with work or studies During the year before children start compulsory school, all children are offered a place in a pre school class förskoleklass , which combines the pedagogical methods of the pre school with those of compulsory school Between ages and , children attend compulsory comprehensive school grundskola , divided in three stages The vast majority of schools in Sweden are municipally run, but there are also autonomous and publicly funded schools, known as independent schools The education in independent schools has many objectives in common with the municipal school, but it can have an orientation that differs from that of the municipal schools A handful of boarding schools, known as private schools , are funded by privately paid tuition In , statistics showed that of all Swedes aged – , % have completed only compulsory education as the highest level of attainment , % only upper secondary education, % only post secondary education of less than three years, and % post secondary education of three years or more Women are more educated than men % of women vs % of men have post secondary education of three years or more The level of education is highest among those aged – , and it decreases with age Both upper secondary school and university studies are financed by taxes Some Swedes go straight to work after secondary school Along with several other European countries, the government used to subsidize tuition of non EU EEA students pursuing a degree at Swedish institutions, but in they started charging non EU EEA students , , SEK per year Swedish fifteen years old pupils have the nd highest average score in the PISA assessments, being neither significantly higher nor lower than the OECD average Contents hide Diagram Terminology Choice Homeschooling Primary and secondary school Grading Gymnasieskola Admittance International schools Independent schools Opinions Tertiary education Higher education Basic level grundnivå Advanced level avancerad nivå Doctoral level forskarnivå Grading Language requirements Student aid Student democracy Legislation Core issues The Equal Treatment Act History of education in Sweden Primary school Secondary school Grundskola Comparison with the American educational system See also References External links Diagram edit Education in Sweden Type of education School Designation Forskarutbildning forskarnivå Postgraduate programmes doctoral level Universitet University Högskola som har vetenskapsområde University college entitled to conduct research in a particular discipline e året e året a året a året Grundläggande högskoleutbildning grundnivå & avancerad nivå Higher education undergraduate & graduate master's level Universitet University – years Högskola University college – years an Årskurs an Årskurs an Årskurs an Årskurs an Årskurs Gymnasieutbildning Upper secondary school upper secondary Gymnasieskola Upper secondary school Ages – an Tredje ring an Andra ring an Första ring Grundskoleutbildning Compulsory school primary + lower secondary Grundskola Compulsory school Ages – compulsory an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs an Skolår Årskurs Förskoleklass Preschool class preschool Förskoleklass Preschool class Age Årskurs F Förskoleverksamheten Preschool activities preschool Förskola Pre school Ages – Terminology edit Förskola literally preschool , colloquially daghem or dagis, is the kindergarten Grundskola is the grade primary school Gymnasieskola literally gymnasium school is the three year secondary school Högskola literally high school is a tertiary school formally translated to university college, less formally to university and universitet always translated to university is a tertiary school with postgraduate education Historical terms include småskola small school and folkskola people's school for primary school and läroverk learning institute for secondary school Formerly, högskola usually meant a one faculty school – usually professionally oriented – while universitet contained many faculties Choice edit Students in Swedish primary schools have very limited choice regarding their curriculum Students cannot usually make any decisions about their education until the fall term of the sixth grade, where students can choose a foreign language most often Spanish, French, German, and sometimes other languages such as Russian, or extra English or Swedish and which handicraft course the student wants to take, where carpentry or sewing is offered A similar situation applies to most other subjects This is the result of a concerted effort to streamline curricula, in the hope that this will favor students from families with lower levels of educational attainment Critics claim it has lowered results significantly among talented students without raising them within other groups All students between – years old take math, English, Swedish, a foreign language, Naturorientering science physics, chemistry, biology, technology , Samhällsorientering social science social studies, history, religion, geography , physical education, art, music, carpentry or sewing, and a course in home economics In many schools the course Elevens Val The Student's Choice is offered, which can include, for instance, drama, an extra foreign language, or help in different subjects The Swedish School Plan also highly encourages an individualistic education in which each student has their specific needs met The students are also encouraged not only to participate in student councils but also to actually form the education they desire together with their teachers, choosing which books to read and how to balance practice with theory depending on which the individual student finds most enjoyable to learn from Homeschooling edit Homeschooling is very restricted in extent and heavily regulated Primary and secondary school edit The educational system in Sweden is based on a nine year primary school, or Grundskola , with mandatory attendance Following this comes an elective three year secondary school, or Gymnasieskola , which is divided in two instances where you either prepare for higher education or receive vocational education The preparatory instance allows for specialization in either natural sciences or social sciences Grading edit Pupils do not start receiving official grades until the th grade Three grades were until recently used in elementary school Pass godkänd G , Pass with distinction Väl godkänd VG , and Pass with special distinction Mycket väl godkänd MVG The grades were usually referred to by their abbreviation Note that a failing grade did not exist as a formal grade If the student failed to pass a course, this was reported as ***, referring to a footnote explaining that the pupil lacks foundation for a grade Many people, however, considered 'failed' Icke godkänd IG to be an actual grade and often referred to *** as such Compared to course grades, failed tests were often actually marked with IG This was, however, dependent on the preferences of the teacher and did not make any difference However, from the autumn of , a new grading scale has been introduced into the Swedish school system A, B, C, D, and E as passing grades and F as failing B and D work as filling grades, for when a student hasn't reached all objectives for C or A but has reached most of them If the student can't be graded, e g extensive truancy, the student will receive a dash instead of an F If a student is on the verge of receiving an F in a certain subject course, the teacher responsible for that subject will notify the student and the student's parents If a student is given an F, they will receive a written review of how to improve themselves The pupil's total score, which is used for application to gymnasium, the secondary schools, is calculated by taking the pupil's subjects and numerically adding


abby-lane abby-rode abigail-clayton ada-tauler addie-juniper addison-cain adele-wiesenthal adeline-lange adeline-pollicina adriana-amante adrianna-laurenti adrianna-russo agnes agnes-ardant agnes-zalontai aimee-addison aisha-sun aja aleena-ferari alessandra-schiavo aletta-ocean alexandra-nice alexandria-cass alexa-parks alex-dane alex-foxe alexia-knight alexis-devell alexis-firestone alexis-greco alexis-payne alexis-x alex-storm alex-white aliana-love alice-springs alicia-alighatti alicia-monet alicia-rio alicyn-sterling alighiera-olena ali-moore aline-santos alissa-ashley allysin-chaynes alysin-embers alyssa-love alyssa-reece amanda-addams amanda-blake amanda-blue amanda-jane-adams amanda-rae amanda-stone amanda-tyler amber-hunt amberlina-lynn amber-lynn amber-michaels amber-peach amber-wild amber-woods ambrosia-fox amia-miley ami-rodgers amy-allison amy-brooke amy-rose amy-starz anastasia-christ anastasia-sands andrea-adams andrea-brittian andrea-lange andrea-true andy angel angela-baron angela-summers angel-barrett angel-cash angel-cruz angel-cummings angel-ducharme angelica-sin angelika-reschner angelina-brasini angelina-korrs angelina-valentine angel-kelly angel-long angel-west angie-knight anita-andic anita-blond anita-cannibal anita-dark anna-belle anna-malle anna-nikova anna-pierce anna-ventura anna-veruska anne-bie-warburg anne-libert anne-magle anne-sand annette-haven annie-sprinkle ann-kiray ann-marie-michelle antonia-dorian april-flowers april-may april-west arcadia-lake ariana-bali ariana-jollee arlana-blue ashley-anne ashley-brooks ashley-coda ashley-fires ashley-lauren ashley-long ashley-marie ashley-nicole ashley-perk ashley-renee ashley-robbins ashley-welles ashley-wells ashley-winger ashlyn-gere astrid-bone athena-star aubrey-nichols aurora aurora-snow autumn-bliss autumn-rayne ava-devine ava-lauren avalon ava-marteens avy-lee-roth bailey-monroe bambi-allen barbara-bourbon barbara-boutet barbara-dare barbara-doll barbara-moose barbarella barbie-angel barbie-doll barett-moore bea-fiedler beata beatrice-poggi beatrice-valle becky-savage becky-sunshine belinda-butterfield bella-donna bethany-sweet beverly-bliss beverly-glen biggi-stenzhorn bionca black-widow blond-cat blondi blue-angel bobbi-bliss bobbi-dean bobbie-burns bonnie-holiday brandee brandi-edwards brandy-alexandre brandy-dean brandy-lee brandy-smile brandy-wine bree-anthony breezy-lane brenda-basse briana-blair bridgette-belle bridgette-monet bridgette-monroe bridget-waters brigitte-lahaie brigitte-monnin brigitte-verbecq brittany brittany-stryker britt-corvin britt-morgan bronze brooke-bennett brooke-fields brooke-haven brooke-west brook-van-buuren buffy-davis bunnie-blake bunny-bleu bunny-hatton busty-belle cali-caramel calisyn-heart cameo cameron-love camila-sampaio camilla-rhodes camille-morgan camrie-foxxx candace-daley candi candida-royalle candie-evens candi-summers candy-apples candy-barr candy-hill candy-samples candy-stanton cara-lott caressa-savage carmel-nougat carmen-blonde carmen-de-la-torre carmen-moore carmen-rose carol-connors carol-cross carol-cummings carole-dubois carole-gire carole-pierac carol-titian carolyn-connoly carolyn-monroe carrie-cruise cassandra-leigh cassidy cassie-courtland cataline-bullock catherine-count catherine-crystal catherine-ringer catherine-tailleferre cathy-delorme cathy-menard cathy-stewart celeste-fox celine-gallone chanel-preston chanel-price chantal-virapin chanta-rose chantelle-stevens charisma charisma-cole charlie-latour charlie-waters charlotte-de-castille charmane-star chasey-lain chayse-manhattan chaz-vincent chelsea-sinclaire chennin-blanc cheri-janvier cheri-taylor cherry-hill chessie-moore cheyenne-hunter cheyenne-silver china-lee china-leigh china-moon chloe-cruize chloe-dior chloe-kez chloe-stevens chris-collins chris-jordan chris-petersen chrissie-beauchamp christa-abel christa-ludwig christie-ford christi-lake christina-berg christina-blond christina-evol christina-skye christine-black christine-chavert christine-neona christine-rigoler christy-canyon cicciolina cindi-stephens cindy-carver cindy-crawford cindy-more cindy-shepard cindy-wong cinthya-marinho clair-dia claire-robbins claude-janna claudia-jackson claudia-jamsson claudia-mehringer claudia-nero claudia-van-statt claudia-zante claudine-beccarie clea-carson cleo-nichole cleo-patra cody-lane cody-love cody-nicole coffee-brown colleen-brennan connie-bennett connie-peterson constance-money copper-penny coreena corey-everson corinne-lemoine corneliah cory-everson cory-wolf courtney courtney-cummz courtney-james cris-cassidy crissy-moran cris-taliana crystal-breeze crystal-dawn crystal-holland crystal-knight crystal-lake crystal-lovin crystal-sync csilla-kalnay cuban-bee cynara-fox cyndee-summers cynthia-black cynthia-brooks cynthia-hammers cynthia-lavigne dagmar-lost daisy-layne dallas-miko dana-dylan dana-lynn danica-rhea daniela-nanou daniela-schiffer daniele-troeger daniella daniella-schiffer danielle danielle-foxxx danielle-rodgers danny-ricci danyel-cheeks daphne daphne-rosen darby-lloyd-rains darla-crane darla-delovely davia-ardell dayton-rain debbie-northrup debbie-revenge debbie-van-gils debi-diamond debi-jointed debra-lynn deidra-hopkins deidre-holland delania-raffino delia-moore delphine-thail delta-force delta-white demi-moor denice-klarskov denise-derringer denise-dior denise-sloan desiree-cousteau desiree-foxx desiree-lane desiree-west deva-station devin-devasquez devinn-lane devon-shire dia diana-holt diana-kisabonyi diana-siefert diana-stevenson diane-dubois diane-richards diane-sloan diane-suresne dido-angel dillan-lauren dina-deville dina-jewel dina-pearl ditty-blue diva divinity-love djiana dolly-darkley dominique dominique-dewitt dominique-saint-claire donna-hart donna-marie dorle-buchner dorothy-lemay dorothy-onan drea drimla dru-berrymore dusty-rose dyanna-lauren ebony-ayes edina-blond edita-ungerova edwige-faillel eileen-wells elaine-southern elena-berkova elena-maria-ricci eleonore-melzer elisabeth-bure elis-black elise elise-di-medici elle-devyne elle-rio elodie-delage elsa-maroussia elza-brown emili-doll emily-evermoore emily-george emily-jewel emmanuelle-pareze envy-mi erica-boyer erica-eaton erica-havens erica-idol erica-lauren erika-bella erika-cool erika-heaven erika-lockett esme-monroe eva-allen eva-angel eva-dionisio eva-gross eva-kleber eva-lux eva-uettori eve-laurence evelyne-lang evie-delatosso fabiana-venturi faith-stevens fallon fanny-garreau fanny-steel faye-runaway flame flick-shagwell flore-soller flower france-lomay france-quenie francoise frankie-leigh gabriella gabriella-mirelba gabriella-vincze gail-force gail-palmer gail-sterling georgette-saunders georgia-peach georgina-spelvin gia-givanna gianna-lynn gili-sky gina-carrera gina-gianetti gina-janssen gina-lee gina-martell gina-valentino ginger-jay ginger-lee ginger-lynn ginny-noack giovanna gisela-schwarz giselle-monet gladys-laroche gloria-leonard gloria-todd golden-jade greta-carlson greta-milos guia-lauri-filzi gwenda-farnel hare-krane harley-raine hayley-jade hazel-young heather-deeley heather-ellis heather-hart heather-lere heather-lyn heather-manfield heather-thomas heather-torrance heather-wayne heather-young helen-madigan helen-thomas helga-sven helga-wild hillary-summers holly-hollywood holly-joy holly-page holly-ryder honey-winter hottie-hollie hyapatia-lee ida-fabry ildiko-smits illana-moor ines-ridere ingrid-choray isabella-dior isabella-soprano isabelle-allay isabelle-brell isabelle-marchall isobel-wren iveta ivette-blanche jackie-right jacqueline-lorians jacy-allen jada-stevens jade-east jade-hsu jade-marcela jade-summers jade-wong jahn-gold jamie-brooks jamie-james jamie-summers jana-irrova jana-mrazkova jane-baker jane-darling jane-iwanoff jane-lindsay jane-lixx janet-jacme janey-robbins jasmine-delatori jayden-simone jaylyn-rose jayna-woods jazella-moore jazmin-luna-gold jean-afrique jeanette-littledove jeanie-marie-sullivan jean-jennings jeanna-fine jeannie-pepper jenna-jameson jenna-jane jenna-presley jenna-wells jennifer-haussmann jennifer-janes jennifer-jordan jennifer-morante jennifer-noxt jennifer-stewart jennifer-welles jennifer-west jenny jenny-feeling jenny-fields jenny-wings jersey-jaxin jesie-st-james jesse-capelli jessica-bangkok jessica-bogart jessica-darlin jessica-fiorentino jessica-gabriel jessica-laine jessica-may jessica-road jessica-wylde jessi-foster jill-ferari jill-kelly joana-redgrave joan-devlon joanna-storm joanna-sweet jody-maxwell joelle-lequement joelle-petinot johnni-black jordana-james jordan-green jordan-nevaeh jordan-star josephine-carrington joslyn-james julia-chanel julia-dal-fuoco juliana-grandi julia-paes julia-parton julia-perrin julia-swen julia-thomas julie-meadows julie-rage julie-simone juliet-anderson juliet-graham juliette-carelton kacey-jordan kagney-linn-karter kaitlyn-ashley kalena-rios kami-andrews kamila-smith kandee-licks kandi-barbour kapri-styles kara-nox karen-summer kari-foxx karine-gambier karin-schubert karli-sweet karmen-kennedy karol-castro kascha kassi-nova kat kate-frost kate-jones kathia-nobili kathleen-gentry kathleen-white kathy-divan kathy-harcourt kathy-heart kathy-kash katie-cummings katja-love kat-langer katrina-isis katrina-kraven katy-borman katy-caro kaycee-dean kayla-kupcakes kay-parker k-c-valentine keama-kim keira-moon keisha keli-richards kelli-tyler kelly-adams kelly-blue kelly-broox kelly-hearn kelly-kay kelly-kline kelly-nichols kelly-royce kelly-skyline kendra-kay kenzi-marie keri-windsor ketthy-divan kianna-dior kiley-heart kim-alexis kimber-blake kimberly-carson kimberly-kane kimberly-kyle kim-de-place kim-holland kimi-gee kimkim-de kim-kitaine kimmie-lee kimmy-nipples kina-kara kira-eggers kira-red kirsty-waay kitty-langdon kitty-lynxxx kitty-marie kitty-shayne kitty-yung kora-cummings kris-lara krista-lane krista-maze kristara-barrington kristarah-knight kristi-klenot kristina-blonde kristina-king kristina-klevits kristina-soderszk kristine-heller kristin-steen krisztina-ventura krystal-de-boor krystal-steal kylee-karr kylee-nash kylie-brooks kylie-channel kylie-haze kylie-wylde kym-wilde kyoto-sun lachelle-marie lacy-rose lady-amanda-wyldefyre lady-stephanie laetitia-bisset lana-burner lana-cox lana-wood lara-amour lara-roxx lara-stevens lataya-roxx latoya laura-clair laura-lazare laura-lion laura-may laura-orsolya laura-paouck laura-zanzibar lauren-black laurence-boutin lauren-montgomery laurien-dominique laurien-wilde laurie-smith lauryl-canyon lauryn-may leah-wilde lea-magic lea-martini leanna-foxxx lee-caroll leigh-livingston leilani lenora-bruce leslie-winston lesllie-bovee letizia-bruni lexi-lane lexi-matthews lezley-zen lia-fire liliane-gray liliane-lemieuvre lili-marlene lily-gilder lily-labeau lily-rodgers lily-valentine linda-shaw linda-vale linda-wong linnea-quigley lisa-bright lisa-de-leeuw lisa-k-loring lisa-lake lisa-melendez lisa-sue-corey lise-pinson little-oral-annie liza-dwyer liza-harper lizzy-borden logan-labrent lois-ayres lola-cait long-jean-silver loni-bunny loni-sanders loona-luxx lorelei-lee lorelei-rand lorena-sanchez lori-alexia lori-blue lorrie-lovett luci-diamond lucie-doll lucie-theodorova lucy-van-dam lydia-baum lynn-franciss lynn-lemay lynn-ray lynn-stevens lynx-canon lysa-thatcher madelina-ray madison-parker magdalena-lynn maggie-randall mai-lin mandi-wine mandy-bright mandy-malone mandy-may mandy-mistery mandy-starr marcia-minor maren margit-ojetz margitta-hofer margo-stevens margot-mahler mariah-cherry marianne-aubert maria-tortuga marie-anne marie-christine-chireix marie-christine-veroda marie-claude-moreau marie-dominique-cabannes marie-france-morel marie-luise-lusewitz marie-sharp marilyn-chambers marilyne-leroy marilyn-gee marilyn-jess marilyn-martyn marilyn-star marina-hedman marion-webb marita-ekberg marita-kemper marlena marlene-willoughby marry-queen martine-grimaud martine-schultz maryanne-fisher mary-hubay mary-ramunno mary-stuart mascha-mouton maud-kennedy mauvais-denoir maxine-tyler maya-black maya-france megan-leigh megan-martinez megan-reece mei-ling melanie-hotlips melanie-scott melba-cruz melinda-russell melissa-bonsardo melissa-del-prado melissa-golden melissa-martinez melissa-melendez melissa-monet mercedes-dragon mercedes-lynn merle-michaels mesha-lynn mia-beck mia-lina mia-smiles michele-raven michelle-aston michelle-ferrari michelle-greco michelle-maren michelle-maylene michelle-monroe micki-lynn mika-barthel mika-tan mikki-taylor mimi-morgan mindy-rae ming-toy miranda-stevens miss-bunny miss-meadow miss-pomodoro missy missy-graham missy-stone missy-vega misti-jane mistress-candice misty-anderson misty-dawn misty-rain misty-regan mona-lisa mona-page moni monica-baal monica-swinn monika-peta monika-sandmayr monika-unco monique-bruno monique-cardin monique-charell monique-demoan monique-gabrielle monique-la-belle morgan-fairlane morrigan-hel moxxie-maddron mulani-rivera mysti-may nadege-arnaud nadia-styles nadine-bronx nadine-proutnal nadine-roussial nadi-phuket nanci-suiter nancy-hoffman nancy-vee natacha-delyro natalia-wood natalli-diangelo natascha-throat natasha-skyler naudia-nyce nessa-devil nessy-grant nesty nicki-hunter nicky-reed nicole-berg nicole-bernard nicole-black nicole-grey nicole-london nicole-parks nicole-scott nicole-taylor nicolette-fauludi nicole-west nika-blond nika-mamic niki-cole nikita-love nikita-rush nikki-charm nikki-grand nikki-king nikki-knight nikki-randall nikki-rhodes nikki-santana nikki-steele nikki-wilde niko nina-cherry nina-deponca nina-hartley nina-preta oana-efria obaya-roberts olesja-derevko olga-cabaeva olga-conti olga-pechova olga-petrova olivia-alize olivia-del-rio olivia-flores olivia-la-roche olivia-outre ophelia-tozzi orchidea-keresztes orsolya-blonde paige-turner paisley-hunter pamela-bocchi pamela-jennings pamela-mann pamela-stanford pamela-stealt pandora paola-albini pascale-vital pat-manning pat-rhea patricia-dale patricia-diamond patricia-kennedy patricia-rhomberg patrizia-predan patti-cakes patti-petite paula-brasile paula-harlow paula-morton paula-price paula-winters pauline-teutscher penelope-pumpkins penelope-valentin petra-hermanova petra-lamas peyton-lafferty phaedra-grant pia-snow piper-fawn pipi-anderson porsche-lynn porsha-carrera precious-silver priscillia-lenn purple-passion queeny-love rachel-ashley rachel-love rachel-luv rachel-roxxx rachel-ryan rachel-ryder racquel-darrian rane-revere raven reagan-maddux rebecca-bardoux regan-anthony regine-bardot regula-mertens reina-leone reka-gabor renae-cruz renee-foxx renee-lovins renee-morgan renee-perez renee-summers renee-tiffany rhonda-jo-petty rikki-blake riley-ray rio-mariah rita-ricardo roberta-gemma roberta-pedon robin-byrd robin-cannes robin-everett robin-sane rochell-starr rosa-lee-kimball rosemarie roxanne-blaze roxanne-hall roxanne-rollan ruby-richards sabina-k sabre sabrina-chimaera sabrina-dawn sabrina-jade sabrina-johnson sabrina-love-cox sabrina-mastrolorenzi sabrina-rose sabrina-scott sabrina-summers sacha-davril sahara sahara-sands sai-tai-tiger samantha-fox samantha-ryan samantha-sterlyng samantha-strong samueline-de-la-rosa sandra-cardinale sandra-de-marco sandra-kalermen sandra-russo sandy-lee sandy-pinney sandy-reed sandy-samuel sandy-style sandy-summers sara-brandy-canyon sara-faye sarah-bernard sarah-cabrera sarah-hevyn sarah-mills sarah-shine sara-sloane sasha sasha-hollander sasha-ligaya sasha-rose satine-phoenix satin-summer savannah-stern savanna-jane scarlet-scarleau scarlet-windsor seka selena serena serena-south severine-amoux shana-evans shanna-mccullough shannon-kelly shannon-rush shantell-day sharon-da-vale sharon-kane sharon-mitchell shaun-michelle shawna-sexton shawnee-cates shay-hendrix shayne-ryder sheena-horne sheer-delight shelby-star shelby-stevens shelly-berlin shelly-lyons sheri-st-clair sheyla-cats shonna-lynn shyla-foxxx shy-love sierra-sinn sierra-skye sigrun-theil silver-starr silvia-bella silvia-saint silvie-de-lux silvy-taylor simone-west sindee-coxx sindy-lange sindy-shy siobhan-hunter skylar-knight skylar-price skyler-dupree smokie-flame smoking-mary-jane solange-shannon sonya-summers sophia-santi sophie-call sophie-duflot sophie-evans sophie-guers stacey-donovan stacy-lords stacy-moran stacy-nichols stacy-silver stacy-thorn starla-fox starr-wood stefania-bruni stella-virgin stephanie-duvalle stephanie-rage stephanie-renee stevie-taylor summer-knight summer-rose sunny-day sunset-thomas sunshine-seiber susan-hart susanne-brend susan-nero susi-hotkiss suzanne-mcbain suzan-nielsen suzie-bartlett suzie-carina suzi-sparks sweet-nice sweety-pie sybille-rossani sylvia-benedict sylvia-bourdon sylvia-brand sylvia-engelmann syreeta-taylor syren-de-mer syvette szabina-black szilvia-lauren tai-ellis taija-rae taisa-banx talia-james tamara-lee tamara-longley tamara-n-joy tamara-west tami-white tammy tammy-lee tammy-reynolds tania-lorenzo tantala-ray tanya-danielle tanya-fox tanya-foxx tanya-lawson tanya-valis tara-aire tasha-voux tatjana-belousova tatjana-skomorokhova tawnee-lee tawny-pearl tayla-rox taylor-wane teddi-austin teddi-barrett tera-bond tera-heart tera-joy teresa-may teresa-orlowski teri-diver teri-weigel terri-dolan terri-hall tess-ferre tess-newheart thais-vieira tia-cherry tianna tiara tiffany-blake tiffany-clark tiffany-duponte tiffany-rayne tiffany-rousso tiffany-storm tiffany-towers tiffany-tyler tiger-lily tigr timea-vagvoelgyi tina-blair tina-burner tina-evil tina-gabriel tina-loren tina-marie tina-russell tish-ambrose tommi-rose tonisha-mills topsy-curvey tori-secrets tori-sinclair tori-welles tracey-adams traci-lords traci-topps traci-winn tracy-duzit tracy-love tracy-williams tricia-devereaux tricia-yen trinity-loren trisha-rey trista-post trixie-tyler ultramax ursula-gaussmann ursula-moore uschi-karnat valentina valerie-leveau valery-hilton vanessa-chase vanessa-del-rio vanessa-michaels vanessa-ozdanic vanilla-deville velvet-summers veri-knotty veronica-dol veronica-hart veronica-hill veronica-rayne veronica-sage veronika-vanoza via-paxton vicky-lindsay vicky-vicci victoria-evans victoria-gold victoria-knight victoria-luna victoria-paris victoria-slick victoria-zdrok viper virginie-caprice vivian-valentine vivien-martines wendi-white wendy-divine whitney-banks whitney-fears whitney-wonders wonder-tracey wow-nikki xanthia-berstein yasmine-fitzgerald yelena-shieffer yvonne-green zara-whites zsanett-egerhazi zuzie-boobies

them together, with E , D , C , B , and A , yielding a maximum possible score of It is normal for a pupil to have grades, as most study a third language – traditionally German or French, but in recent years Spanish has increased in popularity If a pupil doesn't study a foreign language he or she instead studies extra Swedish and English He or she will then only receive grades and cannot reach a higher score than The sixteen subjects used to calculate the total must include the three core subjects – English, Swedish, and Mathematics If the pupil fails any of the core subjects, she or he lacks qualification to attend secondary school However, the student can still attend the secondary school individual program individuellt program IV , either to gain competence in the core subjects and start a secondary school program or to complete the individual program and satisfy the requirements for a student degree see below Gymnasieskola edit Secondary school, called gymnasieskola, lasts for three years however, some students study for four or more years for various reasons and is formally elective, although most attend it, and there are very few prospects for those who do not attend Secondary school is divided into so called programs , i e different types of choices of educational focus The two most common programs are social science samhällsvetenskap and natural sciences naturvetenskap The programs are further divided into orientations There are currently seventeen different national programs centrally defined program curricula with between two and four centrally defined orientations In addition, there are local programs and orientations, but most schools use the national programs As of the autumn of , there will be eighteen national programs, six college preparatory programs, and twelve vocational programs The programs are divided into two general categories preparatory and vocational All programs give basic qualification to attend university, but preparatory programs typically satisfy more of the various special qualifications that are required to attend some university courses and programs Just over half of upper secondary students follow one of the thirteen vocationally oriented programs These programs must include at least fifteen weeks of workplace training over the three year program The courses that a student takes depending on program and orientation can be divided into four levels core subjects, program specific subjects, orientation subjects, and individually selected courses Core courses are courses that everyone, regardless of program, must study to satisfy the requirements for a student degree Program specific courses are the additional courses that a student is required to take to fulfill the program requirements If a student for some reason does not fulfill the requirements, for example, by electing to replace a program specific course with another course, the student is considered to have attended a specially designed program, which has no bearing except for what's printed on the school leaving certificate Orientation subjects are the courses that a student elects to take by selecting an orientation Normally these courses take place in the second and third year, although in a few cases the courses start earlier Finally, individually selected courses are courses that the student freely selects for herself himself in the second and third year specific slots have been set aside in the curriculum and the schedule for these Admittance edit To attend secondary school, the prospective student applies to attend a certain program at a certain school, competing for entrance based upon his her elementary school grades In a few cases, such as the arts program Estetiska programmet ES at certain schools, the student applies for both the program and the orientation Some programs, generally the arts program and certain local programs orientations, have some form of entrance exam in addition to the elementary school grades International schools edit As of January , the International Schools Consultancy ISC listed Sweden as having international schools ISC defines an 'international school' in the following terms ISC includes an international school if the school delivers a curriculum to any combination of pre school, primary or secondary students, wholly or partly in English outside an English speaking country, or if a school in a country where English is one of the official languages, offers an English medium curriculum other than the country’s national curriculum and is international in its orientation This definition is used by publications including The Economist Independent schools edit Prior to the s, there were only a handful of private schools in Sweden, mostly tuition funded boarding schools, whereof Sigtunaskolan and Lundsbergs skola are the most well known A major education reform in allowed privately run schools offering primary or secondary education to receive public funding for each student, at a level similar to what public schools receive These are called independent schools friskolor , and in there were around of them The independent schools , similar to charter schools in the United States or academies in the United Kingdom, are funded with public money skolpeng from the local municipality, based on the number of pupils they have enrolled, in the same way Swedish public schools are Consequently, they are not allowed to discriminate or require admission examinations, nor are they allowed to charge the students any additional fees They are, however, allowed to accept private donations Regional economic differences directly affect how much money each municipality can provide per pupil, by as much as SEK , around US$ , or £ , Anyone can start an independent for profit school, or a chain of such schools, in Sweden Many of them offer an alternate pedagogy such as Montessori , or a foreign international, religious or special needs such as hearing impaired profile There are also several secondary schools with an elite sports profile Internationella Engelska Skolan and Kunskapsskolan are the two largest independent school chains In , more than % of Swedish pupils were enrolled in independent schools Opinions edit The independent school system has divided public opinion in Sweden During the election neither political block suggested abandoning the programme A poll conducted in by Synovate found that Swedes who want to ban companies from operating schools for profit outnumbered those that don't The Swedish model has been put forward as a possible model for similar solutions in both the United Kingdom and the United States, where Per Unckel, County Governor of Stockholm and former Conservative Minister of Education, in summarised the advantages of the Swedish system in an opinion piece produced by the Libertarian think tank Pacific Research Institute Education is so important that you can’t just leave it to one producer Because we know from monopoly systems that they do not fulfill all wishes In February The Guardian published an article on independent school system in Sweden Sweden proves that private profit improves services and influences policy Even education unions came on board when private provision was introduced into Swedish schools , citing the paper on average educational performance made by research institute under the Swedish Ministry of Employment, IFAU, which found that an increase in the share of independent school students improves average performance at the end of compulsory school as well as long run educational outcomes However, in June , another article by a different correspondent from The Guardian published an article showing that the system was a political failure , and that standards in learning had dropped dramatically over the years, and was in a state of crisis Tertiary education edit Post secondary Education Qualified Vocational Education KY KY KomVux PS Secondary School Vocational Ages – S S S Completing secondary school on a vocational program with full classes on a three year curriculum does provide a basic qualification for further studies However many times tertiary education is required before being admitted at university or university college Post secondary education is

provided by Municipal KomVux schools short for KOMmunal VUXenutbildning, lit Municipal Adult Education , and independent boarding schools named Folkhögskolor or People's High Schools in English Instead of opting for higher education, a student from a vocational program in secondary school is able to apply for what is called Qualified Vocational Education or Kvalificerad Yrkesutbildning KY This form combines education and practical experience from business or industry in the chosen field The level of education is essentially post secondary but can also contain courses that meet the requirements of tertiary education For post secondary education, the KomVux and the Qualified Vocational Education in some ways correspond to what is offered by community colleges in the United States Higher education edit See also List of universities in Sweden After gymnasieskola, students can apply to a university in order to receive a tertiary education General academic degrees are offered by public universities and university colleges that tend to attract students on a regional basis Besides general academic degrees, the higher education system in Sweden also provides a number of professional and vocational degrees in fields such as engineering, law and medicine As of autumn semester , higher education is free of charge only for Swedish, EU EEA, and Swiss citizens On July , a new higher education system came into effect in Sweden Higher education became divided into three levels basic level grundnivå , advanced level avancerad nivå , and doctoral level forskarnivå The new changes also included removing several professional vocational degrees yrkesexamina as well as redefining other pre existing degrees Higher Education from July Type of education Level Designation Degree Designation Forskarutbildning Postgraduate programmes Forskarnivå Doctoral level Doktorsexamen Degree of Doctor PhD higher education credits e året e året Licentiatexamen Degree of Licentiate higher education credits a året a året Grundläggande högskoleutbildning Undergraduate education Avancerad nivå Advanced level an Årskurs Masterexamen Degree of Master Two years higher education credits Yrkesexamina Professional Degrees – years long an Årskurs an Årskurs Magisterexamen Degree of Master One year higher education credits an Årskurs Grundnivå Basic level an Årskurs Kandidatexamen Degree of Bachelor higher education credits an Årskurs an Årskurs Högskoleexamen University Diploma higher education credits an Årskurs an Årskurs an Årskurs Basic level grundnivå edit To be admitted to a programme at the basic level, a student must complete an education at the gymnasieskola level or its equivalent The degrees that can be obtained at the basic level are University Diploma högskoleexamen , years, higher education credits högskolepoäng Degree of Bachelor kandidatexamen , years, higher education credits Advanced level avancerad nivå edit To be admitted to a programme at the advanced level, a student must have obtained a year Swedish degree at the basic level or a corresponding degree from another country or some corresponding qualification The degrees that can be obtained at the advanced level are Degree of Master One year magisterexamen , year, higher education credits Degree of Master Two years masterexamen , years, higher education credits Both degrees require completing a thesis The Degree of Master Two years , masterexam, is a new degree that is intended to be closely linked to continuing education at the graduate level Doctoral level forskarnivå edit To be admitted to a programme at the doctoral level, a student must have obtained a Swedish degree at the advanced level or completed at least years of full time study with at least one year at the advanced level or a corresponding degree from another country or equivalent knowledge The degrees that can be obtained at the doctoral level are Degree of Licentiate licentiatexamen , years, higher education credits Degree of Doctor PhD, doktorsexamen , years, higher education credits Postgraduate academic titles are docent associate professor and professor professor Each department has an administrative officer, the prefekt, who often is a docent Grading edit See also academic grading in Sweden and Bologna process, section Sweden Three sets of grades exist in Swedish universities and university colleges Some universities have introduced a seven grade scale A F, Fx , that similar to the ECTS scale, but with a criterion referenced grading instead of relative grading The most common scale is a three grade scale that consists of U Underkänd in Swedish, fail , G Godkänd, pass and VG Väl godkänd, pass with distinction In this set VG is the highest The other grade set consists of U, , , where is the highest This grade set is normally given in courses within technical professional degrees Finally there are some courses, within two systems of grading, in which you can only get G pass or U fail For instance, for a one semester thesis specialized level in Computer Science for a Master's degree at some institutions one can only get the grade G pass or fail, while for an equivalent thesis at other institutions one can also receive the grade VG Language requirements edit Before being accepted to a higher education programme in Sweden, all applicants must demonstrate a minimum proficiency in Swedish and English by either taking years of Swedish and English or passing Swedish B and English A For international applicants, the Test in Swedish for University Studies TISUS , is an international exam that can be taken to demonstrate proficiency in Swedish For those whose native language is not English, international applicants can demonstrate proficiency in English by obtaining a minimum score of points on the TOEFL or a minimum grade of B on the Cambridge First Certificate in English exam Exchange students may have different language requirements Student aid edit Swedish students receive economic help from the Swedish National Board of Student Aid CSN for studying Every student is entitled to semesters of allowances and loans, totaling , SEK per week September EUR, USD, GBP for full time studies after July Allowances are usually SEK per week September EUR USD GBP with loans covering the rest The limits for loans and allowances may be substantially increased under certain circumstances Student democracy edit Main article Student democracy Legislation edit Swedish legislation about student democracy is made by the Higher Education Act issued by the Parliament the Higher Education Ordinance issued by the government and frequently revised Such legal basis form regulations for all Swedish public universities They principally state that the state provides institutions for higher education higher education should be based on research higher education institutions should cooperate with the surrounding local communities quality efforts on all things are a joint matter for staff and students students should take an active part in the work, with further development of the education there must be student representatives in all drafting and decision making bodies Complaints about the implementation of legislation on student democracy can be sent to the Swedish Higher Education Authority Universitetskanslerämbetet Even if there is no fine, universities usually follow the agency's decisions Core issues edit The main issues about student democracy in Sweden are Granting a low threshold in entering universities, by no fees, for Swedish, EU EEA, and Swiss citizens simple rules of admission no entrance test Widening participation, introducing new groups into higher educations ethnic minorities, low income citizens it is worthy noting that affirmative actions are not allowed by Swedish legislation, as a form of positive discrimination Securing gender equality for staff, students and perspectives of education Strengthening the international perspective in all education, in order to help in creating understanding of the international society The Equal Treatment Act edit In , the Act for Equal Treatment of Students in Higher Education was issued, stating that Equal treatment should be granted regardless of sex, ethnic origin, religion, sexual orientation, and or disabilities Harassment from staff or students and discrimination are to be prevented An annual plan has to be issued by each university to actively promote equal treatment Weak spots are to be found in cooperation with students In case of reported harassment or discrimination based on the student's feelings , there's an obligation to investigate and take measures History of education in Sweden edit Primary school edit In , the Swedish parliament introduced a four year primary school for children in Sweden, Folkskola In grade and became Småskola and children started school at the age of seven In two grades were added to folkskola , grade and Some folkskola also had grade and , called Fortsättningsskola Schooling in Sweden became mandatory for years in the s and for years in the s Since , Swedish children have mandatory years in school from August the year the child turns to June the year the child turns Parents in some cases also have the option of delaying starting school until age if deemed to be in the child's best interest Secondary school edit Class of year olds celebrates a successfully completed Realexamen in a Stockholm suburb in After three years in folkskola , children who enjoyed school and had good grades could choose to switch to a secondary school called Högre allmänna läroverket Högre allmänna läroverket was not free, so most students came from well off families However, some children with good grades got free education at högre allmänna läroverket because their parents could not afford to pay for it In , högre allmänna läroverket was divided into a lower level, year school called realskola and a higher level, year school called gymnasium In , fackskola merged with gymnasium and yrkesskola to become gymnasieskola Grundskola edit In the autumn term of , some Swedish schools introduced an experiment with a nine year school called enhetsskola The enhetsskola had three stages The first years were lågstadium lower stage , the next three years were mellanstadium middle stage and the last three years were högstadium upper stage In those school districts, småskola became lågstadium, folkskola became mellanstadium and realskola became högstadium On May the Swedish parliament decided to introduce the enhetsskola in Sweden In the enhetsskola became försöksskola, which in changed name to grundskola In , the grundskola was introduced in all parts in Sweden, and the folkskola and högre allmänna läroverket were abolished From the autumn term of , the official division in three different stages was abolished In the early s, Sweden also introduced förskoleklass for the children aged , a one year long grade which first was called årskurs Grade or årsgrupp group for the six year olds Förskoleklass is not mandatory Comparison with the American educational system edit The Swedish educational system has its own distinctions and, as such, is not directly comparable to the educational system in the United States There is, however, a need to compare degrees and the educational or academic levels attained through a completed education Swedish Education is not easy to compare While the Swedish educational system is regulated by the Government of Sweden, the American educational system is regulated at the state level Furthermore, the definition and duration of primary and secondary school in the US and the names they are called e g , elementary school, grade school, middle school, junior high school, high school, senior high school can vary within a state making comparisons with other countries difficult To simplify, a typical mainstream American educational system is compared with the mainstream Swedish educational system, where special education is not included in mainstream education In the US, children are typically required to attend primary school and secondary school from age to After completing high school, many Americans enroll in higher education in a community college, college, or university In comparison, Swedish children are required to attend grundskola, compulsory school, from age to , where grundskola is a combination of primary and secondary school After grundskola, many Swedes attend the elective gymnasieskolan, upper secondary school, choosing either a university preparatory program or a vocational program Students who choose a vocational program normally terminate their education after gymnasieskolan while students who complete a university preparatory program normally enroll in higher education at a university or university college Students who complete a vocational program can enroll in higher education, but may need to take additional courses before being eligible to apply In Sweden, grundskola students are required to learn how to swim as a part of their physical education Since September , students in årskurs must be able to swim meters, with meters on their back In the US, many high school students take a driver's education course at their high school, which is often subsidized by the government Thus, by the age of , many Americans have a driving permit or a driver's license In contrast, Swedes typically learn how to drive by paying for a course at a private driving school trafikskola Since driving school can be quite expensive, many Swedes obtain their driver's license when they are older than The minimum age of obtaining a drivers license in Sweden is Before July , Sweden had several degrees of undergraduate education, such as candidate of philosophy fil kand or civilingenjör m sc eng Since July , undergraduate education in Sweden consists of all higher education degrees that are normally obtained in the first years Master, Bachelor, University Diploma and all professional degrees In the US, undergraduate education is considered higher education degrees that are normally obtained in the first years Bachelor and Associate degrees Graduate education in the US consists of the Doctorate and master's degrees Postgraduate education is additional training after being awarded a Doctorate degree In contrast, postgraduate programmes in Sweden are at the graduate level and consist of the Doctorate and Licentiate degrees The master's degree is a part of undergraduate education Educational System Comparison Typical Age Sweden United States School Designation School Designation Gymnasieskola Upper secondary school Ages – an Årskurs an Årskurs High School Ages – Compulsory dubious – discuss Grade Senior an Årskurs Grade Junior Grundskola Compulsory school Ages – Compulsory an Årskurs Grade Sophomore an Årskurs Grade Freshman an Årskurs Middle School Ages – Compulsory Grade an Årskurs Grade an Årskurs Grade an Årskurs Elementary School Ages – Compulsory Grade an Årskurs Grade an Årskurs Grade an Årskurs Grade Förskoleklass Pre school class Age Årskurs F Sometimes called an Grade A learning management system LMS is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of electronic educational technology also called e learning courses or training programs Learning Management Systems range from systems for managing training and educational records to software for distributing online or blended hybrid college courses over the Internet with features for online collaboration Colleges, universities, school districts, and schools use LMSs to deliver online courses and augment on campus courses LMSs also act to augment the lessons the teacher is giving in a brick and mortar environment, not just replace them Corporate training departments use LMSs to deliver online training, as well as to automate record keeping and employee registration Contents hide Characteristics History Purpose LMS and CMS compared LMS and LCMS compared LMS as the ubiquitous term Technical aspects Learning management industry A New Generation of LMS See also Further information References Bibliography External links Characteristics edit History edit The history of the application of computers to education is filled with generic terms such as computer based instruction CBI , computer assisted instruction CAI , and computer assisted learning CAL , generally describing drill and practice programs, more sophisticated tutorials, and more individualized instruction, respectively LMS has its history in another term, integrated learning systems ILS which offers additional functionality beyond instructional content such as management and tracking, more personalized instruction, and integration across the system The term ILS was originally coined by Jostens Learning, and LMS was originally used to describe the management system part of the PLATO K learning system, content free and separate from the courseware The term is currently used to describe a number of different educational computer applications Purpose edit The key to understanding the difference between LMS and other computer education terms is to understand the systemic nature of LMS LMS is the framework that handles all aspects of the learning process An LMS is the infrastructure that delivers and manages instructional content, identifies and assesses individual and organizational learning or training goals, tracks the progress towards meeting those goals, and collects and presents data for supervising the learning process of the organization as a whole A Learning Management System delivers content but also handles registering for courses, course administration, skills gap analysis, tracking, and reporting Most LMSs are web based to facilitate access to learning content and administration They are also used by educational institutions to enhance and support classroom teaching and offering courses to a larger population of learners LMSs are used by regulated industries e g financial services and biopharma for compliance training Student self service e g , self registration on instructor led training , training workflow e g , user notification, manager approval, wait list management , the provision of on line learning e g , computer based training, read & understand , on line assessment, management of continuous professional education CPE , collaborative learning e g , application sharing, discussion threads , and training resource management e g , instructors, facilities, equipment , are all important dimensions of learning management systems Some LMS providers include performance management systems , which encompass employee appraisals, competency management, skills gap analysis, succession planning, and multi rater assessments i e , degree reviews Modern techniques now employ competency based learning to discover learning gaps and guide training material selection For the commercial market, some Learning and Performance Management Systems include recruitment and reward functionality LMS and CMS compared edit The inappropriate use of LMS in the literature is perhaps most commonly associated with computer applications which are virtual learning environments Course Management Systems, CMS These systems are used primarily for online or blended learning, supporting the placement of course materials online, associating students with courses, tracking student performance, storing student submissions, and mediating communication between the students as well as their instructor Some of this same functionality can be seen within LMSs as well, so it is understandable why confusion might exist about the differences between the two types of systems However, the systemic nature of an LMS does not limit its functionality to that of a CMS LMS and LCMS compared edit The focus of an LMS is to deliver online courses or training to learners, while managing students and keeping track of their progress and performance across all types of training activities An LMS is not used to create course content By contrast, a learning content management system LCMS is a related software technology that provides a multi user environment where developers, authors, instructional designers, and subject matter experts may create, store, reuse, manage, and deliver digital educational technology also known as e learning content from a central object repository LCMS focuses on the development, management and publishing of the content that will typically be delivered via an LMS Users can both create and re use content and reduce duplicated development efforts Rather than developing entire courses and adapting them to multiple audiences, an LCMS provides the ability for single course instances to be modified and republished for various audiences maintaining versions and history The objects stored in the centralized repository can be made available to course developers and content experts throughout an organization for potential reuse and repurpose This eliminates duplicate development efforts and allows for the rapid assembly of customized content Some systems have tools to deliver and manage instructor led synchronous and asynchronous online training based on learning object methodology LCMSs provide tools for authoring and reusing or re purposing content mutated learning objects, or MLOs as well as virtual spaces for student interaction such as discussion forums, live chat rooms and live web conferences LCMS technology can either be used in tandem with an LMS, or as a standalone application for learning initiatives that require rapid development and distribution of learning content While LMS and LCMS products have different strengths and weaknesses, they generally address the