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footprint using microwave towers because of the time and expense that would be incurred in developing such a vast relay infrastructure; the company began looking for cost-efficient methods of transmitting the channel on a national scale. In 1974, the company settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States. Other television broadcasters at the time were hesitant about uplinking their feeds to satellite because they feared that the satellites may inadvertently shut down or jettison out of their orbit, as well as reservations about the cost of purchasing downlink receiver dishes, which in 1974, were sold for as much as $75,000. Seeing satellite transmission as the only viable option to expand HBO's reach, Gerald Levin allocated $6.5 million in funding to lease transponder space on the Westar 1 satellite for a five-year term.[27] The Time-Life board subsequently approved the satellite transmission plan.[34] On September 30, 1975 at 9:00 p.m. Eastern
Time, Home Box Office became the first television network to continuously deliver its signal via satellite (as opposed to microwave relay, the industry norm at the time) when it transmitted the "Thrilla in Manila," the heavyweight championship boxing match—held at the Araneta Coliseum in Cubao, Philippines—that saw Muhammad Ali defeat Joe Frazier by technical knockout. The event was beamed to UA-Columbia Cablevision's systems in Fort Pierce and Vero Beach, Florida, and American Television and Communications Corporation's Jackson, Mississippi system,[35] as well as cable systems that were already carrying HBO in the northeastern United States.[27][30][36][37] Through the use of satellite, the channel began transmitting separate programming feeds for the Eastern and Pacific Time Zones, allowing the same programs that are first broadcast in the eastern half of the United States to air at accordant times in the western part of the country.[38] HBO soon moved its domestic satellite transmissions from Westar 1 to Satcom 1 in February 1976. By 1977, the then Ted Turner-owned Atlanta superstation WTCG-TV (soon to become WTBS) and the then Pat Robertson-owned CBN Satellite Service (later to become the present-day Freeform) had joined it in adopting transmission via satellite, pioneering satellite delivery for the cable television industry.[30][39] With this delivery method, by 1980, HBO was carried on cable providers in all 50 U.S. states and had a total of around 15 million subscribers

Originally, HBO only provided programming for nine hours each day, from 3:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time, over its first nine years of operation. The network first adopted a 24-hour program schedule on September 4, 1981, running each weekend from 3:00 p.m. on Friday afternoons until 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Sunday nights/early Monday mornings; the 24-hour-a-day scheduling was expanded to weekdays three months later on December 28, 1981, allowing HBO to offer programming all day and night throughout the week, except for occasional interruptions for scheduled early-morning technical maintenance. (HBO was not the first pay television network to maintain an uninterrupted programming schedule as Showtime and The Movie Channel had both switched to 24-hour daily schedules months earlier, on July 4, 1981 and January 1, 1980, respectively.) By this time, the full "Home Box Office" name was de-emphasized by the network, in favor of branding solely by the "HBO" initialism. (The full name is still used as the legal corporate name of its parent division under WarnerMedia, and is used on-air in daily copyright IDs, end-credit copyright tags, and a proprietary vanity card shown at the close of the network's original programs.)[40] On January 10, 1983, HBO premiered its first regularly scheduled children's program, Fraggle Rock. Created by Jim Henson (who produced the 1978 ACE Award-winning special Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas for HBO) and co-produced with Television South, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Henson Associates, the series (which ran for five seasons, ending in March 1987) centered on a group of various interconnected Muppet species.[41] Also in early 1983, HBO jumped ahead of its competitors to become the first pay television service to broadcast Star Wars. As was common with film rights at the time in the pay-TV industry, 20th Century Fox sold off the premium television rights to the science fiction classic on a non-exclusive basis: HBO, Showtime, The Movie Channel, Home Theater Network and Spotlight were contractually bound to premiere it no earlier than 6:00 a.m. Eastern Time on February 1. However, HBO had managed to air the movie at midnight ET that same day, after paying Fox for permission to broadcast the film six hours ahead of the competition without promoting their coup to attract an audience other than night owls.[42] Later that year, on May 22, 1983, HBO premiered The Terry Fox Story, the first television movie ever produced for the network and the first to be produced for a pay television channel. The biographical film profiled the Canadian amputee runner (Eric Fryer) who embarked on a cross-country run across Canada to raise money and awareness for cancer research before Fox's deteriorating health from advanced cancer (from which he succumbed) ended the trek after 143 days.[29] Besides its venture into original programmin, the 1980s also saw HBO became involved in several lawsuits concerning conflicts with the unedited nature of the network's programming and municipal and state-level legal statutes (in such areas as Utah) that would have forced cable systems, if not the pay services themselves, to exclude inappropriate content in programs shown on HBO and other pay television networks.[38] On January 15, 1986, HBO began scrambling its signal using the Videocipher II encryption system, becoming the first satellite-delivered television network to encrypt its signal from unauthorized viewing by C-band satellite dish owners who did not subscribe to the service as well as cable. The move initially resulted in widespread complaints from television receive-only (TVRO) satellite users that previously could view programming on HBO's transponder signal without a subscription, due to the expense of Videocipher II set-top descramblers required to unencrypt the signal (retailing up to $395, plus a monthly subscription for $12.95, equal to or slightly higher than the rates cable subscribers paid to receive HBO programming, and rental fees for the Videocipher receivers), while several satellite dish dealers throughout the U.S. closed their stores as the expansion of signal scrambling caused hefty declines in dish sales.[38][43][44] The objections by TVRO users—as well as by members of the Satellite Television Industry Association, who, in March of that year, lobbied Congress to pass legislation to protect access to satellite transmissions—over having to now pay for HBO as cable subscribers had long done and paying for extra reception equipment came to a head four months later on April 26, when John R. MacDougall, an Ocala, Florida satellite dish retailer calling himself "Captain Midnight", staged his own protest of the changes by redirecting a receiver dish towards the network's Galaxy 1 transponder and intercepting the HBO signal during a late-night presentation of the 1985 spy drama film The Falcon and the Snowman. In this act of broadcast signal intrusion, the film's telecast was overridden with a text-based message written by MacDougall, placed over SMPTE color bars, in protest of the channel's decision to scramble its signal for home satellite subscribers and warning other premium services of possible backlash if they followed suit ("$12.95/MONTH ? NO WAY ! [SHOWTIME/MOVIE CHANNEL BEWARE!]"). The Federal Communications Commission subsequently charged MacDougall for "illegally operating a satellite uplink transmitter," for which he pleaded guilty after deciding to cooperate with the FCC's investigation into the incident; under a plea bargain deal, MacDougall was fined $5,000, was put on unsupervised probation for one year, and had his amateur radio license suspended for one year.[45][46][47] As the 1980s wound down, HBO saw its subscriber base expand greatly as a byproduct of the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike; throughout the strike (which lasted from March 7 to August 7 of that year), HBO had an inventory of first-run programming whereas the broadcast networks were only able to air reruns of their shows because of the abrupt halt to their production schedules and the delayed start of the fall television season. Leaning into its growing prominence in pay television, in 1989, HBO unveiled the promotional campaign "Simply the Best"—which used the Tina Turner single "The Best" as its imaging theme in some on-air advertisements—basing its programming in comparison to rival Showtime.[48] On January 2, 1989, HBO launched a Spanish-language audio feed of HBO and Cinemax, Selecciones en Español de HBO y Cinemax ("Spanish Selections from HBO and Cinemax"), targeted mainly at Hispanic and Latino customers. The service, which initially launched on 20 cable systems in markets with significant populations of residents who speak Spanish dominantly or as a first language,[49] originally provided Spanish audio simulcasts of HBO's live boxing matches (except for certain events broadcast exclusively in Spanish on networks such as Galavisión), dubbed versions of recent feature film releases from HBO's movie suppliers and first-run Spanish-language movies (mostly from Mexico, Argentina and Spain); Selecciones would later add Spanish-dubbed prints of the network's theatrical films and its original scripted, documentary, family and magazine programs. Selecciones—which was offered in tandem with

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